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Dr. Chris Shiel
Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Wallisdown, Dorset, UK

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0 Green Economy
0 Social Justice
0 Sustainable Cities
0 Sustainable Development
0 behaviour change

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Article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Environment, Development and Sustainability
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global crisis, one which also influences the ways sustainability is being taught at universities. This paper undertakes an analysis of the extent to which COVID-19 as a whole and the lockdown it triggered in particular, which has led to the suspension of presence-based teaching in universities worldwide and influenced teaching on matters related to sustainable development. By means of a worldwide survey involving higher education institutions across all continents, the study has identified a number of patterns, trends and problems. The results from the study show that the epidemic has significantly affected teaching practices. The lockdowns have led to a surge in the use of on-line communication tools as a partial replacement to normal lessons. In addition, many faculty teaching sustainability in higher education have strong competencies in digital literacy. The sampled higher education educations have—as a whole—adequate infrastructure to continue to teach during the lockdowns. Finally, the majority of the sample revealed that they miss the interactions via direct face-to-face student engagement, which is deemed as necessary for the effective teaching of sustainability content. The implications of this paper are two-fold. Firstly, it describes how sustainability teaching on sustainable development has been affected by the lockdown. Secondly, it describes some of the solutions deployed to overcome the problem. Finally, the paper outlines the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic may serve the purpose of showing how university teaching on sustainability may be improved in the future, taking more advantage of modern information technologies.

ACS Style

Walter Leal Filho; Elizabeth Price; Tony Wall; Chris Shiel; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro; Mark Mifsud; Luciana Brandli; Carla Sofia Farinha; Sandra Caeiro; Amanda Lange Salvia; Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos; Luiza Olim de Sousa; Paul Pace; Federica Doni; Lucas Veiga Avila; Bárbara Fritzen; Todd Jared LeVasseur. COVID-19: the impact of a global crisis on sustainable development teaching. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2021, 23, 11257 -11278.

AMA Style

Walter Leal Filho, Elizabeth Price, Tony Wall, Chris Shiel, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, Mark Mifsud, Luciana Brandli, Carla Sofia Farinha, Sandra Caeiro, Amanda Lange Salvia, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos, Luiza Olim de Sousa, Paul Pace, Federica Doni, Lucas Veiga Avila, Bárbara Fritzen, Todd Jared LeVasseur. COVID-19: the impact of a global crisis on sustainable development teaching. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021; 23 (8):11257-11278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Leal Filho; Elizabeth Price; Tony Wall; Chris Shiel; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro; Mark Mifsud; Luciana Brandli; Carla Sofia Farinha; Sandra Caeiro; Amanda Lange Salvia; Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos; Luiza Olim de Sousa; Paul Pace; Federica Doni; Lucas Veiga Avila; Bárbara Fritzen; Todd Jared LeVasseur. 2021. "COVID-19: the impact of a global crisis on sustainable development teaching." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 8: 11257-11278.

Review
Published: 14 September 2020 in Sustainability
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Managing contemporary and future urbanisation to create sustainable outcomes is a globally acknowledged policy goal. However, despite the increasing uptake and implementation of National Urban Policies (NUPs), little research has explored how these policies incorporate and promote sustainability as a concept in the context of urbanisation. This paper provides a critical analysis of the extent to which sustainability is promoted within urban policy in the context of Ghana. We review Ghana’s NUP and supporting Action Plan (AP) to determine whether their initiatives promote sustainability. An evaluation matrix is used to show how the initiatives in the documents align with the dimensions of urban sustainability outlined in the UN-Habitat’s City Prosperity Index (CPI); and in addition, consideration is given to how the contents align with the dimensions of the World Bank’s Urban Sustainability Framework (USF). The overarching argument that emerges from the analysis is that while Ghana’s NUP and AP provide adequate scope and an eclectic mix of initiatives that promote urban sustainability, the sustainability benefits are potentially undermined by factors which include: (i) threats to inclusivity and social sustainability due to the neo-liberal outlook of policy documents; (ii) explicit lack of a poverty reduction strategy; and (iii) lack of environmental performance targets. To this end, suggestions are provided that could potentially enhance the sustainability impacts of Ghana’s NUP and AP in the context of urbanisation.

ACS Style

Kwasi Anarfi; Chris Shiel; Ross Hill. Assessing How Sustainability Is Promoted in Ghana’s National Urban Policy and Action Plan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7556 .

AMA Style

Kwasi Anarfi, Chris Shiel, Ross Hill. Assessing How Sustainability Is Promoted in Ghana’s National Urban Policy and Action Plan. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kwasi Anarfi; Chris Shiel; Ross Hill. 2020. "Assessing How Sustainability Is Promoted in Ghana’s National Urban Policy and Action Plan." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7556.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2020 in Land
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Ghana is urbanising rapidly, and over half of the country’s population have lived in urban areas since 2010. Although research has proliferated to explore Ghana’s urbanisation, there is a dearth of research that holistically explores the wider sustainability implications of urbanisation, offers comparative perspectives in the context of large and smaller urban areas, and provides a perspective of local level urbanisation in the context of resource extraction (mining). This study comparatively assesses two urban areas in Ghana (Kumasi and Obuasi), by conducting a spatio-temporal analysis of land cover change through remote sensing and by analysing demographic change through a synthesis of published population data, in order to highlight the sustainability implications of urbanisation. The results show that urbanisation has been rapid, and has resulted in changes in land cover and demography in Kumasi and Obuasi. The sustainability implications of urbanisation are identified to include limited economic opportunities, socio-spatial segregation, and destruction of natural vegetation. The evidence in this study provides insights into urbanisation in Ghana, and suggests that the positive sustainability impacts of urbanisation may be eroded by how factors such as market forces and land tenure interact at the local level.

ACS Style

Kwasi Anarfi; Ross A. Hill; Chris Shiel. Highlighting the Sustainability Implications of Urbanisation: A Comparative Analysis of Two Urban Areas in Ghana. Land 2020, 9, 300 .

AMA Style

Kwasi Anarfi, Ross A. Hill, Chris Shiel. Highlighting the Sustainability Implications of Urbanisation: A Comparative Analysis of Two Urban Areas in Ghana. Land. 2020; 9 (9):300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kwasi Anarfi; Ross A. Hill; Chris Shiel. 2020. "Highlighting the Sustainability Implications of Urbanisation: A Comparative Analysis of Two Urban Areas in Ghana." Land 9, no. 9: 300.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The implementation of sustainable development in higher education is an important goal, and one which requires much planning. The many recurring problems and barriers that hinder the attainment of sustainable development objectives at universities are either directly or indirectly related to deficiencies in planning which pose a significant barrier to the implementation of sustainable development. There is therefore a perceived need to foster a better understanding of how planning may help higher education institutions to become more successful in implementing sustainable development. Based on this need, this paper describes the role of planning as a tool for improved knowledge and sound decision-making towards a better understanding of sustainability in a science and technology context, and the motivation towards transformation. In particular, it reports on a survey in the context of which some of the major obstacles for planning and implementing sustainable development at universities are outlined. The study identified the fact that many universities are yet to have fully developed plans to take into account matters related to sustainable development, and describes some the elements which could be considered in attempts to give a greater emphasis to sustainability to planning in a higher education context.

ACS Style

Walter Leal Filho; Constantina Skanavis; Aristea Kounani; Luciana Londero Brandli; Chris Shiel; Arminda Do Paço; Paul Pace; Mark Mifsud; Ali Beynaghi; Elizabeth Price; Amanda Lange Salvia; Markus Will; Kalterina Shula. The role of planning in implementing sustainable development in a higher education context. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 235, 678 -687.

AMA Style

Walter Leal Filho, Constantina Skanavis, Aristea Kounani, Luciana Londero Brandli, Chris Shiel, Arminda Do Paço, Paul Pace, Mark Mifsud, Ali Beynaghi, Elizabeth Price, Amanda Lange Salvia, Markus Will, Kalterina Shula. The role of planning in implementing sustainable development in a higher education context. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 235 ():678-687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Leal Filho; Constantina Skanavis; Aristea Kounani; Luciana Londero Brandli; Chris Shiel; Arminda Do Paço; Paul Pace; Mark Mifsud; Ali Beynaghi; Elizabeth Price; Amanda Lange Salvia; Markus Will; Kalterina Shula. 2019. "The role of planning in implementing sustainable development in a higher education context." Journal of Cleaner Production 235, no. : 678-687.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The fact that the world community is engaged in pursuing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) means that an unrivalled opportunity is provided to universities, both in respect of teaching and in research, on individual SDGs, as well as in pursuing their “third mission” linking up with external stakeholders and society. However, not many universities have realised that and many are falling behind. This paper explores the many advantages of the introduction of the SDGs into teaching and suggests that it can catalyse the engagement of students in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) with the concepts of sustainability. The paper fills in a research gap by surveying the current state of the art regarding the theme, presenting current data outlining the extent to which HEI are using SDGs to support their sustainability work. The reasons why some institutions are currently not engaging is also shown. The paper, which consists of a worldwide survey deployed to collect data on the SDGs and sustainability teaching at universities, concludes by providing some recommendations aimed at encouraging further engagement of HEI in incorporatingSDGs as part of their teaching programs. This research is unique in the sense that it provides for the first time offers an overview of the level of emphasis selected universities currently place on the SDGs. Finally, it provides a contribution to current state of knowledge by outlining some actions universities may take, to move forward with their implementation.

ACS Style

Walter Leal Filho; Chris Shiel; Arminda Paço; Mark Mifsud; Lucas Veiga Ávila; Luciana Londero Brandli; Petra Molthan-Hill; Paul Pace; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro; Valeria Ruiz Vargas; Sandra Caeiro. Sustainable Development Goals and sustainability teaching at universities: Falling behind or getting ahead of the pack? Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 232, 285 -294.

AMA Style

Walter Leal Filho, Chris Shiel, Arminda Paço, Mark Mifsud, Lucas Veiga Ávila, Luciana Londero Brandli, Petra Molthan-Hill, Paul Pace, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, Valeria Ruiz Vargas, Sandra Caeiro. Sustainable Development Goals and sustainability teaching at universities: Falling behind or getting ahead of the pack? Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 232 ():285-294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Leal Filho; Chris Shiel; Arminda Paço; Mark Mifsud; Lucas Veiga Ávila; Luciana Londero Brandli; Petra Molthan-Hill; Paul Pace; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro; Valeria Ruiz Vargas; Sandra Caeiro. 2019. "Sustainable Development Goals and sustainability teaching at universities: Falling behind or getting ahead of the pack?" Journal of Cleaner Production 232, no. : 285-294.

Chapter
Published: 01 May 2019 in World Sustainability Series
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Evidence suggests that while many universities promote their green credentials, fully embedding sustainability across the university (campus, curriculum and community) and securing the full engagement of academic staff, is not without challenge. This paper argues that the Sustainable Development Goals may provide an opportunity to revitalise institutional efforts in relation to education for sustainable development. A case study is presented of an institution that is well-regarded for its green credentials yet continues to struggle to ensure that education for sustainable development permeates the curriculum, despite institutional strategy and policy drivers. The potential of the Sustainable Development Goals to catalyse further engagement within the institution is explored; examples are provided of how they are being used both within the curriculum, and also influencing strategy change. The conclusion suggests that while there is potential in a change of focus, substantial efforts are required to reinforce the responsibilities of higher education in relation to the goals. This paper will be useful to anyone interested in embedding sustainable development within universities and developing a strategy to address the global goals.

ACS Style

Chris Shiel; Neil Smith; Elena Cantarello. Aligning Campus Strategy with the SDGs: An Institutional Case Study. World Sustainability Series 2019, 11 -27.

AMA Style

Chris Shiel, Neil Smith, Elena Cantarello. Aligning Campus Strategy with the SDGs: An Institutional Case Study. World Sustainability Series. 2019; ():11-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Shiel; Neil Smith; Elena Cantarello. 2019. "Aligning Campus Strategy with the SDGs: An Institutional Case Study." World Sustainability Series , no. : 11-27.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2019 in Meliora
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ACS Style

Hayley Rose Dancer; Chris Shiel. Exploring Attitudes towards Genetically Modified Foods: Is there a Connection between People who are Concerned About the Environment and their Attitudes towards GM Foods. Meliora 2019, 2, 1 .

AMA Style

Hayley Rose Dancer, Chris Shiel. Exploring Attitudes towards Genetically Modified Foods: Is there a Connection between People who are Concerned About the Environment and their Attitudes towards GM Foods. Meliora. 2019; 2 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hayley Rose Dancer; Chris Shiel. 2019. "Exploring Attitudes towards Genetically Modified Foods: Is there a Connection between People who are Concerned About the Environment and their Attitudes towards GM Foods." Meliora 2, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Several green consumer behaviour models have sought to explain the relationship between green attitudes and individual behaviours interrelating with green consumption based on traditional theories. Nevertheless, there have been difficulties in developing an optimum or even a consensual model able to predict green consumer behaviour. This paper thus seeks to examine the links between a set of constructs in order to propose a model for green consumer behaviour based on a different set of buying behaviour antecedents: a prosocial attitude, the value placed on green and green communication. We developed a survey, in a self-administered questionnaire format, to gather data before applying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) for the analysis. The results returned convey how general prosocial attitudes have a direct influence on green consumption values, and that green values positively influence green buying behaviour and receptivity to green advertising. However, green advertising generates only a weak influence on green buying behaviours. The relationship between these concepts becomes important whenever considering how best to develop green marketing campaigns and communication strategies able to further nurture green behaviours.

ACS Style

Arminda Do Paço; Chris Shiel; Helena Alves. A new model for testing green consumer behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 207, 998 -1006.

AMA Style

Arminda Do Paço, Chris Shiel, Helena Alves. A new model for testing green consumer behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 207 ():998-1006.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arminda Do Paço; Chris Shiel; Helena Alves. 2018. "A new model for testing green consumer behaviour." Journal of Cleaner Production 207, no. : 998-1006.

Book
Published: 01 January 2017 in World Sustainability Series
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ACS Style

Walter Leal Filho; Mark Mifsud; Chris Shiel; Rudi Pretorius. Handbook of Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development in Higher Education. World Sustainability Series 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Walter Leal Filho, Mark Mifsud, Chris Shiel, Rudi Pretorius. Handbook of Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development in Higher Education. World Sustainability Series. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Leal Filho; Mark Mifsud; Chris Shiel; Rudi Pretorius. 2017. "Handbook of Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development in Higher Education." World Sustainability Series , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 30 December 2016 in World Sustainability Series
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This paper adopts a case-study approach describing how one institution has sought to maintain an integrative approach to sustainable development, in an institutional context that has served to fragment holistic ways of working. The paper sets out the institutional context before outlining the interventions, designed to achieve a step-change and to take engagement with sustainable development to a further level. It is suggested that achieving awards such as ‘EcoCampus Platinum’ are important to demonstrate environmental credentials however, securing the support of a university’s senior educational committee is vital, if all students are to experience education for sustainable development (ESD). Working across the institution, particularly in partnership with academic groups and the Students Union is a further way to increase engagement and momentum. The paper argues for the importance of integrative approaches but suggests that maintaining integration poses challenges; initial successes should not be taken for-granted; maintaining momentum across all fronts requires substantial effort from academics and environmental managers. An evaluation will be provided of the strategies adopted to achieve both an award and the support of a broader group of academics engaging with ESD. A summary of the lessons learned from the experience will be of value to others.

ACS Style

Chris Shiel; Neil Smith. An Integrative Approach to Sustainable Development Within a University: A Step-Change to Extend Progress on Multiple Fronts. World Sustainability Series 2016, 13 -25.

AMA Style

Chris Shiel, Neil Smith. An Integrative Approach to Sustainable Development Within a University: A Step-Change to Extend Progress on Multiple Fronts. World Sustainability Series. 2016; ():13-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Shiel; Neil Smith. 2016. "An Integrative Approach to Sustainable Development Within a University: A Step-Change to Extend Progress on Multiple Fronts." World Sustainability Series , no. : 13-25.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Energy saving on campus is an increasingly important part of universities' responses to climate change, but can only be fully realised through a partnership between institutions and students. This study explores similarities and differences between students' energy-related attitudes and reported behaviours, as well as their perceptions of their institution's energy saving efforts using data from two universities in the United Kingdom (UK) and one in Portugal. The results indicate that there are differences between the students' responses at the selected universities which appear to reflect the national context and diverse institutional priorities. Key differences include the variation between students' perceptions of individual agency and their university's environmental practices (stronger in the UK) and students' sense of collective agency and trust in the government and business (stronger in Portugal). The study is the first to attempt a comparison between students from institutions in different countries in relation to energy saving. It provides a foundation to extend the comparison to other institutions and other countries, and to expand the research to encompass actual energy use, in relation to perceived energy use.

ACS Style

Debby Cotton; Chris Shiel; Arminda Paço. Energy saving on campus: a comparison of students' attitudes and reported behaviours in the UK and Portugal. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 129, 586 -595.

AMA Style

Debby Cotton, Chris Shiel, Arminda Paço. Energy saving on campus: a comparison of students' attitudes and reported behaviours in the UK and Portugal. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 129 ():586-595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Debby Cotton; Chris Shiel; Arminda Paço. 2016. "Energy saving on campus: a comparison of students' attitudes and reported behaviours in the UK and Portugal." Journal of Cleaner Production 129, no. : 586-595.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Evaluation and Program Planning
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Universities have the potential to play a leading role in enabling communities to develop more sustainable ways of living and working however, sustainable communities may only emerge with facilitation, community learning and continual efforts to build their capacities. Elements of programme planning and evaluation on the one hand, and capacity building on the other, are needed. The latter entails approaches and processes that may contribute to community empowerment; universities may either lead such approaches, or be key partners in an endeavour to empower communities to address the challenges posed by the need for sustainable development. Although capacity building and the promotion of sustainable development locally, are on the agenda for universities who take seriously regional engagement, very little is published that illustrates or describes the various forms of activities that take place. Further, there is a paucity of studies that have evaluated the work performed by universities in building capacity for sustainable development at the local level. This paper is an attempt to address this need, and entails an empirical study based on a sample of universities in the United Kingdom, Germany, Portugal and Brazil. The paper examines the extent to which capacity building for sustainable development is being undertaken, suggests the forms that this might take and evaluates some of the benefits for local communities. The paper concludes by reinforcing that universities have a critical role to play in community development; that role has to prioritise the sustainability agenda.

ACS Style

Chris Shiel; Walter Leal Filho; Arminda Paço; Luciana Brandli. Evaluating the engagement of universities in capacity building for sustainable development in local communities. Evaluation and Program Planning 2016, 54, 123 -134.

AMA Style

Chris Shiel, Walter Leal Filho, Arminda Paço, Luciana Brandli. Evaluating the engagement of universities in capacity building for sustainable development in local communities. Evaluation and Program Planning. 2016; 54 ():123-134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Shiel; Walter Leal Filho; Arminda Paço; Luciana Brandli. 2016. "Evaluating the engagement of universities in capacity building for sustainable development in local communities." Evaluation and Program Planning 54, no. : 123-134.

Guest editorial
Published: 15 May 2015 in Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education
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ACS Style

Chris Shiel; Walter Leal Filho; Arminda Do Paço; Luciana Brandli; Walter Leal. Assessing and evaluating sustainable development in higher education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 2015, 40, 783 -784.

AMA Style

Chris Shiel, Walter Leal Filho, Arminda Do Paço, Luciana Brandli, Walter Leal. Assessing and evaluating sustainable development in higher education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. 2015; 40 (6):783-784.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Shiel; Walter Leal Filho; Arminda Do Paço; Luciana Brandli; Walter Leal. 2015. "Assessing and evaluating sustainable development in higher education." Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 40, no. 6: 783-784.

Book chapter
Published: 10 October 2014 in World Sustainability Series
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A holistic and transformational approach to Sustainable Development within a university requires systemic change and embraces new ways of working. Champions must challenge silo mentalities, develop new processes to encourage synergies across university functions, and strive to re-align systems and goals towards the common endeavour of sustainability. But how easy is this to achieve? It is well documented that working across disciplines presents challenges but forging a synergistic relationship between the environmental management function of Estates and an academic champion for ESD is not only logical but might be an easier place to explore how two roles can work together to achieve change. This paper provides a reflective account of such an alliance, outlining a joint endeavour to address sustainable development. An analysis is provided of those factors which impede such working and the different role tensions that make working together challenging. It will also consider the benefits of collaboration, as the perspectives from the operational and academic domains provide a broader context for understandings, access to different forums, an ability to tackle conflicting agendas together and an opportunity to genuinely effect change, providing mutual support through shared perseverance. The paper will conclude by questioning the extent to which progress made will endure, if the benefits of this synergy are not acknowledged by university leadership.

ACS Style

Chris Shiel; Amanda Williams. Working Together, Driven Apart: Reflecting on a Joint Endeavour to Address Sustainable Development Within a University. World Sustainability Series 2014, 425 -447.

AMA Style

Chris Shiel, Amanda Williams. Working Together, Driven Apart: Reflecting on a Joint Endeavour to Address Sustainable Development Within a University. World Sustainability Series. 2014; ():425-447.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Shiel; Amanda Williams. 2014. "Working Together, Driven Apart: Reflecting on a Joint Endeavour to Address Sustainable Development Within a University." World Sustainability Series , no. : 425-447.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2014 in Sustainability
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It is widely recognised that for the green economy to develop successfully, new educational curricula will be required to help professionals develop appropriate knowledge and skills. Relatively few university courses have been developed to date that explicitly focus on the green economy, reflecting its recent origins. Here we present the lessons learned from developing and implementing a new Masters course in the green economy, at Bournemouth University in the UK. The most significant challenges were institutional barriers, such as different departmental policies and procedures and decentralised budget strategies, which inhibited the cross-departmental collaboration desired for interdisciplinarity. Uncertainty about the future development of the green economy and its value as a concept, among both teaching staff and prospective students, presented a further challenge. In addition, the development of an appropriate curriculum for green economy courses has received little attention previously. Here, we present an overview of the curriculum developed for this Masters-level course, and, based on our experience, we demonstrate how the challenges in developing such a course can successfully be overcome.

ACS Style

Adrian C. Newton; Elena Cantarello; Chris Shiel; Kathy Hodder. Lessons Learned from Developing a New Distance-Learning Masters Course in the Green Economy. Sustainability 2014, 6, 2118 -2132.

AMA Style

Adrian C. Newton, Elena Cantarello, Chris Shiel, Kathy Hodder. Lessons Learned from Developing a New Distance-Learning Masters Course in the Green Economy. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (4):2118-2132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrian C. Newton; Elena Cantarello; Chris Shiel; Kathy Hodder. 2014. "Lessons Learned from Developing a New Distance-Learning Masters Course in the Green Economy." Sustainability 6, no. 4: 2118-2132.

Research articles
Published: 02 January 2014 in Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences
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The process behind people's decisions to buy green products is a complex one, and the factors that influence purchase behaviours are still not fully understood. This paper is an attempt to contribute to the state of knowledge in this field, by providing an analysis of the measurement of the construct buying behaviour (BB) in green marketing. In particular, it reports on the results of a study involving a sample of 1175 university students from four countries using a survey approach to test a green behavioural model. The method of data collection took the form of a self-administered questionnaire. The results gathered in the research have shown that the Straughan and Roberts' scale of green BB (GBB) studied presents a high level of reliability, above other commonly used scales and is a useful measure of GBB; some of the findings may help to improve the effectiveness of green marketing.

ACS Style

Arminda Do Paço; Helena Alves; Chris Shiel; Walter Leal Filho. An analysis of the measurement of the construct “buying behaviour” in green marketing. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 2014, 11, 55 -69.

AMA Style

Arminda Do Paço, Helena Alves, Chris Shiel, Walter Leal Filho. An analysis of the measurement of the construct “buying behaviour” in green marketing. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences. 2014; 11 (1):55-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arminda Do Paço; Helena Alves; Chris Shiel; Walter Leal Filho. 2014. "An analysis of the measurement of the construct “buying behaviour” in green marketing." Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 11, no. 1: 55-69.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in APCBEE Procedia
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Given the importance of environmental preservation and conservation, this research aims to measure the extent to which individuals avoid buying excessively packaged products, engage in separation and recycling activities, reuse material and save resources. An analysis of the differences between the respondents from four countries - Portugal, Spain, UK and Germany - regarding the items of the ENVIRONCON scale is presented. The results obtained confirm the existence of significant differences between countries, and indicate that consumers are involved in almost all conservation activities

ACS Style

Arminda Do Paço; Helena Alves; Chris Shiel; Walter Leal Filho. Conserving Behaviour: A Replication of the ENVIROCON Scale in Four Countries. APCBEE Procedia 2013, 5, 44 -49.

AMA Style

Arminda Do Paço, Helena Alves, Chris Shiel, Walter Leal Filho. Conserving Behaviour: A Replication of the ENVIROCON Scale in Four Countries. APCBEE Procedia. 2013; 5 ():44-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arminda Do Paço; Helena Alves; Chris Shiel; Walter Leal Filho. 2013. "Conserving Behaviour: A Replication of the ENVIROCON Scale in Four Countries." APCBEE Procedia 5, no. : 44-49.