This article offers a critical analysis and overview of terminology theories with special reference to scientific and technical translation. The study of specialized language is undergoing a cognitive shift, which is conducive to a greater emphasis on meaning as well as conceptual structures underlying texts and language in general. Terminology theory seems to be evolving from prescriptive to descriptive with a growing focus on the study of specialized language units from a social, linguistic and cognitive perspective. In consonance with this, new voices are beginning to be heard, which offer different and complementary perspectives on specialized language and translation.Este artículo propone un análisis crítico y una visión global de las teorías terminológicas con especial atención a la traducción científica y técnica. El estudio de los tecnolectos está sometido en la actualidad a un cambio hacia el cognitivismo, que a su vez conduce a un énfasis mucho mayor tanto en el significado como en las estructuras conceptuales que subyacen en los textos y en la lengua en general. La terminología parece estar pasando del prescriptivismo al descriptivismo, con un interés creciente por enfocar el estudio de las unidades de los tecnolectos desde una perspectiva social, lingüística y cognitiva. En esta misma línea, comienzan a oírse nuevas voces que ofrecen perspectivas diferentes y complementarias en torno a los tecnolectos y la traducción

This article describes the theoretical premises and methodology presently being used in the development of the PuertoTerm database on Coastal Engineering. In our project there are three foci, which are highly relevant to the elaboration of lexicographic and terminological products: (1) the conceptual organization underlying any knowledge resource; (2) the multidimensional nature of conceptual representations; and (3) knowledge extraction through the use of multilingual corpora. In this sense we propose a frame-based organization of specialized fields in which a dynamic, process-oriented event frame provides the conceptual underpinnings for the location of sub-hierarchies of concepts within a specialized domain event. We explain how frames with semantic and syntactic information can be specified within this type of framework, and also discuss issues regarding concept denomination and terminological meaning, based on the use of definitional schemas for each conceptual category. We also offer a typology of images for the inclusion of graphic information in each entry, depending on the nature of the concept.

Dynamicity is the condition of being in motion, and thus, is characterized by continuous change, activity, or progress. Not surprisingly, dynamicity is generally acknowledged to be an important part of any kind of knowledge representation system or knowledge acquisition scenario. This means that it might be a good idea to reconsider concept representations in Terminology, and modify them so that they better reflect the nature of conceptualization in the mind and brain. In this sense, recent theories of cognition have emphasized that situated or grounded experiences are activated in cognitive processing (Louwerse and Jeuniaux 2010; Barsalou 1999; Zwaan 2003). According to these theories, meaning construction heavily relies on perceptually simulating the information that is presented to the comprehender. Specialized knowledge representation that facilitates knowledge acquisition could thus be conceived as a situation model or event that enables comprehenders to use communicated information to better interact with the world

A crucial issue in terminology management is how specialized concepts should be represented so as to provide the user with an adequate understanding of their meaning as well as sufficient knowledge of their location within the general knowledge structure of a scientific or technical domain. Such a conceptual representation should contain information in various formats. In this regard, linguistic and graphical descriptions of specialized entities play a major role in knowledge representation, especially when both converge to highlight the multidimensional nature of concepts as well as the conceptual relations within a specialized domain. In this article, we explore the nature of the links between the linguistic and graphical description of specialized concepts. In a multimodal conceptual description, we believe that the structured information in terminographic definitions should mesh with the visual information in images for a better understanding of complex and dynamic concept systems.

Les techniques d’imagerie cérébrale peuvent être employées dans la recherche des connaissances spécialisées afin de découvrir la façon dont les concepts spécialisés sont représentés dans le cerveau. L’étude d’IRMf décrite dans cet article porte sur la perception des unités lexicales générales et spécialisées, ainsi que de leurs significations sémantiques, chez des sujets spécialistes en géologie et des sujets non-experts. Les sujets ont effectué des tâches d’appariement sémantique par rapport à des mots de la langue générale et à des termes spécialisés faisant partie de la catégorie sémantique des instruments, soit ménagers soit spécialisés. Les résultats indiquent que le traitement des termes spécialisés repose sur l’expérience préalable des sujets avec l’objet, ce qui confirme l’hypothèse que, lors de l’exécution d’une tâche spécialisée, les spécialistes activent une partie du cerveau différente de celle utilisée par les non-experts. L’expérience nous a permis d’obtenir des données significatives sur les systèmes cérébraux impliqués dans ces processus cognitifs.