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Dr. Giovanni Niero
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Curd samples (n = 83) from 3 European dairy companies were analyzed for micellar and soluble mineral fractions content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry as a gold standard method. The same curd samples were analyzed through 3 different near-infrared (NIR) instruments, and NIR spectra were merged with reference data. Prediction equations were developed using modified partial least squares analysis, and the accuracy of prediction was evaluated through leave-one-out cross validation. Overall, NIR spectroscopy was capable of predicting micellar and soluble mineral fractions in curd, but with differences among instruments. Fitting statistics showed that the visible NIR instrument in reflectance mode outperformed the NIR instrument in transmittance mode as well as the portable NIR instrument in reflectance mode. Prediction accuracies for most of the analyzed mineral fractions can be used for curd quality control in dairy companies and to aid in decision-making during the cheesemaking process.

ACS Style

M. Saugo; M. Franzoi; G. Niero; M. De Marchi. Mineral equilibrium in commercial curd and predictive ability of near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 3947 -3955.

AMA Style

M. Saugo, M. Franzoi, G. Niero, M. De Marchi. Mineral equilibrium in commercial curd and predictive ability of near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (4):3947-3955.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Saugo; M. Franzoi; G. Niero; M. De Marchi. 2021. "Mineral equilibrium in commercial curd and predictive ability of near-infrared spectroscopy." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 4: 3947-3955.

Case report
Published: 01 April 2021 in Animals
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Extensive summer grazing is a dairy herd management practice frequently adopted in mountainous areas. Nowadays, this activity is threatened by its high labour demand, but it is fundamental for environmental, touristic and economic implications, as well as for the preservation of social and cultural traditions. Scarce information on the effects of such low-input farming systems on cattle health is available. Therefore, the present case study aimed at investigating how grazing may affect the health status of dairy cows by using milk traits routinely available from the national milk recording scheme. The research involved a dairy herd of 52 Simmental and 19 Holstein × Simmental crossbred cows. The herd had access to the pasture according to a rotational grazing scheme from late spring up to the end of summer. A total of 616 test day records collected immediately before and during the grazing season were used. Individual milk yield was registered during the milking procedure. Milk samples were analysed for composition (fat, protein, casein and lactose contents) and health-related milk indicators (electrical conductivity, urea and β-hydroxybutyrate) using mid-infrared spectroscopy. Somatic cell count (SCC) and differential SCC were also determined. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model, which included the fixed effects of the period of sampling, cow breed, stage of lactation and parity, and the random effects of cow nested within breed and the residual. The transition from barn farming to pasture had a negative effect on milk yield, together with a small deterioration of fat and protein percentages. Health-related milk indicators showed a minor deterioration of the fat to protein ratio, differential SCC and electrical conductivity, particularly towards the end of the grazing season, whereas the somatic cell score and β-hydroxybutyrate were relatively constant. Overall, the study showed that, when properly managed, pasture grazing does not have detrimental effects on dairy cows in terms of udder health and efficiency. Therefore, the proper management of cows on pasture can be a valuable solution to preserve the economic, social and environmental sustainability of small dairy farms in the alpine regions, without impairing cows’ health.

ACS Style

Giovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Simone Callegaro; Giulio Visentin; Cristina Pornaro; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Cozzi; Massimo De Marchi; Martino Cassandro. Dairy Cows’ Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy. Animals 2021, 11, 981 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Niero, Tania Bobbo, Simone Callegaro, Giulio Visentin, Cristina Pornaro, Mauro Penasa, Giulio Cozzi, Massimo De Marchi, Martino Cassandro. Dairy Cows’ Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):981.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Simone Callegaro; Giulio Visentin; Cristina Pornaro; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Cozzi; Massimo De Marchi; Martino Cassandro. 2021. "Dairy Cows’ Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy." Animals 11, no. 4: 981.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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ACS Style

A. Costa; G. Niero; M. Franzoi; M. Cassandro; M. De Marchi; M. Penasa. Short communication: Iodine content in bovine milk is lowly heritable and shows limited genetic variation. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 3292 -3297.

AMA Style

A. Costa, G. Niero, M. Franzoi, M. Cassandro, M. De Marchi, M. Penasa. Short communication: Iodine content in bovine milk is lowly heritable and shows limited genetic variation. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (3):3292-3297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Costa; G. Niero; M. Franzoi; M. Cassandro; M. De Marchi; M. Penasa. 2021. "Short communication: Iodine content in bovine milk is lowly heritable and shows limited genetic variation." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 3: 3292-3297.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Animals
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Food antioxidants enhance products shelf life and stability during technological treatments through the maintenance of their physical and chemical properties. Moreover, they are endowed with several positive effects on human health, including cell membranes preservation, enzyme functionality, and DNA integrity. Milk has been described in relation to a wide array of fat soluble and water-soluble antioxidant compounds, in particular vitamin A, C, and E, lactoferrin and peptides derived from casein and whey proteins. The total antioxidant activity (TAA) of milk is a novel and scarcely explored trait, defined as the sum of antioxidant contributions of the aforementioned compounds. On this background, the aims of the present study were to investigate the variability of milk TAA on a large scale exploiting predictions obtained through mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and to estimate genetic parameters of this trait in Holstein cows. Individual milk samples were collected between January 2011 and December 2018 during the routine milk recording procedure. Samples were analysed for gross composition through MIR spectroscopy and MIR spectra were stored. Milk TAA was then predicted (pTAA) from the stored milk MIR spectra (111,653 test-day records of 9519 cows in 344 herds) using the previously developed prediction model; considering the prediction accuracy, pTAA might be considered a proxy of the TAA determined through the reference method. Overall, pTAA averaged 7.16 mmoL/L of Trolox equivalents, showed a nadir around 40 days after calving and increased thereafter, following a linear trend up to the end of lactation. The lowest pTAA was observed in milk sampled from June to September. Milk pTAA was heritable (0.401 ± 0.015) and genetically associated to fat yield (0.366 ± 0.049), crude protein (CP) yield (0.238 ± 0.052), fat percentage (0.616 ± 0.022) and CP percentage (0.754 ± 0.015). The official selection index of Italian Holstein put the 49% of the emphasis on fat and protein yield and percentage; therefore, it derives that an indirect favourable selection for milk pTAA should be already in progress in Italian Holstein population.

ACS Style

Giovanni Niero; Angela Costa; Marco Franzoi; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa. Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows. Animals 2020, 10, 2372 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Niero, Angela Costa, Marco Franzoi, Giulio Visentin, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi, Mauro Penasa. Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Niero; Angela Costa; Marco Franzoi; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa. 2020. "Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows." Animals 10, no. 12: 2372.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Miniaturized coagulation (MC) models have been proposed for the evaluation of curd yield (CY) in individual milk samples of different dairy species and breeds, and for the analysis of cheese microstructure and texture. It is still unclear if MC using less than 50 mL of milk is suitable to evaluate CY and chemical composition, and if preservative added to raw milk may interfere with MC process. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating repeatability and reproducibility of CY, curd moisture, and fat and protein content on curd dry matter (DM) from MC trials using 40 g of milk. Miniaturized coagulations were performed by 3 different operators on 3 consecutive days, using raw milk (RM) and raw milk added with preservative (RMP). Repeatability of CY, calculated as relative standard deviation on 6 miniaturized curds obtained within a day by the same operator, was below 5% for MC carried out with both RM and RMP. The Horwitz ratio, which is the ratio between measured and expected reproducibility, highlighted good reproducibility for CY from RM and fair reproducibility for CY from RMP. The same ratio highlighted lower accuracies for curd moisture and fat and protein content on curd DM, especially for MC trials carried out with RMP. The z-test was performed to evaluate the similarity between curds manufactured with RM and RMP in terms of average yield and chemical composition; z-scores did not highlight significant differences between values obtained from MC carried out with RM and RMP. It can be concluded that preservative had negligible effects on MC, giving the opportunity to extend milk physical and chemical stability, to schedule laboratory trials on longer time span, and to broaden the sample size within a batch of analyses.

ACS Style

G. Niero; A. Goi; V. Vigolo; M. Saugo; M. Franzoi; M. Cassandro; M. Penasa; M. De Marchi. Technical note: Repeatability and reproducibility of curd yield and composition in a miniaturized coagulation model. Journal of Dairy Science 2020, 103, 11100 -11105.

AMA Style

G. Niero, A. Goi, V. Vigolo, M. Saugo, M. Franzoi, M. Cassandro, M. Penasa, M. De Marchi. Technical note: Repeatability and reproducibility of curd yield and composition in a miniaturized coagulation model. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020; 103 (12):11100-11105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Niero; A. Goi; V. Vigolo; M. Saugo; M. Franzoi; M. Cassandro; M. Penasa; M. De Marchi. 2020. "Technical note: Repeatability and reproducibility of curd yield and composition in a miniaturized coagulation model." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 12: 11100-11105.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Animals
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The collection of phenotypes related to livestock methane emissions is hampered by costly and time-demanding techniques. In the present research, a laser methane detector was used to measure several novel phenotypes, including mean and aggregate of methane records, and mean and number of methane peak records, considering Simmental heifers as a case study. Phenotypes showed satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility for log-transformed data. The number of emission peaks had great variability across animals and thus it is a promising candidate to discriminate between high and low emitters.

ACS Style

Giovanni Niero; Filippo Cendron; Mauro Penasa; Massimo De Marchi; Giulio Cozzi; Martino Cassandro. Repeatability and Reproducibility of Measures of Bovine Methane Emissions Recorded using a Laser Detector. Animals 2020, 10, 606 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Niero, Filippo Cendron, Mauro Penasa, Massimo De Marchi, Giulio Cozzi, Martino Cassandro. Repeatability and Reproducibility of Measures of Bovine Methane Emissions Recorded using a Laser Detector. Animals. 2020; 10 (4):606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Niero; Filippo Cendron; Mauro Penasa; Massimo De Marchi; Giulio Cozzi; Martino Cassandro. 2020. "Repeatability and Reproducibility of Measures of Bovine Methane Emissions Recorded using a Laser Detector." Animals 10, no. 4: 606.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2020 in Animals
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Through the development of the high-throughput genotyping arrays, molecular markers and genes related to phenotypic traits have been identified in livestock species. In poultry, plumage color is an important qualitative trait that can be used as phenotypic marker for breed identification. In order to assess sources of genetic variation related to the Polverara chicken breed plumage colour (black vs. white), we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a genome-wide fixation index (FST) scan to uncover the genomic regions involved. A total of 37 animals (17 white and 20 black) were genotyped with the Affymetrix 600 K Chicken single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Array. The combination of results from GWAS and FST revealed a total of 40 significant markers distributed on GGA 01, 03, 08, 12 and 21, and located within or near known genes. In addition to the well-known TYR, other candidate genes have been identified in this study, such as GRM5, RAB38 and NOTCH2. All these genes could explain the difference between the two Polverara breeds. Therefore, this study provides the basis for further investigation of the genetic mechanisms involved in plumage color in chicken.

ACS Style

Salvatore Mastrangelo; Filippo Cendron; Gianluca Sottile; Giovanni Niero; Baldassare Portolano; Filippo Biscarini; Martino Cassandro. Genome-Wide Analyses Identifies Known and New Markers Responsible of Chicken Plumage Color. Animals 2020, 10, 493 .

AMA Style

Salvatore Mastrangelo, Filippo Cendron, Gianluca Sottile, Giovanni Niero, Baldassare Portolano, Filippo Biscarini, Martino Cassandro. Genome-Wide Analyses Identifies Known and New Markers Responsible of Chicken Plumage Color. Animals. 2020; 10 (3):493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salvatore Mastrangelo; Filippo Cendron; Gianluca Sottile; Giovanni Niero; Baldassare Portolano; Filippo Biscarini; Martino Cassandro. 2020. "Genome-Wide Analyses Identifies Known and New Markers Responsible of Chicken Plumage Color." Animals 10, no. 3: 493.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2019 in Livestock Science
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This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for 19 linear type traits related to frame, udder, and feet and legs, and for final score of 10,305 first-parity Jersey cows evaluated between 2004 and 2016. Since scoring of locomotion in Jersey breed started in 2009, a subset of 6853 animals was extracted from the original data and used to investigate sources of variation and heritability of locomotion score, and its associations with the other traits. Univariate animal models were used to estimate variance components of type traits and bivariate analyses were implemented to obtain genetic correlations between traits. Fixed effects were herd-year-classifier, season of evaluation, stage of lactation at scoring and age at calving, and the random effects were additive genetic animal and the residual. Herd-year-classifier was the major source of variation affecting the traits. Heritabilities were low with the only exception of a moderate heritability (0.32 ± 0.02) for stature. The lowest heritabilities were estimated for feet and legs traits with values between 0.04 ± 0.02 (rear leg set side view, rear leg set rear view and locomotion) and 0.07 ± 0.02 (foot angle). The final score had heritability of 0.20 ± 0.02. Genetic correlations were generally stronger than their phenotypic counterparts. Overall, frame traits were weakly correlated with feet and legs, and udder traits, except for rump width, which showed moderate correlations with almost all traits, and angularity which showed the greatest correlations with rear udder height (0.61 ± 0.10) and rear udder width (0.62 ± 0.11). Genetic correlations between locomotion and frame traits ranged from 0.08 ± 0.22 (angularity) to 0.32 ± 0.16 (stature). The strongest correlations were estimated between locomotion and other feet and legs traits, but also with front teat placement (0.97 ± 0.19) and with rear teat placement (0.88 ± 0.17). Results of the present study will be used to enhance genetic evaluation of linear type traits in Jersey cattle breed.

ACS Style

Chiara Roveglia; Giovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Mauro Penasa; Raffaella Finocchiaro; Giulio Visentin; Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos; Martino Cassandro. Genetic parameters for linear type traits including locomotion in Italian Jersey cattle breed. Livestock Science 2019, 229, 131 -136.

AMA Style

Chiara Roveglia, Giovanni Niero, Tania Bobbo, Mauro Penasa, Raffaella Finocchiaro, Giulio Visentin, Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos, Martino Cassandro. Genetic parameters for linear type traits including locomotion in Italian Jersey cattle breed. Livestock Science. 2019; 229 ():131-136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Roveglia; Giovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Mauro Penasa; Raffaella Finocchiaro; Giulio Visentin; Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos; Martino Cassandro. 2019. "Genetic parameters for linear type traits including locomotion in Italian Jersey cattle breed." Livestock Science 229, no. : 131-136.

Communication
Published: 09 July 2019 in Animals
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Milk and dairy products are major sources of minerals in human diet. Minerals influence milk technological properties; in particular, micellar and diffusible minerals differentially influence rennet clotting time, curd firmness and curd formation rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict the content of micellar and diffusible mineral fractions in bovine milk. Spectra of reference milk samples (n = 93) were collected using Milkoscan™ 7 (Foss Electric A/S, Hillerød, Denmark) and total, diffusible and micellar content of minerals were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Backward interval partial least squares algorithm was applied to exclude uninformative spectral regions and build prediction models for total, diffusible and micellar minerals content. Results showed that backward interval partial least squares analysis improved the predictive ability of the models for the studied traits compared with traditional partial least squares approach. Overall, the predictive ability of mid-infrared prediction models was moderate to low, with a ratio of performance to deviation in cross-validation that ranged from 1.15 for micellar K to 2.73 for total P.

ACS Style

Marco Franzoi; Giovanni Niero; Mauro Penasa; Massimo De Marchi. Development of Infrared Prediction Models for Diffusible and Micellar Minerals in Bovine Milk. Animals 2019, 9, 430 .

AMA Style

Marco Franzoi, Giovanni Niero, Mauro Penasa, Massimo De Marchi. Development of Infrared Prediction Models for Diffusible and Micellar Minerals in Bovine Milk. Animals. 2019; 9 (7):430.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Franzoi; Giovanni Niero; Mauro Penasa; Massimo De Marchi. 2019. "Development of Infrared Prediction Models for Diffusible and Micellar Minerals in Bovine Milk." Animals 9, no. 7: 430.

Validation study
Published: 01 June 2019 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Adequate milk consumption significantly contributes to meeting the human iodine recommended daily intake, which ranges from 70 µg/d for infants to 200 µg/d for lactating women. The fulfilment of iodine recommended daily intake is fundamental to prevent serious clinical diseases such as cretinism in infants and goiter in adults. In the present study iodine content was measured in raw and processed commercial cow milk, as well as in raw buffalo, goat, sheep, and donkey milk. Iodine extraction was based on 0.6% (vol/vol) ammonia, whereas iodine detection and quantification were carried out through an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer analyzer. Among processed commercial cow milk, partially skimmed pasteurized milk had the greatest iodine content (359.42 µg/kg) and raw milk the lowest (166.92 µg/kg). With regard to the other dairy species, the greatest iodine content was found in raw goat milk (575.42 µg/kg), followed by raw buffalo (229.82 µg/kg), sheep (192.64 µg/kg), and donkey milk (7.06 µg/kg). Repeatability of milk iodine content, calculated as relative standard deviation of 5 measurements within a day or operator, ranged from 0.96 to 1.84% and 0.72 to 1.16%, respectively. The overall reproducibility of milk iodine content, calculated as relative standard deviation of 45 measurements across 3 d of analyses and 3 operators, was 4.01%. These results underline the precision of the proposed analytical method for the determination of iodine content in milk.

ACS Style

G. Niero; M. Franzoi; Vania Vigolo; M. Penasa; M. Cassandro; Carlo Boselli; G. Giangolini; M. De Marchi. Validation of a gold standard method for iodine quantification in raw and processed milk, and its variation in different dairy species. Journal of Dairy Science 2019, 102, 4808 -4815.

AMA Style

G. Niero, M. Franzoi, Vania Vigolo, M. Penasa, M. Cassandro, Carlo Boselli, G. Giangolini, M. De Marchi. Validation of a gold standard method for iodine quantification in raw and processed milk, and its variation in different dairy species. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019; 102 (6):4808-4815.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Niero; M. Franzoi; Vania Vigolo; M. Penasa; M. Cassandro; Carlo Boselli; G. Giangolini; M. De Marchi. 2019. "Validation of a gold standard method for iodine quantification in raw and processed milk, and its variation in different dairy species." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 6: 4808-4815.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2019 in Animals
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This study aimed to investigate factors affecting protein fractions, namely α-casein (α-CN), β-casein (β-CN), κ-casein (κ-CN), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) predicted from milk infrared spectra in milk of dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds. The dataset comprised 735,328 observations from 49,049 cows in 1782 herds. Results highlighted significant differences of protein fractions in milk of the studied breeds. Significant variations of protein fractions were found also through parities and lactation, with the latter thoroughly influencing protein fractions percentage. Interesting correlations (r) were estimated between β-CN, κ-CN and β-LG, expressed as percentage of crude protein, and milk urea nitrogen (r = 0.31, −0.20 and −0.26, respectively) and between α-LA and fat percentage (r = 0.41). The present study paves the way for future studies on the associations between protein fractions and milk technological properties, and for the estimation of genetic parameters of predicted protein composition.

ACS Style

Marco Franzoi; Giovanni Niero; Giulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. Variation of Detailed Protein Composition of Cow Milk Predicted from a Large Database of Mid-Infrared Spectra. Animals 2019, 9, 176 .

AMA Style

Marco Franzoi, Giovanni Niero, Giulio Visentin, Mauro Penasa, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi. Variation of Detailed Protein Composition of Cow Milk Predicted from a Large Database of Mid-Infrared Spectra. Animals. 2019; 9 (4):176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Franzoi; Giovanni Niero; Giulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. 2019. "Variation of Detailed Protein Composition of Cow Milk Predicted from a Large Database of Mid-Infrared Spectra." Animals 9, no. 4: 176.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2019 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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ACS Style

Chiara Roveglia; Giovanni Niero; Mauro Penasa; Raffaella Finocchiaro; Maurizio Marusi; Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos; Martino Cassandro. Phenotypic analysis of milk composition, milk urea nitrogen and somatic cell score of Italian Jersey cattle breed. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2019, 18, 405 -409.

AMA Style

Chiara Roveglia, Giovanni Niero, Mauro Penasa, Raffaella Finocchiaro, Maurizio Marusi, Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos, Martino Cassandro. Phenotypic analysis of milk composition, milk urea nitrogen and somatic cell score of Italian Jersey cattle breed. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2019; 18 (1):405-409.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Roveglia; Giovanni Niero; Mauro Penasa; Raffaella Finocchiaro; Maurizio Marusi; Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos; Martino Cassandro. 2019. "Phenotypic analysis of milk composition, milk urea nitrogen and somatic cell score of Italian Jersey cattle breed." Italian Journal of Animal Science 18, no. 1: 405-409.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Animal
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Milk mineral concentration is important from both the perspective of processing milk into dairy products and its nutritive value for human consumption. Precise estimates of genetic parameters for milk mineral concentration are lacking because of the considerable resources required to collect vast phenotypes quantities. The milk concentration of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and phosphorus (P) in the present study was quantified from mid-IR spectroscopy on 12 223 test-day records from 1717 Holstein-Friesian cows. (Co)variance components were estimated using random regressions to model both the additive genetic and within-lactation permanent environmental variances of each trait. The coefficient of genetic variation averaged across days-in-milk (DIM) was 6.93%, 3.46%, 6.55%, 5.20% and 6.68% for Ca, K, Mg, Na and P concentration, respectively; heritability estimates varied across lactation from 0.31±0.05 (5 DIM) to 0.67±0.04 (181 DIM) for Ca, from 0.18±0.03 (60 DIM) to 0.24±0.05 (305 DIM) for K, from 0.08±0.03 (15 DIM) to 0.37±0.03 (223 DIM) for Mg, from 0.16±0.03 (30 DIM) to 0.37±0.04 (305 DIM) for Na and from 0.21±0.04 (12 DIM) to 0.57±0.04 (211 DIM) for P. Genetic correlations within the same trait across different DIM were almost unity between adjacent DIM but weakened as the time interval between pairwise compared DIM lengthened; genetic correlations were weaker than 0.80 only when comparing both peripheries of the lactation. The analysis of the geometry of the additive genetic covariance matrix revealed that almost 90% of the additive genetic variation was accounted by the intercept term of the covariance functions for each trait. Milk protein concentration and mineral concentration were, in general, positively genetically correlated with each other across DIM, whereas milk fat concentration was positively genetically correlated throughout the entire lactation with Ca, K and Mg; the genetic correlation with fat concentration changed from negative to positive with Na and P at 243 DIM and 50 DIM, respectively. Genetic correlations between somatic cell score and Na ranged from 0.38±0.21 (5 DIM) to 0.79±0.18 (305 DIM). Exploitable genetic variation existed for all milk minerals, although many national breeding objectives are probably contributing to an indirect positive response to selection in milk mineral concentration.

ACS Style

G. Visentin; G. Niero; Donagh Berry; Angela Costa; M. Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi; M. Penasa. Genetic (co)variances between milk mineral concentration and chemical composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Animal 2019, 13, 477 -486.

AMA Style

G. Visentin, G. Niero, Donagh Berry, Angela Costa, M. Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi, M. Penasa. Genetic (co)variances between milk mineral concentration and chemical composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Animal. 2019; 13 (3):477-486.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Visentin; G. Niero; Donagh Berry; Angela Costa; M. Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi; M. Penasa. 2019. "Genetic (co)variances between milk mineral concentration and chemical composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows." Animal 13, no. 3: 477-486.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2018 in International Dairy Journal
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The phenotypic variation of milk total antioxidant activity (TAA) and the ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict this novel trait was investigated. Total antioxidant activity was measured through the reference spectrophotometric method on 1249 individual milk samples of Holstein Friesian cows. Sources of variation of milk TAA were investigated using a mixed model, which included the fixed effects of days in milk, parity and calving season, and the random effects of herd-test-date and error. Mid-infrared spectroscopy prediction models were developed using partial least squares regression approach. The average level of milk TAA was 6.93 mmoL L-1 of Trolox equivalents; this exhibited a coefficient of variation of 15% and showed moderate phenotypic correlations with milk quality traits. Values of TAA were lower in early lactation than in late lactation. Mid-infrared spectroscopy prediction models reached a coefficient of determination in external validation of 0.41, suggesting that they are not adequate for analytical purposes.

ACS Style

Giovanni Niero; Mauro Penasa; Angela Costa; Sarah Currò; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. Total antioxidant activity of bovine milk: Phenotypic variation and predictive ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy. International Dairy Journal 2018, 89, 105 -110.

AMA Style

Giovanni Niero, Mauro Penasa, Angela Costa, Sarah Currò, Giulio Visentin, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi. Total antioxidant activity of bovine milk: Phenotypic variation and predictive ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy. International Dairy Journal. 2018; 89 ():105-110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Niero; Mauro Penasa; Angela Costa; Sarah Currò; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. 2018. "Total antioxidant activity of bovine milk: Phenotypic variation and predictive ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy." International Dairy Journal 89, no. : 105-110.

Validation study
Published: 01 August 2018 in Journal of Dairy Science
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In the present study, a methanol-fluorescence-based HPLC method was validated for its use to quantify α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol in raw milk, whole UHT milk, partially skimmed UHT milk, whole pasteurized milk, and partially skimmed pasteurized milk. Repeatability and reproducibility, calculated as relative standard deviation of 10 measurements within the same day and 30 measurements across 3 d, respectively, were always below 5% for both tocopherols concentrations and retention times. Recovery was assessed through 3 spiking levels and it ranged from 89 to 107%. The method was able to detect the expected declines in tocopherols in milk exposed to UHT or skimming treatments. Vitamin E, calculated as the sum of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, was similar in whole pasteurized and raw milk, averaging 1.57 and 1.56 mg/L, respectively, followed by whole UHT (1.33 mg/L), partially skimmed pasteurized (0.77 mg/L), and partially skimmed UHT milk (0.61 mg/L).

ACS Style

G. Niero; M. Penasa; J. Berard; M. Kreuzer; M. Cassandro; M. De Marchi. Technical note: Development and validation of an HPLC method for the quantification of tocopherols in different types of commercial cow milk. Journal of Dairy Science 2018, 101, 6866 -6871.

AMA Style

G. Niero, M. Penasa, J. Berard, M. Kreuzer, M. Cassandro, M. De Marchi. Technical note: Development and validation of an HPLC method for the quantification of tocopherols in different types of commercial cow milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 2018; 101 (8):6866-6871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Niero; M. Penasa; J. Berard; M. Kreuzer; M. Cassandro; M. De Marchi. 2018. "Technical note: Development and validation of an HPLC method for the quantification of tocopherols in different types of commercial cow milk." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 8: 6866-6871.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Dairy Science
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ACS Style

G. Niero; S. Currò; A. Costa; M. Penasa; M. Cassandro; Carlo Boselli; G. Giangolini; M. De Marchi. Short communication: Phenotypic characterization of total antioxidant activity of buffalo, goat, and sheep milk. Journal of Dairy Science 2018, 101, 4864 -4868.

AMA Style

G. Niero, S. Currò, A. Costa, M. Penasa, M. Cassandro, Carlo Boselli, G. Giangolini, M. De Marchi. Short communication: Phenotypic characterization of total antioxidant activity of buffalo, goat, and sheep milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 2018; 101 (6):4864-4868.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Niero; S. Currò; A. Costa; M. Penasa; M. Cassandro; Carlo Boselli; G. Giangolini; M. De Marchi. 2018. "Short communication: Phenotypic characterization of total antioxidant activity of buffalo, goat, and sheep milk." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 6: 4864-4868.

Paper
Published: 22 March 2018 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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Summer transhumance is often practiced in mountainous farming systems. It includes moving dairy cows from lowland (LO) to highland (HI) pastures during summer. It is known that high genetic merit cows are susceptible to the HI conditions, but it is unclear if this also applies to more adapted, regional cow types. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HI sojourn on cheese-making properties of Aosta Red Pied cows, a dual purpose cattle type. Milk coagulation properties were measured in the milk of 47 cows before and after transhumance. Sources of variation were investigated using linear mixed models, including parity, site, milking time, the interaction parity × site, milking time × site and milking time × parity. Cow was nested within site, and used as subject for repetition, and sampling date was included as repeated factor. Curd-firming time and curd firmness did not vary between LO and HI, whereas rennet coagulation time was prolonged in HI compared to LO in both primiparous (16.4 vs. 18.5 min) and multiparous cows (17.5 vs. 21.1 min, respectively). The percentage of non-coagulating samples was greater in HI (15.0%) compared to LO (8.5%). The lower milk reactivity to rennet addition in HI seems to be mostly related to the simultaneously increasing somatic cell score. Morning and evening milk were similar in coagulation properties. In conclusion, even indigenous dual purpose cows were affected by HI conditions and the experience the multiparous cows had with the transhumance was not helpful either.

ACS Style

Giovanni Niero; Madeline Koczura; Massimo De Marchi; Sarah Currò; Michael Kreuzer; Germano Turille; Joel Berard. Are cheese-making properties of dual purpose cattle impaired by highland grazing? A case study using Aosta Red Pied cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2018, 17, 827 -834.

AMA Style

Giovanni Niero, Madeline Koczura, Massimo De Marchi, Sarah Currò, Michael Kreuzer, Germano Turille, Joel Berard. Are cheese-making properties of dual purpose cattle impaired by highland grazing? A case study using Aosta Red Pied cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 17 (4):827-834.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Niero; Madeline Koczura; Massimo De Marchi; Sarah Currò; Michael Kreuzer; Germano Turille; Joel Berard. 2018. "Are cheese-making properties of dual purpose cattle impaired by highland grazing? A case study using Aosta Red Pied cows." Italian Journal of Animal Science 17, no. 4: 827-834.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Journal of Dairy Science
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ACS Style

M. Franzoi; G. Niero; M. Penasa; M. Cassandro; M. De Marchi. Technical note: Development and validation of a new method for the quantification of soluble and micellar calcium, magnesium, and potassium in milk. Journal of Dairy Science 2018, 101, 1883 -1888.

AMA Style

M. Franzoi, G. Niero, M. Penasa, M. Cassandro, M. De Marchi. Technical note: Development and validation of a new method for the quantification of soluble and micellar calcium, magnesium, and potassium in milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 2018; 101 (3):1883-1888.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Franzoi; G. Niero; M. Penasa; M. Cassandro; M. De Marchi. 2018. "Technical note: Development and validation of a new method for the quantification of soluble and micellar calcium, magnesium, and potassium in milk." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 3: 1883-1888.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2017 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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Population-level phenotyping is, for some traits, hardly achievable due to limitation of reference analyses. Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) is a quick and cost-effective laboratory technique allowing the prediction of innovative milk quality features on a large scale. The present study aimed at investigating factors associated with milk Ca, K, Mg, Na and P contents predicted by MIRS models on a large multi-breed spectral data set of 123,240 test-day records. Two dairy (Holstein–Friesian and Brown Swiss) and two dual-purpose (Simmental and Alpine Grey) cattle breeds were considered. Sources of variation of predicted milk mineral contents were studied using linear mixed models, including the fixed effects of breed, month of sampling, stage of lactation, parity and interactions between the main effects. Random factors were herd nested within breed, cow nested within breed and the residual. Calcium content was greater in milk of dual-purpose than dairy cattle breeds. Simmental cows produced milk with the greatest content of Ca and Na, and milk of Holstein-Friesian had the lowest P content. Variation of content of Ca, Mg, Na and P throughout lactations exhibited an opposite trend to that of milk yield, with the lowest values around the peak of lactation. On the other hand, K content mirrored the trend of milk yield. Multiparous cows had lower content of milk minerals, with the exception of Na, compared with first parity animals. Environmental factors identified in the present study can be considered for within-breed genetic evaluation to adjust records of milk mineral contents for these effects.

ACS Style

Giulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Giovanni Niero; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. Phenotypic characterisation of major mineral composition predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy in cow milk. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2017, 17, 549 -556.

AMA Style

Giulio Visentin, Mauro Penasa, Giovanni Niero, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi. Phenotypic characterisation of major mineral composition predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy in cow milk. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2017; 17 (3):549-556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulio Visentin; Mauro Penasa; Giovanni Niero; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. 2017. "Phenotypic characterisation of major mineral composition predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy in cow milk." Italian Journal of Animal Science 17, no. 3: 549-556.

Evaluation study
Published: 01 April 2017 in Food Chemistry
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In the present study a spectrophotometric method for the determination of total antioxidant activity (TAA) based on ABTS assay was developed and validated on raw milk (RM), whole UHT milk (WUM), partially skimmed UHT milk (SUM), whole pasteurised milk (WM) and partially skimmed pasteurised milk (SM). The most suitable solvent for antioxidant extraction was 80% acetone. Regardless of the type of milk, the coefficient of determination from the linearity test was greater than 0.95. The limit of detection ranged from 0.74 to 6.07μmoll Trolox equivalents. Repeatability, calculated as relative standard deviation of twenty measurements within a day, and reproducibility, calculated as relative standard deviation of sixty measurements across three days, ranged from 1.24 to 4.04% and from 2.18 to 3.52%, respectively. Preservative added to RM had negligible effects on the TAA of milk. The greatest TAA was measured for SM followed by SUM, RM, WM and WUM.

ACS Style

G. Niero; M. Penasa; Sarah Currò; Antonio Masi; A.R. Trentin; M. Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. Development and validation of a near infrared spectrophotometric method to determine total antioxidant activity of milk. Food Chemistry 2017, 220, 371 -376.

AMA Style

G. Niero, M. Penasa, Sarah Currò, Antonio Masi, A.R. Trentin, M. Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi. Development and validation of a near infrared spectrophotometric method to determine total antioxidant activity of milk. Food Chemistry. 2017; 220 ():371-376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Niero; M. Penasa; Sarah Currò; Antonio Masi; A.R. Trentin; M. Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi. 2017. "Development and validation of a near infrared spectrophotometric method to determine total antioxidant activity of milk." Food Chemistry 220, no. : 371-376.