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Annette L Hirsch; Jason P Evans; Christopher Thomas; Brooke Conroy; Melissa A Hart; Mathew Lipson; William Ertler. Resolving the influence of local flows on urban heat amplification during heatwaves. Environmental Research Letters 2021, 16, 064066 .
AMA StyleAnnette L Hirsch, Jason P Evans, Christopher Thomas, Brooke Conroy, Melissa A Hart, Mathew Lipson, William Ertler. Resolving the influence of local flows on urban heat amplification during heatwaves. Environmental Research Letters. 2021; 16 (6):064066.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnette L Hirsch; Jason P Evans; Christopher Thomas; Brooke Conroy; Melissa A Hart; Mathew Lipson; William Ertler. 2021. "Resolving the influence of local flows on urban heat amplification during heatwaves." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 6: 064066.
We present initial results of the Urban-PLUMBER international model evaluation project. This project assesses the performance of land surface models used in meteorological simulations of urban areas. Phase 1 included 24 models of varying complexity, from simple slab models through to multi-layer urban canopy models.
54 model output variables are requested, including primary surface energy fluxes, anthropogenic heat and moisture fluxes, soil variables, albedo, canopy and building air temperatures. This rich dataset is used to both compare model outputs with observations and to understand factors contributing to model performance.
The project involved a number of other innovations including:
We also discuss the initial stages of Phase 2 which involves testing models at many urban sites. From the known global urban flux tower observations, following assessment, 25 are selected to capture a range of urban characteristics and climates. Surface characteristics are gathered, observations quality controlled and prepended with ten years of bias corrected ERA5 meteorological data for spinup. This new standardised urban flux tower dataset will become a valuable tool in future urban modelling projects.
Mathew Lipson; Sue Grimmond; Martin Best; Urban-Plumber Team. Urban-PLUMBER model evaluation project: initial results. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMathew Lipson, Sue Grimmond, Martin Best, Urban-Plumber Team. Urban-PLUMBER model evaluation project: initial results. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathew Lipson; Sue Grimmond; Martin Best; Urban-Plumber Team. 2021. "Urban-PLUMBER model evaluation project: initial results." , no. : 1.
Geological archives record multiple reversals of Earth’s magnetic poles, but the global impacts of these events, if any, remain unclear. Uncertain radiocarbon calibration has limited investigation of the potential effects of the last major magnetic inversion, known as the Laschamps Excursion [41 to 42 thousand years ago (ka)]. We use ancient New Zealand kauri trees (Agathis australis) to develop a detailed record of atmospheric radiocarbon levels across the Laschamps Excursion. We precisely characterize the geomagnetic reversal and perform global chemistry-climate modeling and detailed radiocarbon dating of paleoenvironmental records to investigate impacts. We find that geomagnetic field minima ~42 ka, in combination with Grand Solar Minima, caused substantial changes in atmospheric ozone concentration and circulation, driving synchronous global climate shifts that caused major environmental changes, extinction events, and transformations in the archaeological record.
Alan Cooper; Chris S. M. Turney; Jonathan Palmer; Alan Hogg; Matt McGlone; Janet Wilmshurst; Andrew M. Lorrey; Timothy J. Heaton; James M. Russell; Ken McCracken; Julien G. Anet; Eugene Rozanov; Marina Friedel; Ivo Suter; Thomas Peter; Raimund Muscheler; Florian Adolphi; Anthony Dosseto; J. Tyler Faith; Pavla Fenwick; Christopher J. Fogwill; Konrad Hughen; Mathew Lipson; Jiabo Liu; Norbert Nowaczyk; Eleanor Rainsley; Christopher Bronk Ramsey; Paolo Sebastianelli; Yassine Souilmi; Janelle Stevenson; Zoë Thomas; Raymond Tobler; Roland Zech. A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago. Science 2021, 371, 811 -818.
AMA StyleAlan Cooper, Chris S. M. Turney, Jonathan Palmer, Alan Hogg, Matt McGlone, Janet Wilmshurst, Andrew M. Lorrey, Timothy J. Heaton, James M. Russell, Ken McCracken, Julien G. Anet, Eugene Rozanov, Marina Friedel, Ivo Suter, Thomas Peter, Raimund Muscheler, Florian Adolphi, Anthony Dosseto, J. Tyler Faith, Pavla Fenwick, Christopher J. Fogwill, Konrad Hughen, Mathew Lipson, Jiabo Liu, Norbert Nowaczyk, Eleanor Rainsley, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Paolo Sebastianelli, Yassine Souilmi, Janelle Stevenson, Zoë Thomas, Raymond Tobler, Roland Zech. A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago. Science. 2021; 371 (6531):811-818.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlan Cooper; Chris S. M. Turney; Jonathan Palmer; Alan Hogg; Matt McGlone; Janet Wilmshurst; Andrew M. Lorrey; Timothy J. Heaton; James M. Russell; Ken McCracken; Julien G. Anet; Eugene Rozanov; Marina Friedel; Ivo Suter; Thomas Peter; Raimund Muscheler; Florian Adolphi; Anthony Dosseto; J. Tyler Faith; Pavla Fenwick; Christopher J. Fogwill; Konrad Hughen; Mathew Lipson; Jiabo Liu; Norbert Nowaczyk; Eleanor Rainsley; Christopher Bronk Ramsey; Paolo Sebastianelli; Yassine Souilmi; Janelle Stevenson; Zoë Thomas; Raymond Tobler; Roland Zech. 2021. "A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago." Science 371, no. 6531: 811-818.
Human health is a key pillar of modern conceptions of sustainability. Humanity pays a considerable price for its dependence on fossil-fueled energy systems, which must be addressed for sustainable urban development. Public hospitals are focal points for communities and have an opportunity to lead the transition to renewable energy. We have reimagined the healthcare energy ecosystem with sustainable technologies to transform hospitals into networked clean energy hubs. In this concept design, hydrogen is used to couple energy with other on-site medical resource demands, and vanadium flow battery technology is used to engage the public with energy systems. This multi-generation system would reduce harmful emissions while providing reliable services, tackling the linked issues of human and environmental health.
Nicholas Gurieff; Donna Green; Ilpo Koskinen; Mathew Lipson; Mark Baldry; Andrew Maddocks; Chris Menictas; Jens Noack; Behdad Moghtaderi; Elham Doroodchi. Healthy Power: Reimagining Hospitals as Sustainable Energy Hubs. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8554 .
AMA StyleNicholas Gurieff, Donna Green, Ilpo Koskinen, Mathew Lipson, Mark Baldry, Andrew Maddocks, Chris Menictas, Jens Noack, Behdad Moghtaderi, Elham Doroodchi. Healthy Power: Reimagining Hospitals as Sustainable Energy Hubs. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicholas Gurieff; Donna Green; Ilpo Koskinen; Mathew Lipson; Mark Baldry; Andrew Maddocks; Chris Menictas; Jens Noack; Behdad Moghtaderi; Elham Doroodchi. 2020. "Healthy Power: Reimagining Hospitals as Sustainable Energy Hubs." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8554.
We welcome participants in the new project to evaluate land surface models (LSMs) in urban areas at multiple sites. Urban-PLUMBER will evaluate both specialised urban parameterisations and general LSMs typically used in weather/climate simulations. Assessment will be offline (uncoupled with an atmosphere model), with driving meteorology and general site characteristics provided at the neighbourhood scale.
The project builds upon the PLUMBER project (PALS Land sUrface Model Benchmarking Evaluation pRoject) by assessing models using simple benchmarks as well as error metrics. The PLUMBER experience indicates benchmarking can reveal where LSMs are not utilising available information effectively, helping focus future model development.
The project’s two phases are: 1) initial evaluation at one suburban site and 2) evaluation across multiple sites with varying degrees urbanised and vegetation/pervious fractions. The project will establish where on the urbanised/vegetated continuum models are more skilful, and assess the progress made in modelling urban areas over the last decade since the last major offline urban model comparison project (PILPS-Urban).
We expect the project to benefit both participating modelling groups and improve understanding of modelling urban areas as a whole. Contact us to get involved.
Mathew J. Lipson; Sue Grimmond; Martin J. Best; Gab Abramowitz; Andrew J. Pitman; Helen C. Ward. Urban-PLUMBER: A new evaluation and benchmarking project for land surface models in urban areas. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMathew J. Lipson, Sue Grimmond, Martin J. Best, Gab Abramowitz, Andrew J. Pitman, Helen C. Ward. Urban-PLUMBER: A new evaluation and benchmarking project for land surface models in urban areas. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathew J. Lipson; Sue Grimmond; Martin J. Best; Gab Abramowitz; Andrew J. Pitman; Helen C. Ward. 2020. "Urban-PLUMBER: A new evaluation and benchmarking project for land surface models in urban areas." , no. : 1.
Social, technological and climatic changes will transform the way energy is consumed over the 21st century, with important implications for energy networks and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we develop a method to efficiently explore climate-energy interactions under various scenarios of climate, urban infrastructure and technological change. We couple the Urban Climate and Energy Model (UCLEM) with the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) as a full-height single column and drive the model with a series of global climate model simulations in an ensemble approach. The framework is evaluated against observations, then a series of century-scale simulations are undertaken to examine projected climate change impacts on electricity and gas demand in the temperate/ oceanic climate of Melbourne, Australia. With air-conditioning ownership remaining at early 21st century levels, and in the absence of other changes, climate change under radiative forcing RCP 8.5 increases peak electricity demand by 10%, and decreases peak gas demand by 22% between 2000-2100. However, if projected increases in air-conditioning ownership are considered, peak electricity demand increases by 84%, surpassing peak gas demand in the second half of the century. These findings highlight the complex nature of changes facing energy networks. Changes will be location and scenario dependent.
Mathew J Lipson; Marcus J Thatcher; Melissa Anne Hart; Andrew Pitman. Climate change impact on energy demand in building-urban-atmosphere simulations through the 21st century. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 125014 .
AMA StyleMathew J Lipson, Marcus J Thatcher, Melissa Anne Hart, Andrew Pitman. Climate change impact on energy demand in building-urban-atmosphere simulations through the 21st century. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (12):125014.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathew J Lipson; Marcus J Thatcher; Melissa Anne Hart; Andrew Pitman. 2019. "Climate change impact on energy demand in building-urban-atmosphere simulations through the 21st century." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 12: 125014.
The New Zealand subantarctic islands of Auckland and Campbell, situated between the subtropical front and the Antarctic Convergence in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, provide valuable terrestrial records from a globally important climatic region. Whilst the islands show clear evidence of past glaciation, the timing and mechanisms behind Pleistocene environmental and climate changes remain uncertain. Here we present a multidisciplinary study of the islands – including marine and terrestrial geomorphological surveys, extensive analyses of sedimentary sequences, a comprehensive dating programme, and glacier flow line modelling – to investigate multiple phases of glaciation across the islands. We find evidence that the Auckland Islands hosted a small ice cap 384 000 ± 26 000 years ago (384±26 ka), most likely during Marine Isotope Stage 10, a period when the subtropical front was reportedly north of its present-day latitude by several degrees, and consistent with hemispheric-wide glacial expansion. Flow line modelling constrained by field evidence suggests a more restricted glacial period prior to the LGM that formed substantial valley glaciers on the Campbell and Auckland Islands around 72–62 ka. Despite previous interpretations that suggest the maximum glacial extent occurred in the form of valley glaciation at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼21 ka), our combined approach suggests minimal LGM glaciation across the New Zealand subantarctic islands and that no glaciers were present during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR; ∼15–13 ka). Instead, modelling implies that despite a regional mean annual air temperature depression of ∼5 ∘C during the LGM, a combination of high seasonality and low precipitation left the islands incapable of sustaining significant glaciation. We suggest that northwards expansion of winter sea ice during the LGM and subsequent ACR led to precipitation starvation across the middle to high latitudes of the Southern Ocean, resulting in restricted glaciation of the subantarctic islands.
Eleanor Rainsley; Chris S. M. Turney; Nicholas R. Golledge; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Matt S. McGlone; Alan G. Hogg; Bo Li; Zoë A. Thomas; Richard Roberts; Richard T. Jones; Jonathan G. Palmer; Verity Flett; Gregory de Wet; David K. Hutchinson; Mathew J. Lipson; Pavla Fenwick; Ben R. Hines; Umberto Binetti; Christopher J. Fogwill. Pleistocene glacial history of the New Zealand subantarctic islands. Climate of the Past 2019, 15, 423 -448.
AMA StyleEleanor Rainsley, Chris S. M. Turney, Nicholas R. Golledge, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Matt S. McGlone, Alan G. Hogg, Bo Li, Zoë A. Thomas, Richard Roberts, Richard T. Jones, Jonathan G. Palmer, Verity Flett, Gregory de Wet, David K. Hutchinson, Mathew J. Lipson, Pavla Fenwick, Ben R. Hines, Umberto Binetti, Christopher J. Fogwill. Pleistocene glacial history of the New Zealand subantarctic islands. Climate of the Past. 2019; 15 (2):423-448.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEleanor Rainsley; Chris S. M. Turney; Nicholas R. Golledge; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Matt S. McGlone; Alan G. Hogg; Bo Li; Zoë A. Thomas; Richard Roberts; Richard T. Jones; Jonathan G. Palmer; Verity Flett; Gregory de Wet; David K. Hutchinson; Mathew J. Lipson; Pavla Fenwick; Ben R. Hines; Umberto Binetti; Christopher J. Fogwill. 2019. "Pleistocene glacial history of the New Zealand subantarctic islands." Climate of the Past 15, no. 2: 423-448.
Cities are unique environments where anthropogenic waste heat from energy consumption changes the dynamics of the boundary layer, affecting temperatures, pollution dispersion and buoyancy driven flows. Although urban environments are important for societal wellbeing, there are relatively few models that link predictions of waste heat variability with urban climate interactions. This study presents UCLEM: a new physically based model representing important heat transfer processes between the atmosphere, external and internal urban environments, combined with a statistical model of human behaviours relating to energy use. The aim of UCLEM is to efficiently predict the climatology of different urban areas, as well as the energy used to maintain comfortable temperatures within buildings. The model is designed to be easily adaptable to a wide range of urban settings with adjustable parameters including building height, density, material thermal and radiative characteristics and vegetation fractions. We assess UCLEM’s ability to predict energy consumption for a neighbourhood of Melbourne Australia, forced by local flux tower observations and evaluated at half‐hourly intervals over twelve months. Results are presented in four development stages to assess various levels of physical and behavioural model complexity. We show that more complete physical representations can improve average daily energy consumption predictions, however, sub‐daily patterns of energy use are improved only by combining the physics‐based model with a statistical model of human behaviour. At the final stage, as well as predicting surface‐atmosphere radiant and turbulent fluxes, UCLEM estimates neighbourhood energy demand with a normalised mean error of 11.5% and a computation time on a single processor of about one second per simulation year.
Mathew J. Lipson; Marcus Thatcher; Melissa A. Hart; Andrew Pitman. A building energy demand and urban land surface model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 2018, 144, 1572 -1590.
AMA StyleMathew J. Lipson, Marcus Thatcher, Melissa A. Hart, Andrew Pitman. A building energy demand and urban land surface model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2018; 144 (714):1572-1590.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathew J. Lipson; Marcus Thatcher; Melissa A. Hart; Andrew Pitman. 2018. "A building energy demand and urban land surface model." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 144, no. 714: 1572-1590.
Anthropogenic activity is now recognised as having profoundly and permanently altered the Earth system, suggesting we have entered a human-dominated geological epoch, the ‘Anthropocene’. To formally define the onset of the Anthropocene, a synchronous global signature within geological-forming materials is required. Here we report a series of precisely-dated tree-ring records from Campbell Island (Southern Ocean) that capture peak atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) resulting from Northern Hemisphere-dominated thermonuclear bomb tests during the 1950s and 1960s. The only alien tree on the island, a Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), allows us to seasonally-resolve Southern Hemisphere atmospheric 14C, demonstrating the ‘bomb peak’ in this remote and pristine location occurred in the last-quarter of 1965 (October-December), coincident with the broader changes associated with the post-World War II ‘Great Acceleration’ in industrial capacity and consumption. Our findings provide a precisely-resolved potential Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) or ‘golden spike’, marking the onset of the Anthropocene Epoch.
Chris S. M. Turney; Jonathan Palmer; Mark A. Maslin; Alan Hogg; Christopher J. Fogwill; John Southon; Pavla Fenwick; Gerhard Helle; Janet Wilmshurst; Matt McGlone; Christopher Bronk Ramsey; Zoë Thomas; Mathew Lipson; Brent Beaven; Richard T. Jones; Oliver Andrews; Quan Hua. Global Peak in Atmospheric Radiocarbon Provides a Potential Definition for the Onset of the Anthropocene Epoch in 1965. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 1 -10.
AMA StyleChris S. M. Turney, Jonathan Palmer, Mark A. Maslin, Alan Hogg, Christopher J. Fogwill, John Southon, Pavla Fenwick, Gerhard Helle, Janet Wilmshurst, Matt McGlone, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Zoë Thomas, Mathew Lipson, Brent Beaven, Richard T. Jones, Oliver Andrews, Quan Hua. Global Peak in Atmospheric Radiocarbon Provides a Potential Definition for the Onset of the Anthropocene Epoch in 1965. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris S. M. Turney; Jonathan Palmer; Mark A. Maslin; Alan Hogg; Christopher J. Fogwill; John Southon; Pavla Fenwick; Gerhard Helle; Janet Wilmshurst; Matt McGlone; Christopher Bronk Ramsey; Zoë Thomas; Mathew Lipson; Brent Beaven; Richard T. Jones; Oliver Andrews; Quan Hua. 2018. "Global Peak in Atmospheric Radiocarbon Provides a Potential Definition for the Onset of the Anthropocene Epoch in 1965." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 1-10.
Occupying about 14 % of the world's surface, the Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in ocean and atmosphere circulation, carbon cycling and Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics. Unfortunately, high interannual variability and a dearth of instrumental observations before the 1950s limits our understanding of how marine–atmosphere–ice domains interact on multi-decadal timescales and the impact of anthropogenic forcing. Here we integrate climate-sensitive tree growth with ocean and atmospheric observations on southwest Pacific subantarctic islands that lie at the boundary of polar and subtropical climates (52–54° S). Our annually resolved temperature reconstruction captures regional change since the 1870s and demonstrates a significant increase in variability from the 1940s, a phenomenon predating the observational record. Climate reanalysis and modelling show a parallel change in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures that generate an atmospheric Rossby wave train which propagates across a large part of the Southern Hemisphere during the austral spring and summer. Our results suggest that modern observed high interannual variability was established across the mid-twentieth century, and that the influence of contemporary equatorial Pacific temperatures may now be a permanent feature across the mid- to high latitudes.
Chris S. M. Turney; Christopher J. Fogwill; Jonathan G. Palmer; Erik van Sebille; Zoë Thomas; Matt McGlone; Sarah Richardson; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Pavla Fenwick; Violette Zunz; Hugues Goosse; Kerry-Jayne Wilson; Lionel Carter; Mathew Lipson; Richard T. Jones; Melanie Harsch; Graeme Clark; Ezequiel Marzinelli; Tracey Rogers; Eleanor Rainsley; Laura Ciasto; Stephanie Waterman; Elizabeth R. Thomas; Martin Visbeck. Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperature reconstruction. Climate of the Past 2017, 13, 231 -248.
AMA StyleChris S. M. Turney, Christopher J. Fogwill, Jonathan G. Palmer, Erik van Sebille, Zoë Thomas, Matt McGlone, Sarah Richardson, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Pavla Fenwick, Violette Zunz, Hugues Goosse, Kerry-Jayne Wilson, Lionel Carter, Mathew Lipson, Richard T. Jones, Melanie Harsch, Graeme Clark, Ezequiel Marzinelli, Tracey Rogers, Eleanor Rainsley, Laura Ciasto, Stephanie Waterman, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Martin Visbeck. Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperature reconstruction. Climate of the Past. 2017; 13 (3):231-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris S. M. Turney; Christopher J. Fogwill; Jonathan G. Palmer; Erik van Sebille; Zoë Thomas; Matt McGlone; Sarah Richardson; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Pavla Fenwick; Violette Zunz; Hugues Goosse; Kerry-Jayne Wilson; Lionel Carter; Mathew Lipson; Richard T. Jones; Melanie Harsch; Graeme Clark; Ezequiel Marzinelli; Tracey Rogers; Eleanor Rainsley; Laura Ciasto; Stephanie Waterman; Elizabeth R. Thomas; Martin Visbeck. 2017. "Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperature reconstruction." Climate of the Past 13, no. 3: 231-248.
Intercomparison studies of models simulating the partitioning of energy over urban land surfaces have shown that the heat storage term is often poorly represented. In this study, two implicit discrete schemes representing heat conduction through urban materials are compared. We show that a well-established method of representing conduction systematically underestimates the magnitude of heat storage compared with exact solutions of one-dimensional heat transfer. We propose an alternative method of similar complexity that is better able to match exact solutions at typically employed resolutions. The proposed interface conduction scheme is implemented in an urban land surface model and its impact assessed over a 15-month observation period for a site in Melbourne, Australia, resulting in improved overall model performance for a variety of common material parameter choices and aerodynamic heat transfer parameterisations. The proposed scheme has the potential to benefit land surface models where computational constraints require a high level of discretisation in time and space, for example at neighbourhood/city scales, and where realistic material properties are preferred, for example in studies investigating impacts of urban planning changes.
Mathew J. Lipson; Melissa Hart; Marcus Thatcher. Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in an urban land surface model (aTEB v2.0). Geoscientific Model Development 2017, 10, 991 -1007.
AMA StyleMathew J. Lipson, Melissa Hart, Marcus Thatcher. Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in an urban land surface model (aTEB v2.0). Geoscientific Model Development. 2017; 10 (2):991-1007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathew J. Lipson; Melissa Hart; Marcus Thatcher. 2017. "Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in an urban land surface model (aTEB v2.0)." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 2: 991-1007.
Occupying 14% of the world’s surface, the Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in global climate, ocean circulation, carbon cycling and Antarctic ice-sheet stability. Unfortunately, high interannual variability and a dearth of instrumental observations before the 1950s limits our understanding of how marine-atmosphere-ice domains interact on multi-decadal timescales and the impact of anthropogenic forcing. Here we integrate climate-sensitive tree growth with ocean and atmospheric observations on southwest Pacific subantarctic islands that lie at the boundary of polar and subtropical climates (52–54˚S). Our annually-resolved temperature reconstruction captures regional change since the 1870s and demonstrates a significant increase in variability from the mid-twentieth century, a phenomenon predating the observational record. Climate reanalysis and modelling shows a parallel change in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures that generate an atmospheric Rossby wave train which propagates across a large part of the Southern Hemisphere during the austral spring and summer.
Chris S. M. Turney; Christopher J. Fogwill; Jonathan G. Palmer; Erik van Sebille; Zoë Thomas; Matt McGlone; Sarah Richardson; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Pavla Fenwick; Violette Zunz; Hugues Goosse; Kerry-Jayne Wilson; Lionel Carter; Mathew Lipson; Richard T. Jones; Melanie Harsch; Graeme Clark; Ezequiel Marzinelli; Tracey Rogers; Eleanor Rainsley; Laura Ciasto; Stephanie Waterman; Elizabeth R. Thomas; Martin Visbeck. Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperate reconstruction. 2016, 1 -24.
AMA StyleChris S. M. Turney, Christopher J. Fogwill, Jonathan G. Palmer, Erik van Sebille, Zoë Thomas, Matt McGlone, Sarah Richardson, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Pavla Fenwick, Violette Zunz, Hugues Goosse, Kerry-Jayne Wilson, Lionel Carter, Mathew Lipson, Richard T. Jones, Melanie Harsch, Graeme Clark, Ezequiel Marzinelli, Tracey Rogers, Eleanor Rainsley, Laura Ciasto, Stephanie Waterman, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Martin Visbeck. Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperate reconstruction. . 2016; ():1-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris S. M. Turney; Christopher J. Fogwill; Jonathan G. Palmer; Erik van Sebille; Zoë Thomas; Matt McGlone; Sarah Richardson; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Pavla Fenwick; Violette Zunz; Hugues Goosse; Kerry-Jayne Wilson; Lionel Carter; Mathew Lipson; Richard T. Jones; Melanie Harsch; Graeme Clark; Ezequiel Marzinelli; Tracey Rogers; Eleanor Rainsley; Laura Ciasto; Stephanie Waterman; Elizabeth R. Thomas; Martin Visbeck. 2016. "Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperate reconstruction." , no. : 1-24.
Chris S. M. Turney; Christopher J. Fogwill; Jonathan G. Palmer; Erik van Sebille; Zoë Thomas; Matt McGlone; Sarah Richardson; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Pavla Fenwick; Violette Zunz; Hugues Goosse; Kerry-Jayne Wilson; Lionel Carter; Mathew Lipson; Richard T. Jones; Melanie Harsch; Graeme Clark; Ezequiel Marzinelli; Tracey Rogers; Eleanor Rainsley; Laura Ciasto; Stephanie Waterman; Elizabeth R. Thomas; Martin Visbeck. Supplementary material to "Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperate reconstruction". 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleChris S. M. Turney, Christopher J. Fogwill, Jonathan G. Palmer, Erik van Sebille, Zoë Thomas, Matt McGlone, Sarah Richardson, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Pavla Fenwick, Violette Zunz, Hugues Goosse, Kerry-Jayne Wilson, Lionel Carter, Mathew Lipson, Richard T. Jones, Melanie Harsch, Graeme Clark, Ezequiel Marzinelli, Tracey Rogers, Eleanor Rainsley, Laura Ciasto, Stephanie Waterman, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Martin Visbeck. Supplementary material to "Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperate reconstruction". . 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris S. M. Turney; Christopher J. Fogwill; Jonathan G. Palmer; Erik van Sebille; Zoë Thomas; Matt McGlone; Sarah Richardson; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Pavla Fenwick; Violette Zunz; Hugues Goosse; Kerry-Jayne Wilson; Lionel Carter; Mathew Lipson; Richard T. Jones; Melanie Harsch; Graeme Clark; Ezequiel Marzinelli; Tracey Rogers; Eleanor Rainsley; Laura Ciasto; Stephanie Waterman; Elizabeth R. Thomas; Martin Visbeck. 2016. "Supplementary material to "Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperate reconstruction"." , no. : 1.
Intercomparison studies of models simulating the partitioning of energy over urban land surfaces have shown the heat storage term is often poorly represented. In this study, two implicit discrete schemes representing heat conduction through urban materials are compared. We show that a well-established method of representing conduction systematically underestimates the magnitude of heat storage compared with exact solutions of one-dimensional heat transfer. We propose an alternative method of similar complexity that is better able to match exact solutions at typically employed resolutions. The proposed interface conduction scheme is implemented in an urban land surface model and its impact assessed over a 15-month observation period for a site in Melbourne, Australia, resulting in improved overall model performance for a variety material parameter choices and aerodynamic heat transfer parameterisations. The proposed scheme has the potential to benefit land surface models where computational constraints require a high level of discretisation in time and space, for example at neighbourhood/city scales, and where realistic material properties are preferred, for example in studies investigating impacts of urban planning changes.
Mathew J. Lipson; Melissa A. Hart; Marcus Thatcher. Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in the aTEB urban land surface model. 2016, 2016, 1 -28.
AMA StyleMathew J. Lipson, Melissa A. Hart, Marcus Thatcher. Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in the aTEB urban land surface model. . 2016; 2016 ():1-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathew J. Lipson; Melissa A. Hart; Marcus Thatcher. 2016. "Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in the aTEB urban land surface model." 2016, no. : 1-28.
Mathew J. Lipson; Melissa A. Hart; Marcus Thatcher. Supplementary material to "Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in the aTEB urban land surface model". 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleMathew J. Lipson, Melissa A. Hart, Marcus Thatcher. Supplementary material to "Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in the aTEB urban land surface model". . 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathew J. Lipson; Melissa A. Hart; Marcus Thatcher. 2016. "Supplementary material to "Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in the aTEB urban land surface model"." , no. : 1.
Northern Hemisphere-wide cooling during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1650–1775 Common Era, C.E.) was associated with a ~5 ppmv decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Changes in terrestrial and ocean carbon reservoirs have been postulated as possible drivers of this relatively large shift in atmospheric CO2, potentially providing insights into the mechanisms and sensitivity of the global carbon cycle. Here we report decadally resolved radiocarbon (14C) levels in a network of tree-ring series spanning 1700–1950 C.E. located along the northern boundary of, and within, the Southern Ocean. We observe regional dilutions in atmospheric radiocarbon (relative to the Northern Hemisphere) associated with upwelling of 14CO2-depleted abyssal waters. We find the interhemispheric 14C offset approaches zero during increasing global atmospheric CO2 at the end of the LIA, with reduced ventilation in the Southern Ocean and a Northern Hemisphere source of old carbon (most probably originating from deep Arctic peat layers). The coincidence of the atmospheric CO2 increase and reduction in the interhemispheric 14C offset imply a common climate control. Possible mechanisms of synchronous change in the high latitudes of both hemispheres are discussed.
Chris S. M. Turney; Jonathan Palmer; Alan Hogg; Christopher J. Fogwill; Richard T. Jones; Christopher Bronk Ramsey; Pavla Fenwick; Pauline Grierson; Janet Wilmshurst; Alison O'Donnell; Zoë A. Thomas; Mathew Lipson. Multidecadal variations in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric 14 C: Evidence against a Southern Ocean sink at the end of the Little Ice Age CO 2 anomaly. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2016, 30, 211 -218.
AMA StyleChris S. M. Turney, Jonathan Palmer, Alan Hogg, Christopher J. Fogwill, Richard T. Jones, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Pavla Fenwick, Pauline Grierson, Janet Wilmshurst, Alison O'Donnell, Zoë A. Thomas, Mathew Lipson. Multidecadal variations in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric 14 C: Evidence against a Southern Ocean sink at the end of the Little Ice Age CO 2 anomaly. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2016; 30 (2):211-218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris S. M. Turney; Jonathan Palmer; Alan Hogg; Christopher J. Fogwill; Richard T. Jones; Christopher Bronk Ramsey; Pavla Fenwick; Pauline Grierson; Janet Wilmshurst; Alison O'Donnell; Zoë A. Thomas; Mathew Lipson. 2016. "Multidecadal variations in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric 14 C: Evidence against a Southern Ocean sink at the end of the Little Ice Age CO 2 anomaly." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 30, no. 2: 211-218.
Chris S. M. Turney; Matt McGlone; Jonathan Palmer; Christopher Fogwill; Alan Hogg; Zoë A. Thomas; Mathew Lipson; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Pavla Fenwick; Richard T. Jones; Ben Hines; Graeme F. Clark. Intensification of Southern Hemisphere westerly winds 2000-1000 years ago: evidence from the subantarctic Campbell and Auckland Islands (52-50°S). Journal of Quaternary Science 2016, 31, 12 -19.
AMA StyleChris S. M. Turney, Matt McGlone, Jonathan Palmer, Christopher Fogwill, Alan Hogg, Zoë A. Thomas, Mathew Lipson, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Pavla Fenwick, Richard T. Jones, Ben Hines, Graeme F. Clark. Intensification of Southern Hemisphere westerly winds 2000-1000 years ago: evidence from the subantarctic Campbell and Auckland Islands (52-50°S). Journal of Quaternary Science. 2016; 31 (1):12-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris S. M. Turney; Matt McGlone; Jonathan Palmer; Christopher Fogwill; Alan Hogg; Zoë A. Thomas; Mathew Lipson; Janet M. Wilmshurst; Pavla Fenwick; Richard T. Jones; Ben Hines; Graeme F. Clark. 2016. "Intensification of Southern Hemisphere westerly winds 2000-1000 years ago: evidence from the subantarctic Campbell and Auckland Islands (52-50°S)." Journal of Quaternary Science 31, no. 1: 12-19.