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Micronutrient deficiency results in malnutrition, which is prevalent all over the world and may lead to premature death in women and children (White and Broadley, 2009). Strategies formulated earlier including supplementation and fortified foods were not successful, owing to socio-economic and technical hurdles (Mayer et al. 2008). The subsequently evolved strategy of bio-fortification is a viable biotechnological tool to achieve desired results without compromising the agronomical values of crops. Conferring the genetic trait to improve vital nutrient accumulation in the edible parts of staple food crops, such as rice, through metabolic engineering is considered a fast, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative to conventional breeding (Maestre et al. 2017). In earlier reports from our lab, enhanced α-tocopherol levels in the stable transformants of Nicotiana tabacum (Harish et al. 2013a, b) and in Nicotiana benthamiana adopting a transient expression system using A. thaliana tocopherol cyclase (TC) and homogentisate phytyl transferase (HPT) (Sathish et al. 2018) were shown. In the present study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Indica rice ASD16 with two genes involved in tocopherol biosynthesis, viz., TC and HPT were carried out and the transgenic plants were analyzed for the vitamin E (α- tocopherol) content.
Sathish Sundararajan; Venkatesh Rajendran; Hari Priya Sivakumar; Safia Nayeem; Harish Mani Chandra; Ashutosh Sharma; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Enhanced vitamin E content in an Indica rice cultivar harbouring two transgenes from Arabidopsis thaliana involved in tocopherol biosynthesis pathway. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2021, 19, 1083 -1085.
AMA StyleSathish Sundararajan, Venkatesh Rajendran, Hari Priya Sivakumar, Safia Nayeem, Harish Mani Chandra, Ashutosh Sharma, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Enhanced vitamin E content in an Indica rice cultivar harbouring two transgenes from Arabidopsis thaliana involved in tocopherol biosynthesis pathway. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 2021; 19 (6):1083-1085.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSathish Sundararajan; Venkatesh Rajendran; Hari Priya Sivakumar; Safia Nayeem; Harish Mani Chandra; Ashutosh Sharma; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2021. "Enhanced vitamin E content in an Indica rice cultivar harbouring two transgenes from Arabidopsis thaliana involved in tocopherol biosynthesis pathway." Plant Biotechnology Journal 19, no. 6: 1083-1085.
Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue (DENV) viruses cause an acute febrile illness which is hard to clinically differentiate and treat since both exhibit similar symptoms. Hence, this study was aimed at identifying the expression profiles of cytokines on co-infected samples and compare with CHIKV and DENV mono-infected samples. Serum samples of 292 suspected patients during 2009-2011 were analyzed. The presence of primary (IgM)/secondary (IgG) antibodies and early NS1 Dengue antigens were confirmed by capture ELISA. Molecular diagnosis and serotypes were discriminated by RT-PCR, confirmed by sequencing. All the plasma samples were assayed for cytokine expression by BDTM cytometry bead array (CBA) and compared with independent mono-infection viral load. Among the tested samples, 82 were confirmed as Dengue positive; 52 through IgM (17.8%), and 30 through IgG (10.2%). Additionally, 186 samples were confirmed as Chikungunya, 96 through IgM (32.6%) and 92 through IgG (31.5%) ELISA, respectively. Interestingly, 19 patients were co-infection positive in which, only 6 were confirmed for CHIKV and 7 for DENV by RT-PCR. Among 8 cytokines, IL-2, IL-8, IFNα, IFN γ, and IL-12 were found to be significantly different between co-infected and CHIKV mono-infected patients and correlated with viral load. DENV viral load was correlated with cytokine expression and a significant difference in IL-2 and IL-12 was observed between DENV mono-infected and DENV and CHIKV co-infected patients. Results indicated that apart from serological and molecular confirmation, cytokines could be used as a specific biomarker for the diagnosis of DENV and CHIKV. In the future, the role of independent cytokines can be determined to understand the pathogenesis and etiology of these dreadful diseases.
Saravana Krishnan; Jayashri Mahalingam; Shanthi Sabarimurugan; Thiruvengadam Muthu; Baskar Venkidasamy; Kaveri Krishnasamy; Ashutosh Sharma; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients’ Samples. Pathogens 2021, 10, 166 .
AMA StyleSaravana Krishnan, Jayashri Mahalingam, Shanthi Sabarimurugan, Thiruvengadam Muthu, Baskar Venkidasamy, Kaveri Krishnasamy, Ashutosh Sharma, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients’ Samples. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (2):166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaravana Krishnan; Jayashri Mahalingam; Shanthi Sabarimurugan; Thiruvengadam Muthu; Baskar Venkidasamy; Kaveri Krishnasamy; Ashutosh Sharma; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2021. "Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients’ Samples." Pathogens 10, no. 2: 166.
Ever since a positive correlation between rice consumption and reduced risk of developing chronic diseases was recognized, numerous researches on native indigenous rice landraces have been carried out. In the present investigation, ten pigmented and non-pigmented rare Indian rice landraces were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total protein, total anthocyanin, and antioxidant potential. Three different parameters in raw, cooked, strained cooking water were taken into consideration and phytochemical analysis revealed that pigmented rice varieties displayed higher levels of bioactive compounds as compared to the non-pigmented cultivars. Higher TPC (398 ± 0.23 mg GAE/100 g), TFC (1308 ± 0.04 mg QE/100 g), total anthocyanin (13.36 ± 0.00 mg/100 g), total protein (2590 ± 0.03 mg/100 g), total antioxidant activity (316 ± 0.03 mg AAE/100 g) was recorded with the pigmented varieties. A strong correlation was found between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic, flavonoid content in pigmented rice cultivars. Further, the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities in cooked rice and strained cooking water were lower as compared to raw. Among the tested landraces, navara was found to be superior in terms of higher phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity. Our study revealed the various health-promoting properties of pigmented rice over non-pigmented rice. It was also found that pressure cooking without straining away the water would be ideal to retain the nutrients and pigmented rice can alleviate numerous health disorders upon regular consumption.
Safia Nayeem; Sathish Sundararajan; Arun Kumar Ashok; Abuyaseer Abusaliya; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Effects of cooking on phytochemical and antioxidant properties of pigmented and non-pigmented rare Indian rice landraces. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021, 32, 101928 .
AMA StyleSafia Nayeem, Sathish Sundararajan, Arun Kumar Ashok, Abuyaseer Abusaliya, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Effects of cooking on phytochemical and antioxidant properties of pigmented and non-pigmented rare Indian rice landraces. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2021; 32 ():101928.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSafia Nayeem; Sathish Sundararajan; Arun Kumar Ashok; Abuyaseer Abusaliya; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2021. "Effects of cooking on phytochemical and antioxidant properties of pigmented and non-pigmented rare Indian rice landraces." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 32, no. : 101928.
Isoflavonoids, the diverse group of secondary metabolites derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway, are distributed predominantly in leguminous plants and play a vital role in promoting human health. Genetic engineering of the metabolite synthesis pathway has turned out to be an attractive approach for the production of various secondary metabolites. In our study, we attempted to produce the isoflavone genistein, a well-known health-promoting metabolite, in Allium cepa L. (onion) by introducing Glycine max Isoflavone synthase (GmIFS). The GmIFS gene was cloned into the pEarleyGate 102 HA vector and transformed into onion by Agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic methods. The presence of GmIFS in transgenic onion was confirmed by PCR, dot blot, and Southern hybridization. Analysis of the transgenic onion calli lines demonstrated that the expression of the GmIFS gene led to the production of isoflavone genistein in in vitro tissues. The biolistic stable transformed calli with transformation efficiency of 73% (62.65 nM/g FW) accumulated more genistein than the Agrobacterium stable transformed calli with transformation efficiency of 56% (42.5 nM/g FW). Overall, heterologous gene expression of GmIFS was demonstrated by modifying the secondary metabolite pathway in onion tissues for the production of isoflavone genistein that can boost up human health with its health-promoting properties.
Ashwini Malla; Balamurugan Shanmugaraj; Balamurugan Srinivasan; Ashutosh Sharma; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Metabolic Engineering of Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis by Expressing Glycine max Isoflavone Synthase in Allium cepa L. for Genistein Production. Plants 2020, 10, 52 .
AMA StyleAshwini Malla, Balamurugan Shanmugaraj, Balamurugan Srinivasan, Ashutosh Sharma, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Metabolic Engineering of Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis by Expressing Glycine max Isoflavone Synthase in Allium cepa L. for Genistein Production. Plants. 2020; 10 (1):52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshwini Malla; Balamurugan Shanmugaraj; Balamurugan Srinivasan; Ashutosh Sharma; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2020. "Metabolic Engineering of Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis by Expressing Glycine max Isoflavone Synthase in Allium cepa L. for Genistein Production." Plants 10, no. 1: 52.
Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Pc) is the primary fungal source for Lignin degrading enzymes (LDEs). A comprehensive in silico and gene expression analysis was carried out for one of the most important LDEs called manganese peroxidases (PcMnPs). We have identified five PcMnPs in BLAST genomic survey, which are putatively glycosylated extracellular proteins (39–40 kDa). These contain putative regulatory motifs for various factors, like, stress, metal ions, and nutrient components, peroxidase and ligninase motifs, and secretory signal peptides. PcMnPs also exhibit potent variation in transcript accumulation in time and stress-specific manner. Interestingly, PcMnPs were significantly expressed at later growth stages (144 h) and also found to be induced by different stresses and cofactors, such as, MnSO4, H2O2 and heat stress. Particularly, PcMnP1, PcMnP3, and PcMnP4 showed elevated expression in different time intervals and also under different concentration of nutritional components and stress treatments. In addition, molecular modeling and gene expression results indicate that PcMnP1 might serve as a potential candidate for lignin biodegradation. The present study revealed the structural variations and functioning of different modes of regulation of expression of the PcMnPs, which would be useful for the improvement of biodegradation of lignocelluloses and other recalcitrant wastes.
Sree Preethy Kuppuraj; Baskar Venkidasamy; Dhivya Selvaraj; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Comprehensive in silico and gene expression profiles of MnP family genes in Phanerochaete chrysosporium towards lignin biodegradation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 2020, 157, 105143 .
AMA StyleSree Preethy Kuppuraj, Baskar Venkidasamy, Dhivya Selvaraj, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Comprehensive in silico and gene expression profiles of MnP family genes in Phanerochaete chrysosporium towards lignin biodegradation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2020; 157 ():105143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSree Preethy Kuppuraj; Baskar Venkidasamy; Dhivya Selvaraj; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2020. "Comprehensive in silico and gene expression profiles of MnP family genes in Phanerochaete chrysosporium towards lignin biodegradation." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 157, no. : 105143.
Dhivya Selvaraj; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Identification of morphologically similar species of Tribulus (Zygophyllaceae) by employing DNA barcodes and rRNA secondary structures. Ecological Genetics and Genomics 2020, 18, 100072 .
AMA StyleDhivya Selvaraj, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Identification of morphologically similar species of Tribulus (Zygophyllaceae) by employing DNA barcodes and rRNA secondary structures. Ecological Genetics and Genomics. 2020; 18 ():100072.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDhivya Selvaraj; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2020. "Identification of morphologically similar species of Tribulus (Zygophyllaceae) by employing DNA barcodes and rRNA secondary structures." Ecological Genetics and Genomics 18, no. : 100072.
The influence of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) on somatic embryogenesis (SE) and plant regeneration of three indica rice cultivars (ASD16, IR64, and ADT43) were evaluated since polyamines (PAs) are reported to play vital roles in SE and plant regeneration. Significant increases in the regeneration potential of the rice cultivars upon polyamine treatments were observed. Put (1.0 mM) induced the highest regeneration frequencies, somatic embryos, and shoot numbers. PAs influenced the fresh weights of the suspension cultures. Spd was found to be detrimental to cultivar ADT43 towards embryogeneicity, regeneration, and somatic embryo induction. Among the cultivars, ASD16 was found to respond superiorly to the polyamine treatment. Experiments with long-term cultures of the rice revealed that Put and Spm enhanced the regeneration potential, and the highest frequencies were recorded for ASD16 and IR64. Results indicate that PAs can be effectively used as growth modulators to achieve success in in vitro tissue and genetic manipulation studies with elite recalcitrant indica rice cultivars.
Sathish Sundararajan; Hari Priya Sivakumar; Safia Nayeem; Venkatesh Rajendran; Sivakumar Subiramani; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Influence of exogenous polyamines on somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of fresh and long-term cultures of three elite indica rice cultivars. Cereal Research Communications 2020, 49, 245 -253.
AMA StyleSathish Sundararajan, Hari Priya Sivakumar, Safia Nayeem, Venkatesh Rajendran, Sivakumar Subiramani, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Influence of exogenous polyamines on somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of fresh and long-term cultures of three elite indica rice cultivars. Cereal Research Communications. 2020; 49 (2):245-253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSathish Sundararajan; Hari Priya Sivakumar; Safia Nayeem; Venkatesh Rajendran; Sivakumar Subiramani; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2020. "Influence of exogenous polyamines on somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of fresh and long-term cultures of three elite indica rice cultivars." Cereal Research Communications 49, no. 2: 245-253.
Increasing population and urbanization bring along depletion of water resources with notable discharge of industrial and municipal wastewater which is rich in nutrients. Microalgae hold great promise for assimilating the nutrient compounds, particularly the intricate nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) compounds from wastewater, resulting in algal biomass enriched with various valuable biomolecules. However, development of strategies involving the cultivation of microalgae for wastewater treatment and production of commodity components is still in its infancy. In this review, the current status of microalgae-mediated wastewater treatment, the existing technological bottlenecks that hamper the effective use of photosynthetic microalgae, and innovative solutions to obviate the shortcomings are discussed. Also, this article highlights the potential use of genetic engineering technologies in overproducing algal biomolecules without impeding cellular biomass accumulation by regulating critical metabolic targets for the development of engineered algal strains. In this context, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) could be the promising tool to further empower the engineered strains to mitigate the adverse effect from the wastewater cultivation medium. In summary, this review provides novel insights into the application of genetic engineering strategies for overproducing algal biomass and valuable biomolecules such as lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids using wastewater in a cost-effective manner.
Srinivasan Balamurugan; Ramalingam Sathishkumar; Hong-Ye Li. Biotechnological perspectives to augment the synthesis of valuable biomolecules from microalgae by employing wastewater. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2020, 39, 101713 .
AMA StyleSrinivasan Balamurugan, Ramalingam Sathishkumar, Hong-Ye Li. Biotechnological perspectives to augment the synthesis of valuable biomolecules from microalgae by employing wastewater. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2020; 39 ():101713.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSrinivasan Balamurugan; Ramalingam Sathishkumar; Hong-Ye Li. 2020. "Biotechnological perspectives to augment the synthesis of valuable biomolecules from microalgae by employing wastewater." Journal of Water Process Engineering 39, no. : 101713.
Background The banana (Musasp., AAA) genome is constantly increasing due to high-frequency of somaclonal variations. Due to its large diversity, a conventional numerical and morphological based taxonomic identification of banana cultivars is laborious, difficult and often leads to subject of disagreements. Results Hence, in the present study, we used universal DNA barcode ITS2 region to identify and to find the genetic relationship between the cultivars and varieties of banana. Herein, a total of 16 banana cultivars were PCR amplified using ITS2 primer pair. In addition, 321 sequences which were retrieved from GenBank, USA, were used in this study. The sequences were then aligned using Clustal W and genetic distances were computed using MEGA V5.1. The study showed significant divergence between the intra- and inter-specific genetic distances in ITS2 region. BLAST1 and Distance methods proved that ITS2 DNA barcode region successfully identified and distinguished the cultivar and varieties of banana. Conclusion Thus, from the results of the present study, it is clear that ITS2 is not only an efficient DNA barcode to identify the banana species but also a potential candidate for enumerating the phylogenetic relationships between the subspecies and cultivars. This is the first comprehensive study to categorically distinguish the economically important banana subspecies and varieties using DNA barcodes and to understand its evolutionary relationship.
S. Dhivya; S. Ashutosh; I. Gowtham; V. Baskar; A. Baala Harini; S. Mukunthakumar; R. Sathishkumar. Molecular identification and evolutionary relationships between the subspecies of Musa by DNA barcodes. BMC Genomics 2020, 21, 1 -11.
AMA StyleS. Dhivya, S. Ashutosh, I. Gowtham, V. Baskar, A. Baala Harini, S. Mukunthakumar, R. Sathishkumar. Molecular identification and evolutionary relationships between the subspecies of Musa by DNA barcodes. BMC Genomics. 2020; 21 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Dhivya; S. Ashutosh; I. Gowtham; V. Baskar; A. Baala Harini; S. Mukunthakumar; R. Sathishkumar. 2020. "Molecular identification and evolutionary relationships between the subspecies of Musa by DNA barcodes." BMC Genomics 21, no. 1: 1-11.
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and various growth regulators on callus induction and shoot organogenesis in the commercially and pharmaceutically important medicinal plant Valeriana jatamansi is presented. Four different growth regulators at different concentrations were tested for their callusing efficiency followed by supplementation of SNP to the best responding growth regulator. Maximum callusing frequency (91.18%) was observed with the supplementation of 1.5 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid + 15 μM SNP. 10% Coconut water (CW) was found to be the best growth regulator for the induction of shoots. The multiple shoot formation was also found to be enhanced with the supplementation of SNP. Maximum response for in vitro shoot multiplication was observed when the medium was supplemented with 10% CW + 15 μM SNP (89.32%) as compared to shoots induced in medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L Benzyl aminopurine + 15 μM SNP (79.46%) respectively. No separate root induction medium was required as CW and CW + SNP supplementation was found to be sufficient enough to produce profuse rooting of the in vitro regenerated plants. Results revealed that SNP enhanced the callus and shoot induction frequencies. Supplementation of SNP also significantly reduced callus browing, allowed the tissues to recover and regenerate. This proposed in vitro culture system will be an effective mass propagation strategy for both commercial utilization and conservation of this highly valued plant species.
Sushma Pandey; Sathish Sundararajan; Sathishkumar Ramalingam; Bijaya Pant. Effects of sodium nitroprusside and growth regulators on callus, multiple shoot induction and tissue browning in commercially important Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 2020, 142, 653 -660.
AMA StyleSushma Pandey, Sathish Sundararajan, Sathishkumar Ramalingam, Bijaya Pant. Effects of sodium nitroprusside and growth regulators on callus, multiple shoot induction and tissue browning in commercially important Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2020; 142 (3):653-660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSushma Pandey; Sathish Sundararajan; Sathishkumar Ramalingam; Bijaya Pant. 2020. "Effects of sodium nitroprusside and growth regulators on callus, multiple shoot induction and tissue browning in commercially important Valeriana jatamansi Jones." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 142, no. 3: 653-660.
Ever since the flavonoids and other antioxidants in rice were demonstrated with immense health benefits, much interest has been diverted to study the native indigenous rice landraces. In the present investigation, three pigmented rare Indian rice landraces and two non-pigmented rice varieties were analyzed for their phytoconstituents like total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content and antioxidant potential using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical profile was compared between seed, seedling, stem, leaf and root tissues of the different varieties. Pigmented rice cultivars demonstrated higher levels of bioactive compounds as compared to the non-pigmented cultivars exhibiting a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity of the grain and their phenolic and flavonoid content. Among the five different rice studied, black navara was found to be superior in terms of its phytochemical composition. Further, the expression levels of flavonoid genes among pigmented and non-pigmented rice was studied. Higher gene expression profiles were observed in the 8 flavonoid genes studied in pigmented rice varieties as compared to non-pigmented varieties. The colorlessness of non-pigmented rice and its lower levels of phytoconstituents correlated with the low transcript levels of flavonoid genes recorded in them. This study provides a basis for understanding the health-promoting properties of pigmented rice over non-pigmented rice at the biochemical and molecular levels.
Safia Nayeem; Baskar Venkidasamy; Sathish Sundararajan; Sree Preethy Kuppuraj; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and biochemical composition in different tissues of pigmented and non-pigmented rice. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020, 58, 884 -893.
AMA StyleSafia Nayeem, Baskar Venkidasamy, Sathish Sundararajan, Sree Preethy Kuppuraj, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and biochemical composition in different tissues of pigmented and non-pigmented rice. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2020; 58 (3):884-893.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSafia Nayeem; Baskar Venkidasamy; Sathish Sundararajan; Sree Preethy Kuppuraj; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2020. "Differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and biochemical composition in different tissues of pigmented and non-pigmented rice." Journal of Food Science and Technology 58, no. 3: 884-893.
All plants harbor many microbial species including bacteria and fungi in their tissues. The interactions between the plant and these microbes could be symbiotic, mutualistic, parasitic or commensalistic. Mutualistic microorganisms are endophytic in nature and are known to play a role in plant growth, development and fitness. Endophytes display complex diversity depending upon the agro-climatic conditions and this diversity could be exploited for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture. Plant-endophyte partnerships are highly specific, several genetic and molecular cascades play a key role in colonization of endophytes in host plants leading to rapid changes in host and endophyte metabolism. This results in the accumulation of secondary metabolites, which play an important role in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Alkaloids are one of the important class of metabolites produced by Epichloë genus and other related classes of endophytes and confer protection against insect and mammalian herbivory. In this context, this review discusses the evolutionary aspects of the Epichloë genus along with key molecular mechanisms determining the lifestyle of Epichloë endophytes in host system. Novel hypothesis is proposed to outline the initial cellular signaling events during colonization of Epichloë in cool season grasses. Complex clustering of alkaloid biosynthetic genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the production of alkaloids have been elaborated in detail. The natural defense and advantages of the endophyte derived metabolites have also been extensively discussed. Finally, this review highlights the importance of endophyte-arbitrated plant immunity to develop novel approaches for eco-friendly agriculture.
R. Bharadwaj; Hema Jagadeesan; S. R. Kumar; S. Ramalingam. Molecular mechanisms in grass-Epichloë interactions: towards endophyte driven farming to improve plant fitness and immunity. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2020, 36, 1 -28.
AMA StyleR. Bharadwaj, Hema Jagadeesan, S. R. Kumar, S. Ramalingam. Molecular mechanisms in grass-Epichloë interactions: towards endophyte driven farming to improve plant fitness and immunity. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2020; 36 (7):1-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Bharadwaj; Hema Jagadeesan; S. R. Kumar; S. Ramalingam. 2020. "Molecular mechanisms in grass-Epichloë interactions: towards endophyte driven farming to improve plant fitness and immunity." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 36, no. 7: 1-28.
The extensive use of nanoparticles (NPs) in various industrial and household products pose a threat of their release into the environment. Plants being sessile are prone to be directly affected by these nanomaterials in polluted soils, which may represent possible risks to food safety and human health. In the present study, we compared the phytotoxic effects of metal oxide NPs namely nickel oxide (NiO), copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs at four varying concentrations (100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L) on in-vitro grown seedlings of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra). All the NPs tested demonstrated a suppressed plant growth in a concentration-dependent manner which was evidenced from the repression of shoot and root length. A decrease in chlorophyll content was recorded in the NP-treated plants. Anthocyanin contents, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were significantly altered in the NP-treated plants. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was monitored in the roots of NP-treated plants using 4-nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and 3, 3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining, demonstrated an increase in ROS production in a dose-dependent manner in plants exposed to all three NPs. Enhanced ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) production was recorded in A. esculentus seedlings when exposed to NPs. Among the three metal oxide NPs compared in the study, NiO NPs were found to be more toxic than CuO and ZnO ones.
Venkidasamy Baskar; Nayeem Safia; Kuppuraj Sree Preethy; Selvaraj Dhivya; Muthu Thiruvengadam; Ramalingam Sathishkumar. A comparative study of phytotoxic effects of metal oxide (CuO, ZnO and NiO) nanoparticles on in-vitro grown Abelmoschus esculentus. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 2020, 155, 374 -383.
AMA StyleVenkidasamy Baskar, Nayeem Safia, Kuppuraj Sree Preethy, Selvaraj Dhivya, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Ramalingam Sathishkumar. A comparative study of phytotoxic effects of metal oxide (CuO, ZnO and NiO) nanoparticles on in-vitro grown Abelmoschus esculentus. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology. 2020; 155 (2):374-383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVenkidasamy Baskar; Nayeem Safia; Kuppuraj Sree Preethy; Selvaraj Dhivya; Muthu Thiruvengadam; Ramalingam Sathishkumar. 2020. "A comparative study of phytotoxic effects of metal oxide (CuO, ZnO and NiO) nanoparticles on in-vitro grown Abelmoschus esculentus." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 155, no. 2: 374-383.
A comprehensive study of various components of rice tissue culture media and physical parameters was carried out to characterize the factors affecting in vitro plantlet regeneration and subsequent transformation from two recalcitrant indica rice cultivars, ASD16 and IR64. The choice and concentrations of carbon sources, light/dark incubation, gelling agents, amino acid supplementation and hormone combinations in the regeneration medium greatly influenced the regeneration potential. Among four different carbon sources tested maltose (3%) was identified as the best for callus and shoot induction. Among different formulations of hormones tested, both cultivars recorded the highest regeneration frequencies when the medium was supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BAP+1.0 mg/L NAA. Partially desiccating the calli for 48 h resulted in a higher frequency of regeneration and among different gelling agents, gelrite induced maximum callus induction while agarose was found to be a better choice in regeneration. Callus induction and embryogenic calli initiation were higher when the calli were incubated in the dark, whereas high shoot numbers and regeneration efficiency in both cultivars were enhanced when incubated in the light. The optimized conditions yielded higher regeneration frequencies during transformation experiments and the transformants were analyzed by PCR, Southern blotting and GUS histochemical staining for asserting successful transformation. The results indicated that manipulation of media supplements and partial desiccation reported here used either individually or in combination can greatly enhance plantlet regeneration which is essential for an efficient genetic transformation system in recalcitrant indica rice cultivars.
Sathish Sundararajan; Venkatesh Rajendran; Safia Nayeem; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Physicochemical factors modulate regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of recalcitrant indica rice cultivars - ASD16 and IR64. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020, 24, 101519 .
AMA StyleSathish Sundararajan, Venkatesh Rajendran, Safia Nayeem, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Physicochemical factors modulate regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of recalcitrant indica rice cultivars - ASD16 and IR64. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2020; 24 ():101519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSathish Sundararajan; Venkatesh Rajendran; Safia Nayeem; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2020. "Physicochemical factors modulate regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of recalcitrant indica rice cultivars - ASD16 and IR64." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 24, no. : 101519.
Gloriosa superba L. tubers are a rich source of commercially important colchicine and due to overexploitation, the species has become vulnerable. In the present investigation, in vitro tuber productions were carried out for its propagation and conservation. The in vitro and field-grown tubers were assessed for their colchicine content and antimicrobial activities. Maximum callusing was obtained when the medium was supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin). Among different auxins tested for in vitro tuberous root production, IAA (1.5 mg/L) induced 78.2% tuberous root per callus. In vitro micro-tuber raised in media supplemented with 1.5 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) recorded the highest response (72.9%) with 28.4 tubers per explant. Sucrose (6%) with TDZ (1.5 mg/L) produced significantly more micro-tubers per callus. Elicitor treatment with AlCl3 at 125 µM and 150 µM resulted in a significant increase in the micro-tuber and tuberous root production respectively. N6-(2-Isopentenyl) adenine (2ip) (1.0 mg/L) induced the highest frequency of in vitro micro-tuber sprouting and tuber formation compared to 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The elicitor-treatments with AlCl3 significantly increased the colchicine content of in vitro tuberous root and tubers than that of the field grown tubers. The anti-microbial activity of in vitro raised tubers, tuberous roots and AlCl3 treated samples were significantly higher compared to the field grown samples. An optimized tissue culture system for mass propagation of G. superba with conservation aspects and the production of high-value colchicine is presented here, which can be used in various medicinal systems. Manipulation of PGR’S significantly enhanced in vitro tuberization from noncorm bud explants. Elicitor treatment with AlCl3 enhanced the production of colchicine. HPLC analysis revealed significantly higher colchicine content in in vitro raised plants compared to field grown tubers. The study will help in mass propagation, conservation, and commercialization of Gloriosa superba L. for large scale production of colchicine.
Sivakumar Subiramani; Sathish Sundararajan; Siva Govindarajan; Vinoth Sadasivam; Prem Kumar Ganesan; Gurusaravanan Packiaraj; Vigneswaran Manickam; Senthil Kumar Thiruppathi; Sathishkumar Ramalingam; Jayabalan Narayanasamy. Optimized in vitro micro-tuber production for colchicine biosynthesis in Gloriosa superba L. and its anti-microbial activity against Candida albicans. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 2019, 139, 177 -190.
AMA StyleSivakumar Subiramani, Sathish Sundararajan, Siva Govindarajan, Vinoth Sadasivam, Prem Kumar Ganesan, Gurusaravanan Packiaraj, Vigneswaran Manickam, Senthil Kumar Thiruppathi, Sathishkumar Ramalingam, Jayabalan Narayanasamy. Optimized in vitro micro-tuber production for colchicine biosynthesis in Gloriosa superba L. and its anti-microbial activity against Candida albicans. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2019; 139 (1):177-190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSivakumar Subiramani; Sathish Sundararajan; Siva Govindarajan; Vinoth Sadasivam; Prem Kumar Ganesan; Gurusaravanan Packiaraj; Vigneswaran Manickam; Senthil Kumar Thiruppathi; Sathishkumar Ramalingam; Jayabalan Narayanasamy. 2019. "Optimized in vitro micro-tuber production for colchicine biosynthesis in Gloriosa superba L. and its anti-microbial activity against Candida albicans." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 139, no. 1: 177-190.
The present investigation was carried out to demonstrate the plant morphogenetic potential of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in a commercially important medicinal plant Canscora diffusa. Leaf and nodal explants were used and highest callusing frequency (97.18%) was recorded for leaf explants supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA +2.0 mg/L 2ip + 15 µM SNP. SNP enhanced multiple shoot formation in both nodal and leaf explants derived callus considerably in the media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA + 15 µM SNP and 0.5 mg/L BAP + 15 µM SNP (98.32 and 96.12%) respectively. The root induction also drastically increased with the supplementation of SNP (10 µM) in combination with 1.0 mg/L IBA. Our results proved that SNP with other growth hormones acts synergistically to enhance the in vitro responses including the callus, shoot, and root induction. This optimized tissue culture system will be very useful for the mass propagation of C. diffusa for both commercial and conservation aspects.
Sivakumar Subiramani; Sathish Sundararajan; Hari Priya Sivakumar; Venkatesh Rajendran; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Sodium nitroprusside enhances callus induction and shoot regeneration in high value medicinal plant Canscora diffusa. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 2019, 139, 65 -75.
AMA StyleSivakumar Subiramani, Sathish Sundararajan, Hari Priya Sivakumar, Venkatesh Rajendran, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Sodium nitroprusside enhances callus induction and shoot regeneration in high value medicinal plant Canscora diffusa. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2019; 139 (1):65-75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSivakumar Subiramani; Sathish Sundararajan; Hari Priya Sivakumar; Venkatesh Rajendran; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2019. "Sodium nitroprusside enhances callus induction and shoot regeneration in high value medicinal plant Canscora diffusa." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 139, no. 1: 65-75.
The present investigation was carried out to establish a simple and efficient in vitro method for rapid propagation of Daucus carota L for different applications. Root, stem, leaf and seed explants were tested to induce callus on Gamborg medium supplemented with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for cell suspension culture establishment. The leaf, stem, seed explants induced calluses were more embryogenic and viable when compared to callus derived from tap root explants. Plant regeneration potential of embryogenic callus from tap root showed very slow response producing only fewer shoots, whereas the response of other explants derived calluses like stem, leaves and seeds exhibited rapid multiple shoot formation within three weeks’ time. Tap root derived suspension culture showed more clumps with less viable embryogenic cells, in contrast to the stem and seed derived suspension cultures, where cells were more embryogenic and proliferative. Explant, concentration of carbohydrates, 2,4-D and amino acids were tested for embryo induction response and it was found that 3% sucrose, 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and amino acid alanine had great influence on embryo induction. The somatic embryos were subjected to desiccation prior to plating on the regeneration medium. It was found that 1 h desiccation increased the regeneration percentage of the embryos and the conversion frequency of embryos to plants decreased on increased desiccation time. These optimized conditions will be very useful for studies involving genetic transformation, cell cycle, cell proliferation, synthetic seed production and other physiological studies of D. carota species.
Sathish Sundararajan; Safia Nayeem; Sivakumar Subiramani; Venkatesh Rajendran; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Optimizing culture conditions for high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion in Daucus carota L. Biologia 2019, 74, 695 -707.
AMA StyleSathish Sundararajan, Safia Nayeem, Sivakumar Subiramani, Venkatesh Rajendran, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Optimizing culture conditions for high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion in Daucus carota L. Biologia. 2019; 74 (6):695-707.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSathish Sundararajan; Safia Nayeem; Sivakumar Subiramani; Venkatesh Rajendran; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2019. "Optimizing culture conditions for high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion in Daucus carota L." Biologia 74, no. 6: 695-707.
An efficient in vitro mass propagation technique was successfully developed for Gloriosa superba L. using callus induced from non-dormant corm buds. Sulfuric acid treatment was optimized to break seed dormancy which resulted in high frequency germination. Proficient callus induction and proliferation was observed when the explants were grown on modified MS (mMS) medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.5 mg l−1) and Kin (1.0 mg l−1). The combination of BA (1.5 mg l−1) and NAA (0.6 mg l−1) induced highest multiple shoot formation frequency. When the medium was supplemented with putrescine (15 mg l−1) the explants responded with highest multiplication frequencies of in vitro shoots. The regenerated shoots showed superlative response for in vitro rooting on mMS medium fortified with IBA (1.0 mg l−1), IAA (0.6 mg l−1) and 15% coconut water. Colchicine content of both field grown and in vitro raised plants was compared using HPLC and it was found that leaf samples from field grown plants showed 0.00241 mg/ml colchicine compared to methanolic extract from Spermidine, Spermine and Putrescine treated leaf samples which showed relatively higher concentrations of colchicine (0.00265 mg/ml, 0.00356 mg/ml and 0.00569 mg/ml) respectively. Putrescine treated in vitro plants showed only a marginal increase in colchicine content compared to spermine and spermidine treated plants. This established protocol will help in both pharmaceutical and conservation aspects of G. superba to meet its commercial demands in the future.
S. Sivakumar; G. Siva; S. Sathish; G. Prem Kumar; M. Vigneswaran; S. Vinoth; T. Senthil Kumar; R. Sathishkumar; N. Jayabalan. Influence of exogenous polyamines and plant growth regulators on high frequency in vitro mass propagation of Gloriosa superba L. and its colchicine content. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019, 18, 101030 .
AMA StyleS. Sivakumar, G. Siva, S. Sathish, G. Prem Kumar, M. Vigneswaran, S. Vinoth, T. Senthil Kumar, R. Sathishkumar, N. Jayabalan. Influence of exogenous polyamines and plant growth regulators on high frequency in vitro mass propagation of Gloriosa superba L. and its colchicine content. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2019; 18 ():101030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Sivakumar; G. Siva; S. Sathish; G. Prem Kumar; M. Vigneswaran; S. Vinoth; T. Senthil Kumar; R. Sathishkumar; N. Jayabalan. 2019. "Influence of exogenous polyamines and plant growth regulators on high frequency in vitro mass propagation of Gloriosa superba L. and its colchicine content." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 18, no. : 101030.
The present investigation was carried out to demonstrate the plant morphogenetic potential of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in a commercially important medical plant Canscora decussata. Leaf and nodal explants were used and highest callusing frequency (97.18%) was recorded for leaf explants supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA + 2.0 mg/L 2ip + 15 µM SNP. SNP enhanced multiple shoot formation in both nodal and leaf explants derived callus considerably in the media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA + 15 µM SNP and 0.5 mg/L BAP + 15 µM SNP (98.32 and 96.12%) respectively. The root induction also drastically increased with the supplementation of SNP (10 µM) in combination with 1.0 mg/L IBA. Our results proved that SNP with other growth hormones act synergistically to enhance the in vitro responses including callus, shoot, and root induction. This optimized tissue culture system will be very useful for the mass propagation of C. decussata for both commercial and conservation aspects.
Sivakumar Subiramani; Sathish Sundararajan; Hari Priya Sivakumar; Venkatesh Rajendran; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sodium nitroprusside enhances callus induction and shoot regeneration in high value medicinal plant Canscora decussata. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 2019, 137, 419 -419.
AMA StyleSivakumar Subiramani, Sathish Sundararajan, Hari Priya Sivakumar, Venkatesh Rajendran, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sodium nitroprusside enhances callus induction and shoot regeneration in high value medicinal plant Canscora decussata. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2019; 137 (2):419-419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSivakumar Subiramani; Sathish Sundararajan; Hari Priya Sivakumar; Venkatesh Rajendran; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2019. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sodium nitroprusside enhances callus induction and shoot regeneration in high value medicinal plant Canscora decussata." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 137, no. 2: 419-419.
Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) family genes play a crucial role in the phosphorus (P) foraging and recycling. There are 25 putative Jatropha curcas PAP genes (JcrPAP) were identified and classified into three groups based on their molecular weights. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that most of the JcrPAPs were localized to secretory pathway. Several PAPs possess signal peptide motifs and varied numbers of N-glycosylation and transmembrane helix motifs. JcrPAP proteins have 3–5 active pocket sites comprising 1 to 11 binding residues which interact with different ligands such as iron (Fe), N-acetyl l-d-Glucosamine (NAG), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn). The core structure of the predicted JcrPap28 was similar to the Ipomoea batatas Pap protein. Most of the JcrPAP genes showed higher expression in the root tissues compared to stem and leaf tissues. Several JcrPAP genes were upregulated under low phosphorus conditions. JcrPAP genes such as JcrPap26b, JcrPap27b, and JcrPap28 have shown multifold induction in low phosphorus treated plants which suggest that these genes might be involved in phosphorus metabolism. The present study provided the structural variations and expression regulation of JcrPAP genes in the economically viable biodiesel crop and it would be helpful for the crop improvement under phosphorus limiting conditions.
Baskar Venkidasamy; Dhivya Selvaraj; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Genome-wide analysis of purple acid phosphatase (PAP) family proteins in Jatropha curcas L. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2018, 123, 648 -656.
AMA StyleBaskar Venkidasamy, Dhivya Selvaraj, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Genome-wide analysis of purple acid phosphatase (PAP) family proteins in Jatropha curcas L. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2018; 123 ():648-656.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaskar Venkidasamy; Dhivya Selvaraj; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2018. "Genome-wide analysis of purple acid phosphatase (PAP) family proteins in Jatropha curcas L." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 123, no. : 648-656.