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The present study investigated Italian consumers’ awareness, perception, knowledge of European Union (EU) quality certifications: Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), Traditional Specialty Guaranteed (TSG), and organic as well as the consumption of agri-food products carrying those certifications. A total of 212 consumers responsible for food purchases took part in a web-based survey between June and December 2019, inclusive. Descriptive statistics were calculated in relation to the data collected, followed by a factor analysis to reduce data dimensionality, and a cluster analysis on the latent variables generated, to identify similarities and differences among respondents. Awareness, perception, knowledge and consumption of agri-food products carrying EU quality labels has increased among consumers in recent years. The results related to the consumer’s knowledge of quality-certified products showed that more than half of respondents were able to spontaneously quote examples of PDO (76%), PGI (56%) and organic food products (73%) while only 33% of participants could name at least one TSG product. The general awareness of the guarantees offered by PDO and PGI certifications was also assessed in relation to production processes, the natural and human factors of a particular environment and the reputation and quality of a particular region. Cluster analysis showed that consumers with the highest education were most likely to value EU quality certifications and support their local economies. The information obtained have practical implications for marketing and communication of European certified food products at national and international level.
Niculina Iudita Sampalean; Daniele Rama; Giulio Visentin. An investigation into Italian consumers’ awareness, perception, knowledge of European Union quality certifications, and consumption of agri-food products carrying those certifications. Bio-based and Applied Economics 2021, 10, 35 -49.
AMA StyleNiculina Iudita Sampalean, Daniele Rama, Giulio Visentin. An investigation into Italian consumers’ awareness, perception, knowledge of European Union quality certifications, and consumption of agri-food products carrying those certifications. Bio-based and Applied Economics. 2021; 10 (1):35-49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiculina Iudita Sampalean; Daniele Rama; Giulio Visentin. 2021. "An investigation into Italian consumers’ awareness, perception, knowledge of European Union quality certifications, and consumption of agri-food products carrying those certifications." Bio-based and Applied Economics 10, no. 1: 35-49.
Extensive summer grazing is a dairy herd management practice frequently adopted in mountainous areas. Nowadays, this activity is threatened by its high labour demand, but it is fundamental for environmental, touristic and economic implications, as well as for the preservation of social and cultural traditions. Scarce information on the effects of such low-input farming systems on cattle health is available. Therefore, the present case study aimed at investigating how grazing may affect the health status of dairy cows by using milk traits routinely available from the national milk recording scheme. The research involved a dairy herd of 52 Simmental and 19 Holstein × Simmental crossbred cows. The herd had access to the pasture according to a rotational grazing scheme from late spring up to the end of summer. A total of 616 test day records collected immediately before and during the grazing season were used. Individual milk yield was registered during the milking procedure. Milk samples were analysed for composition (fat, protein, casein and lactose contents) and health-related milk indicators (electrical conductivity, urea and β-hydroxybutyrate) using mid-infrared spectroscopy. Somatic cell count (SCC) and differential SCC were also determined. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model, which included the fixed effects of the period of sampling, cow breed, stage of lactation and parity, and the random effects of cow nested within breed and the residual. The transition from barn farming to pasture had a negative effect on milk yield, together with a small deterioration of fat and protein percentages. Health-related milk indicators showed a minor deterioration of the fat to protein ratio, differential SCC and electrical conductivity, particularly towards the end of the grazing season, whereas the somatic cell score and β-hydroxybutyrate were relatively constant. Overall, the study showed that, when properly managed, pasture grazing does not have detrimental effects on dairy cows in terms of udder health and efficiency. Therefore, the proper management of cows on pasture can be a valuable solution to preserve the economic, social and environmental sustainability of small dairy farms in the alpine regions, without impairing cows’ health.
Giovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Simone Callegaro; Giulio Visentin; Cristina Pornaro; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Cozzi; Massimo De Marchi; Martino Cassandro. Dairy Cows’ Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy. Animals 2021, 11, 981 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Niero, Tania Bobbo, Simone Callegaro, Giulio Visentin, Cristina Pornaro, Mauro Penasa, Giulio Cozzi, Massimo De Marchi, Martino Cassandro. Dairy Cows’ Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):981.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Simone Callegaro; Giulio Visentin; Cristina Pornaro; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Cozzi; Massimo De Marchi; Martino Cassandro. 2021. "Dairy Cows’ Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy." Animals 11, no. 4: 981.
The aim of this research was to evaluate of the productive responses of cows fed a dry hay based total mixed ration (TMR) in which sorghum (SOR) or corn (COR) meal (8 kg/h/d) were the main source of starch. The study involved two dairy herds located in the Parmigiano Reggiano PDO area, for a total of 1,400 cows (30% primiparous and 70% pluriparous). Each herd was fed alternatively SOR or COR TMR for 4 periods of 3 weeks: two weeks of adaptation and one week of data collection. Total milk production and composition, cheesemaking properties, fatty acid content and cheese yield were measured. In addition, within each herd, a random subgroup of 50 cows was selected for individual milk production, composition and cheesemaking properties analysis. Fibre digestibility was evaluated on faecal samples collected in 15 cows randomly selected in each subgroup. Data were analysed by a linear mixed model procedure with diet, herd, days in milk, parity and their interactions as fixed effects and cow as random effect. Individual milk production increase in SOR (32.43 vs. 31.34 kg, for SOR and COR, respectively; p<.0001) however, bulk milk and cheese yield did not show differences. Milk urea content was higher in SOR (27.38 vs. 22.79 mg/dL, for SOR and COR, respectively; p < .05). In this study the complete replacement of corn with finely ground sorghum meal in dairy cow diets in the Parmigiano Reggiano region did not result in negative effects on cows’ productivity, cheese making properties and production.
Giovanni Buonaiuto; Alberto Palmonari; Francesca Ghiaccio; Giulio Visentin; Damiano Cavallini; Luca Campidonico; Andrea Formigoni; Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi. Effects of complete replacement of corn flour with sorghum flour in dairy cows fed Parmigiano Reggiano dry hay-based ration. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021, 20, 826 -833.
AMA StyleGiovanni Buonaiuto, Alberto Palmonari, Francesca Ghiaccio, Giulio Visentin, Damiano Cavallini, Luca Campidonico, Andrea Formigoni, Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi. Effects of complete replacement of corn flour with sorghum flour in dairy cows fed Parmigiano Reggiano dry hay-based ration. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2021; 20 (1):826-833.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Buonaiuto; Alberto Palmonari; Francesca Ghiaccio; Giulio Visentin; Damiano Cavallini; Luca Campidonico; Andrea Formigoni; Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi. 2021. "Effects of complete replacement of corn flour with sorghum flour in dairy cows fed Parmigiano Reggiano dry hay-based ration." Italian Journal of Animal Science 20, no. 1: 826-833.
Food antioxidants enhance products shelf life and stability during technological treatments through the maintenance of their physical and chemical properties. Moreover, they are endowed with several positive effects on human health, including cell membranes preservation, enzyme functionality, and DNA integrity. Milk has been described in relation to a wide array of fat soluble and water-soluble antioxidant compounds, in particular vitamin A, C, and E, lactoferrin and peptides derived from casein and whey proteins. The total antioxidant activity (TAA) of milk is a novel and scarcely explored trait, defined as the sum of antioxidant contributions of the aforementioned compounds. On this background, the aims of the present study were to investigate the variability of milk TAA on a large scale exploiting predictions obtained through mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and to estimate genetic parameters of this trait in Holstein cows. Individual milk samples were collected between January 2011 and December 2018 during the routine milk recording procedure. Samples were analysed for gross composition through MIR spectroscopy and MIR spectra were stored. Milk TAA was then predicted (pTAA) from the stored milk MIR spectra (111,653 test-day records of 9519 cows in 344 herds) using the previously developed prediction model; considering the prediction accuracy, pTAA might be considered a proxy of the TAA determined through the reference method. Overall, pTAA averaged 7.16 mmoL/L of Trolox equivalents, showed a nadir around 40 days after calving and increased thereafter, following a linear trend up to the end of lactation. The lowest pTAA was observed in milk sampled from June to September. Milk pTAA was heritable (0.401 ± 0.015) and genetically associated to fat yield (0.366 ± 0.049), crude protein (CP) yield (0.238 ± 0.052), fat percentage (0.616 ± 0.022) and CP percentage (0.754 ± 0.015). The official selection index of Italian Holstein put the 49% of the emphasis on fat and protein yield and percentage; therefore, it derives that an indirect favourable selection for milk pTAA should be already in progress in Italian Holstein population.
Giovanni Niero; Angela Costa; Marco Franzoi; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa. Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows. Animals 2020, 10, 2372 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Niero, Angela Costa, Marco Franzoi, Giulio Visentin, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi, Mauro Penasa. Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Niero; Angela Costa; Marco Franzoi; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa. 2020. "Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows." Animals 10, no. 12: 2372.
Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are very sensitive to environmental stimulus before and during milking, and this explains why disrupted milk ejections due to blood oxytocin level instability are frequent in this species. According to the literature, the manual stimulation (MS) of teats before milking promotes oxytocin release and allows milk ejection to start within 2–3 min. However, the pre-milking stimulation of teats is not always part of the milking routine in Italian buffalo farms; moreover, buffaloes with unstable milk let-down are sometimes treated with exogenous oxytocin (OX). Different types of pre-milking stimulation can impact differently on the mammary gland epithelium and structures and, therefore, on milk yield. In this study, we observed the changes in teat morphological traits before and after the application of three types of stimuli, i.e., no manual stimulation (NS), MS, and OX, in buffaloes reared in an Italian dairy farm. In particular, measurements were available for 23 and 21 buffaloes for front and rear teats, respectively. Subsequently, the effect of the pre-milking stimulation type was estimated on teat morphological characteristics and on milk traits recorded after the application of stimuli. The results showed that the teat canal length was shorter (P < 0.05) after stimulation in the case of MS and OX compared to NS. Cistern diameter was overall greater for MS and lower for OX. On the contrary, teat wall thickness was greater and lower for OX and MS, respectively. Milk yield and quality (fat, protein, and somatic cell score) were similar across the three types of pre-milking stimulation. In perspective, the impact of these types of pre-milking stimulation should be evaluated on a large scale, and the focus might be put on mammary gland epithelium integrity, mastitis incidence, and other udder health indicators in milk, e.g., electrical conductivity, differential somatic cell count, lactose content, and sodium and chloride concentration.
Angela Costa; Massimo De Marchi; Giulio Visentin; Maria Concetta Campagna; Antonio Borghese; Carlo Boselli. The Effect of Pre-milking Stimulation on Teat Morphological Parameters and Milk Traits in the Italian Water Buffalo. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleAngela Costa, Massimo De Marchi, Giulio Visentin, Maria Concetta Campagna, Antonio Borghese, Carlo Boselli. The Effect of Pre-milking Stimulation on Teat Morphological Parameters and Milk Traits in the Italian Water Buffalo. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 7 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Costa; Massimo De Marchi; Giulio Visentin; Maria Concetta Campagna; Antonio Borghese; Carlo Boselli. 2020. "The Effect of Pre-milking Stimulation on Teat Morphological Parameters and Milk Traits in the Italian Water Buffalo." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, no. : 1.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of a handheld near-infrared spectrometer to predict total and gelatinized starch, insoluble fibrous fractions, and mineral content in extruded dry dog food. Intact and ground samples were compared to determine if the homogenization could improve the prediction performance of the instrument. Reference analyses were performed on 81 samples for starch and 99 for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and minerals, and reflectance infrared spectra (740 to 1070 nm) were recorded with a SCiO™ near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Prediction models were developed using modified partial least squares regression and both internal (leave-one-out cross-validation) and external validation. The best prediction models in cross-validation using ground samples were obtained for gelatinized starch (residual predictive deviation, RPD = 2.54) and total starch (RPD = 2.33), and S (RPD = 1.92), while the best using intact samples were obtained for gelatinized starch (RPD = 2.45), total starch (RPD = 2.08), and K (RPD = 1.98). Through external validation, the best statistics were obtained for gelatinized starch, with an RPD of 2.55 and 2.03 in ground and intact samples, respectively. Overall, there was no difference in prediction models accuracy using ground or intact samples. In conclusion, the miniaturized NIR instrument offers the potential for screening purposes only for total and gelatinized starch, S, and K, whereas the results do not support its applicability for the other traits.
Arianna Goi; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Giulio Visentin; Massimo De Marchi. Application of a Handheld Near-Infrared Spectrometer to Predict Gelatinized Starch, Fiber Fractions, and Mineral Content of Ground and Intact Extruded Dry Dog Food. Animals 2020, 10, 1660 .
AMA StyleArianna Goi, Marica Simoni, Federico Righi, Giulio Visentin, Massimo De Marchi. Application of a Handheld Near-Infrared Spectrometer to Predict Gelatinized Starch, Fiber Fractions, and Mineral Content of Ground and Intact Extruded Dry Dog Food. Animals. 2020; 10 (9):1660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArianna Goi; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Giulio Visentin; Massimo De Marchi. 2020. "Application of a Handheld Near-Infrared Spectrometer to Predict Gelatinized Starch, Fiber Fractions, and Mineral Content of Ground and Intact Extruded Dry Dog Food." Animals 10, no. 9: 1660.
This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for 19 linear type traits related to frame, udder, and feet and legs, and for final score of 10,305 first-parity Jersey cows evaluated between 2004 and 2016. Since scoring of locomotion in Jersey breed started in 2009, a subset of 6853 animals was extracted from the original data and used to investigate sources of variation and heritability of locomotion score, and its associations with the other traits. Univariate animal models were used to estimate variance components of type traits and bivariate analyses were implemented to obtain genetic correlations between traits. Fixed effects were herd-year-classifier, season of evaluation, stage of lactation at scoring and age at calving, and the random effects were additive genetic animal and the residual. Herd-year-classifier was the major source of variation affecting the traits. Heritabilities were low with the only exception of a moderate heritability (0.32 ± 0.02) for stature. The lowest heritabilities were estimated for feet and legs traits with values between 0.04 ± 0.02 (rear leg set side view, rear leg set rear view and locomotion) and 0.07 ± 0.02 (foot angle). The final score had heritability of 0.20 ± 0.02. Genetic correlations were generally stronger than their phenotypic counterparts. Overall, frame traits were weakly correlated with feet and legs, and udder traits, except for rump width, which showed moderate correlations with almost all traits, and angularity which showed the greatest correlations with rear udder height (0.61 ± 0.10) and rear udder width (0.62 ± 0.11). Genetic correlations between locomotion and frame traits ranged from 0.08 ± 0.22 (angularity) to 0.32 ± 0.16 (stature). The strongest correlations were estimated between locomotion and other feet and legs traits, but also with front teat placement (0.97 ± 0.19) and with rear teat placement (0.88 ± 0.17). Results of the present study will be used to enhance genetic evaluation of linear type traits in Jersey cattle breed.
Chiara Roveglia; Giovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Mauro Penasa; Raffaella Finocchiaro; Giulio Visentin; Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos; Martino Cassandro. Genetic parameters for linear type traits including locomotion in Italian Jersey cattle breed. Livestock Science 2019, 229, 131 -136.
AMA StyleChiara Roveglia, Giovanni Niero, Tania Bobbo, Mauro Penasa, Raffaella Finocchiaro, Giulio Visentin, Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos, Martino Cassandro. Genetic parameters for linear type traits including locomotion in Italian Jersey cattle breed. Livestock Science. 2019; 229 ():131-136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiara Roveglia; Giovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Mauro Penasa; Raffaella Finocchiaro; Giulio Visentin; Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos; Martino Cassandro. 2019. "Genetic parameters for linear type traits including locomotion in Italian Jersey cattle breed." Livestock Science 229, no. : 131-136.
The aim of the present study was to assess the relationships of lactose percentage (LP), lactose yield (LY), and freezing point (FRP) with minerals and coagulation properties predicted from mid-infrared spectra in bovine milk. To achieve this purpose, we analyzed 54,263 test-day records of 4,297 Holstein cows to compute (co)variance components with a linear repeatability animal model. Parity, stage of lactation, season of calving, and herd-test-date were included as fixed effects in the model, and additive genetic animal, within- and across-lactation permanent environment, and residual were included as random effects. Lactose percentage was more heritable (0.405 ± 0.027) than LY (0.121 ± 0.021) and FRP (0.132 ± 0.014). Heritabilities (± standard error) of predicted milk minerals varied from 0.375 ± 0.027 for Na to 0.531 ± 0.028 for P, and those of milk coagulation properties ranged from 0.348 ± 0.052 for rennet coagulation time to 0.430 ± 0.026 for curd firming time. Lactose percentage showed favorable (negative) genetic correlations with milk somatic cell score (SCS) and FRP, and it was almost uncorrelated with casein-related minerals (Ca and P) and coagulation properties. Moreover, LP was strongly correlated with Na (-0.783 ± 0.022), a mineral known to increase in the presence of intramammary infection (IMI) and high somatic cell count. Indeed, Na is the main osmotic replacer of lactose in mastitic milk when the blood-milk barrier is altered during IMI. Being strongly associated with milk yield, LY did not favorably correlate with coagulation properties, likely because of the negative correlation of this trait with protein and casein percentages. Milk FRP presented moderate and null genetic associations with Na and SCS, respectively. Results of the present study suggest that the moderate heritability of LP and its genetic correlations with IMI-related traits (Na and SCS) could be exploited for genetic selection against mastitis. Moreover, selection for LP would not impair milk coagulation characteristics or Ca and P content, which are important for cheesemaking.
Angela Costa; G. Visentin; Massimo De Marchi; M. Cassandro; M. Penasa. Genetic relationships of lactose and freezing point with minerals and coagulation traits predicted from milk mid-infrared spectra in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2019, 102, 7217 -7225.
AMA StyleAngela Costa, G. Visentin, Massimo De Marchi, M. Cassandro, M. Penasa. Genetic relationships of lactose and freezing point with minerals and coagulation traits predicted from milk mid-infrared spectra in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019; 102 (8):7217-7225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Costa; G. Visentin; Massimo De Marchi; M. Cassandro; M. Penasa. 2019. "Genetic relationships of lactose and freezing point with minerals and coagulation traits predicted from milk mid-infrared spectra in Holstein cows." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 8: 7217-7225.
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic associations between alternative somatic cell count (SCC) traits and milk yield, composition and udder type traits in Italian Jersey cows. Alternative SCC traits were test‐day (TD) somatic cell score (SCS) averaged over early lactation (SCS_150), standard deviation of SCS of the entire lactation (SCS_SD), a binary trait indicating absence or presence of at least one TD SCC >400,000 cells/ml in the lactation (Infection) and the ratio of the number of TD SCC >400,000 cells/ml to total number of TD in the lactation (Severity). Heritabilities of SCC traits, including lactation‐mean SCS (SCS_LM), ranged from 0.038 to 0.136. Genetic correlations between SCC traits were moderate to strong, with very few exceptions. Unfavourable genetic associations between milk yield and SCS_SD and Infection indicated that high‐producing cows were more susceptible to variation in SCC than low‐producing animals. Cows with deep udders, loose attachments, weak ligaments and long teats were more susceptible to an increase of SCC in milk. Overall, results suggest that alternative SCC traits can be exploited to improve cow's resistance to mastitis in Italian Jersey breed.
Tania Bobbo; Chiara Roveglia; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Visentin; Raffaella Finocchiaro; Martino Cassandro. Genetic relationships of alternative somatic cell count traits with milk yield, composition and udder type traits in Italian Jersey cows. Animal Science Journal 2019, 90, 808 -817.
AMA StyleTania Bobbo, Chiara Roveglia, Mauro Penasa, Giulio Visentin, Raffaella Finocchiaro, Martino Cassandro. Genetic relationships of alternative somatic cell count traits with milk yield, composition and udder type traits in Italian Jersey cows. Animal Science Journal. 2019; 90 (7):808-817.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTania Bobbo; Chiara Roveglia; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Visentin; Raffaella Finocchiaro; Martino Cassandro. 2019. "Genetic relationships of alternative somatic cell count traits with milk yield, composition and udder type traits in Italian Jersey cows." Animal Science Journal 90, no. 7: 808-817.
This study aimed to investigate factors affecting protein fractions, namely α-casein (α-CN), β-casein (β-CN), κ-casein (κ-CN), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) predicted from milk infrared spectra in milk of dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds. The dataset comprised 735,328 observations from 49,049 cows in 1782 herds. Results highlighted significant differences of protein fractions in milk of the studied breeds. Significant variations of protein fractions were found also through parities and lactation, with the latter thoroughly influencing protein fractions percentage. Interesting correlations (r) were estimated between β-CN, κ-CN and β-LG, expressed as percentage of crude protein, and milk urea nitrogen (r = 0.31, −0.20 and −0.26, respectively) and between α-LA and fat percentage (r = 0.41). The present study paves the way for future studies on the associations between protein fractions and milk technological properties, and for the estimation of genetic parameters of predicted protein composition.
Marco Franzoi; Giovanni Niero; Giulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. Variation of Detailed Protein Composition of Cow Milk Predicted from a Large Database of Mid-Infrared Spectra. Animals 2019, 9, 176 .
AMA StyleMarco Franzoi, Giovanni Niero, Giulio Visentin, Mauro Penasa, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi. Variation of Detailed Protein Composition of Cow Milk Predicted from a Large Database of Mid-Infrared Spectra. Animals. 2019; 9 (4):176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Franzoi; Giovanni Niero; Giulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. 2019. "Variation of Detailed Protein Composition of Cow Milk Predicted from a Large Database of Mid-Infrared Spectra." Animals 9, no. 4: 176.
The aim of the present study was to characterize alternative somatic cell count (SCC) traits that could be exploited in genetic selection for mastitis resistance. Data were from 66,407 first-parity Holsteins in 404 herds. Novel SCC traits included average somatic cell score (SCS, log-transformation of SCC) in early lactation (SCS_150), standard deviation of SCS of the entire lactation (SCS_SD), the presence of at least one test-day (TD) SCC >400,000 cells/mL in the lactation, and the ratio of number of TD SCC >400,000 cells/mL to total number of TD in the lactation. Novel traits and lactation-mean SCS (SCS_LM) were analyzed using linear mixed or logistic regression models, including month of calving, year of calving, number of TD, and milk yield as fixed effects, and herd and residual as random terms. A multitrait linear animal model was applied to a random subset of 152 herds (n = 22,695 cows) to assess heritability of and genetic correlations between SCC traits. Alternative SCC traits were affected by the environmental factors included in the model; in particular, results suggested a seasonal effect and a tendency toward an improvement of the udder health status in the last years. Association was also found between novel SCC traits and milk production. Alternative SCC traits exhibited coefficients of additive genetic variation that were similar to or larger than that of traditional SCS_LM. Heritability of novel SCC traits was smaller than heritability of SCS_LM (0.126 ± 0.014), ranging from 0.044 ± 0.008 (SCS_SD) to 0.087 ± 0.010 (SCS_150). Genetic correlations between SCC traits ranged from 0.217 ± 0.096 (SCS_150 and SCS_SD) to 0.969 ± 0.010 (SCS_LM and SCS_150). Alternative SCC traits exhibited additive genetic variation that is potentially exploitable in breeding programs of Italian Holstein population to improve resistance to mastitis.
T. Bobbo; M. Penasa; R. Finocchiaro; G. Visentin; M. Cassandro. Alternative somatic cell count traits exploitable in genetic selection for mastitis resistance in Italian Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science 2018, 101, 10001 -10010.
AMA StyleT. Bobbo, M. Penasa, R. Finocchiaro, G. Visentin, M. Cassandro. Alternative somatic cell count traits exploitable in genetic selection for mastitis resistance in Italian Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science. 2018; 101 (11):10001-10010.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Bobbo; M. Penasa; R. Finocchiaro; G. Visentin; M. Cassandro. 2018. "Alternative somatic cell count traits exploitable in genetic selection for mastitis resistance in Italian Holsteins." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 11: 10001-10010.
This study estimated the effect of Holstein‐Friesian, Brown Swiss, Jersey, Simmental and Alpine Grey cattle breeds on milk mineral contents (Ca, Mg, P, K, and Na) in multibreed herds using data predicted with mid‐infrared spectroscopy. The dataset included 139,821 observations from 16,566 cows and 977 herds. Fixed effects considered in the mixed model were breed, parity, stage of lactation and first‐order interactions, and random effects were cow, herd‐test‐date, and the residual. Multiple comparisons of least squares means were performed for the main effect of breed, parity, and stage of lactation using Bonferroni adjustment. Holstein‐Friesian yielded milk with the lowest fat, protein, and casein concentration, and Ca, Mg, and P contents, whereas Jersey cows produced milk with the greatest fat, protein, and casein concentration, and Ca and Mg contents. Results of this study suggest that mixing milk from different breeds could enhance milk composition and technological ability, and therefore contribute to improve dairy industry efficiency.
Carmen L. Manuelian; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Visentin; Ali Zidi; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. Mineral composition of cow milk from multibreed herds. Animal Science Journal 2018, 89, 1622 -1627.
AMA StyleCarmen L. Manuelian, Mauro Penasa, Giulio Visentin, Ali Zidi, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi. Mineral composition of cow milk from multibreed herds. Animal Science Journal. 2018; 89 (11):1622-1627.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen L. Manuelian; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Visentin; Ali Zidi; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. 2018. "Mineral composition of cow milk from multibreed herds." Animal Science Journal 89, no. 11: 1622-1627.
This Research Communication investigated the potential of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict detailed mineral composition of bovine milk. A total of 153 bulk milk samples were analysed for contents of Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P and Zn. Also, soluble and colloidal fractions of Ca, Mg and P were quantified. For each milk sample the mid-infrared spectrum was captured and stored. Prediction models were developed using partial least squares regression and the accuracy of prediction was evaluated using both cross- and external validation. The proportion of variance explained by the prediction models in cross-validation ranged from 34% (Na) to 77% (total P), and it ranged from 13% (soluble Mg) to 54% (Cl−) in external validation. The ratio of the standard deviation of each trait to the standard error of prediction in external validation, which is an indicator of the practical utility of the prediction model, was low and never greater than 2. Results from the current study supported the limited usefulness of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict minerals present in low concentration in bulk milk. For major mineral components, results from the present research did not match previous findings demonstrating the need for further studies using larger reference datasets.
Massimo Malacarne; Giulio Visentin; Andrea Summer; Martino Cassandro; Mauro Penasa; Giuseppe Bolzoni; Giorgio Zanardi; Massimo De Marchi. Investigation on the effectiveness of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict detailed mineral composition of bulk milk. Journal of Dairy Research 2018, 85, 83 -86.
AMA StyleMassimo Malacarne, Giulio Visentin, Andrea Summer, Martino Cassandro, Mauro Penasa, Giuseppe Bolzoni, Giorgio Zanardi, Massimo De Marchi. Investigation on the effectiveness of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict detailed mineral composition of bulk milk. Journal of Dairy Research. 2018; 85 (1):83-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Malacarne; Giulio Visentin; Andrea Summer; Martino Cassandro; Mauro Penasa; Giuseppe Bolzoni; Giorgio Zanardi; Massimo De Marchi. 2018. "Investigation on the effectiveness of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict detailed mineral composition of bulk milk." Journal of Dairy Research 85, no. 1: 83-86.
This paper investigated sources of variation of milk fatty acid (FA, g/100 g total FA) profile routinely predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy in Pinzgauer dual-purpose cattle breed. A total of 19,578 individual milk samples collected from 1232 cows and 77 herds between 2011 and 2014 were available for phenotypic characterisation. Data were analysed using a linear mixed model which included stage of lactation, parity and their interaction as fixed effects, and cow and herd-test-day as random effects. Milk yield averaged 20.87 kg/d, and means for fat, protein and casein were 4.01, 3.44 and 2.72%, respectively. Saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) averaged 69.20, 25.43 and 3.19 g/100 g total FA, respectively. About half of the SFA were provided by C16:0 (31.24 g/100 g total FA), and almost all MUFA by C18:1 (22.18 g/100 g total FA). Fixed effects were significant in explaining the variation of the studied traits. Milk of first-parity cows had the lowest percentage of SFA, medium-chain FA and C14:0, and the greatest percentage of MUFA, PUFA, trans FA, short- and long-chain FA, and C18:1. Saturated FA, C14:0 and C16:0 increased from calving until 120 days in milk, whereas unsaturated FA, MUFA, PUFA, long-chain FA, C18:0 and C18:1 decreased. Although both parity and stage of lactation affected milk FA, greater variation was observed during lactation than among parities.
Carmen Loreto Manuelian; Giulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. Phenotypic variation of milk fatty acid composition of Pinzgauer cattle breed. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2017, 17, 574 -577.
AMA StyleCarmen Loreto Manuelian, Giulio Visentin, Mauro Penasa, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi. Phenotypic variation of milk fatty acid composition of Pinzgauer cattle breed. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2017; 17 (3):574-577.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Loreto Manuelian; Giulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. 2017. "Phenotypic variation of milk fatty acid composition of Pinzgauer cattle breed." Italian Journal of Animal Science 17, no. 3: 574-577.
Population-level phenotyping is, for some traits, hardly achievable due to limitation of reference analyses. Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) is a quick and cost-effective laboratory technique allowing the prediction of innovative milk quality features on a large scale. The present study aimed at investigating factors associated with milk Ca, K, Mg, Na and P contents predicted by MIRS models on a large multi-breed spectral data set of 123,240 test-day records. Two dairy (Holstein–Friesian and Brown Swiss) and two dual-purpose (Simmental and Alpine Grey) cattle breeds were considered. Sources of variation of predicted milk mineral contents were studied using linear mixed models, including the fixed effects of breed, month of sampling, stage of lactation, parity and interactions between the main effects. Random factors were herd nested within breed, cow nested within breed and the residual. Calcium content was greater in milk of dual-purpose than dairy cattle breeds. Simmental cows produced milk with the greatest content of Ca and Na, and milk of Holstein-Friesian had the lowest P content. Variation of content of Ca, Mg, Na and P throughout lactations exhibited an opposite trend to that of milk yield, with the lowest values around the peak of lactation. On the other hand, K content mirrored the trend of milk yield. Multiparous cows had lower content of milk minerals, with the exception of Na, compared with first parity animals. Environmental factors identified in the present study can be considered for within-breed genetic evaluation to adjust records of milk mineral contents for these effects.
Giulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Giovanni Niero; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. Phenotypic characterisation of major mineral composition predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy in cow milk. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2017, 17, 549 -556.
AMA StyleGiulio Visentin, Mauro Penasa, Giovanni Niero, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi. Phenotypic characterisation of major mineral composition predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy in cow milk. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2017; 17 (3):549-556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Giovanni Niero; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. 2017. "Phenotypic characterisation of major mineral composition predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy in cow milk." Italian Journal of Animal Science 17, no. 3: 549-556.
The aim of the present study was to characterise milk of Burlina local cattle breed for traits of technological and nutritional relevance, such as milk coagulation properties (MCP), and protein, major mineral and fatty acid (FA) composition. Burlina is mainly reared in mountain areas of Veneto Region (Italy) and it has been inserted in conservation plans aiming to avoid biodiversity loss and marginal pasture areas abandonment. Eighty-one individual milk samples were collected in four farms. Milk coagulation properties were determined using Formagraph, and protein, mineral and FA composition were analysed in high performance liquid chromatography, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and gas chromatography, respectively. Results evidenced good protein percentage (3.38%) and considerable casein content (28.89 mg/mL), as well as a desirable FA profile, with ω-6 to ω-3 ratio of 4.04. Somatic cell score, averaging 3.13, is a trait that should be enhanced through the improvement of farm management. This would have positive effects on MCP. Among milk minerals, the most and less abundant were K (1493.53 mg/kg) and Mg (110.07 mg/kg), respectively. Overall, herd, parity and lactation stage explained moderate to low variation of the studied traits. Results of the present study could be useful to valorise Burlina local breed and preserve biodiversity in marginal areas.
Giovanni Niero; Giulio Visentin; Sofia Ton; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa; Martino Cassandro. Phenotypic characterisation of milk technological traits, protein fractions, and major mineral and fatty acid composition of Burlina cattle breed*. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016, 15, 576 -583.
AMA StyleGiovanni Niero, Giulio Visentin, Sofia Ton, Massimo De Marchi, Mauro Penasa, Martino Cassandro. Phenotypic characterisation of milk technological traits, protein fractions, and major mineral and fatty acid composition of Burlina cattle breed*. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2016; 15 (4):576-583.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Niero; Giulio Visentin; Sofia Ton; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa; Martino Cassandro. 2016. "Phenotypic characterisation of milk technological traits, protein fractions, and major mineral and fatty acid composition of Burlina cattle breed*." Italian Journal of Animal Science 15, no. 4: 576-583.
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Giovanni Niero; Mauro Penasa; Massimo De Marchi; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro. Study of milk protein composition and coagulation properties of Burlina local cattle breed. Poljoprivreda 2015, 21, 101 -104.
AMA StyleGiovanni Niero, Mauro Penasa, Massimo De Marchi, Giulio Visentin, Martino Cassandro. Study of milk protein composition and coagulation properties of Burlina local cattle breed. Poljoprivreda. 2015; 21 (1 Suppleme):101-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Niero; Mauro Penasa; Massimo De Marchi; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro. 2015. "Study of milk protein composition and coagulation properties of Burlina local cattle breed." Poljoprivreda 21, no. 1 Suppleme: 101-104.
Giulio Visentin; Massimo De Marchi; Audrey McDermott; Donagh P. Berry; Mauro Penasa; Sinéad Mcparland. Phenotypic characterisation of milk processing attributes predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy analysis. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGiulio Visentin, Massimo De Marchi, Audrey McDermott, Donagh P. Berry, Mauro Penasa, Sinéad Mcparland. Phenotypic characterisation of milk processing attributes predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy analysis. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulio Visentin; Massimo De Marchi; Audrey McDermott; Donagh P. Berry; Mauro Penasa; Sinéad Mcparland. 2021. "Phenotypic characterisation of milk processing attributes predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy analysis." , no. : 1.