The definition of standard dynamic wind turbine models for power system stability analysis has been under development in recent years. These standard models, also known as generic or simplified models, have been developed under the framework of a new international standard, IEC 61400-27-1, the first edition of which was published in February 2015. These models are simplified representations of complex systems, such as wind turbines. Hence, the wind power industry urgently needs validation in comparison with real measurements to verify the accuracy and corresponding usability of the models. This paper presents the validation of a generic doubly-fed induction machine wind turbine model, commonly known as Type 3, based on a measurement campaign carried out in a Spanish wind farm. The wind turbine has been subjected to six voltage dips with different characteristics, magnitude, and duration, as well as several wind turbine operating conditions. The real behavior of the wind turbine is compared with the simulated response provided by the corresponding generic dynamic wind turbine model produced by the manufacturer Gamesa . Furthermore, the validation guidelines recently issued by IEC 61400-27-1 have been implemented, and the most important validation errors have been analyzed.

The generic wind turbine models developed in recent years by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Western Electricity Coordinated Council (WECC) are intended to meet the needs of public, standard, and relatively simple (small number of parameters and computational requirements) wind turbine and wind farm models used to conduct transient stability analysis. Moreover, the full-scale converter (FSC) wind turbine technology referred to as Type 4 by IEC and WECC, is increasingly used in current power systems due to its control benefits. Hence, the development of this generic model has become a priority. This study presents the validation of two generic Type 4 wind turbine models, which have been developed in accordance with the IEC and WECC guidelines, respectively. Field data collected from a real wind turbine located in a Spanish wind farm was used to validate both generic Type 4 wind turbine models following the IEC validation guidelines. Ten different test cases are considered, varying not only the depth and duration of the faults but also the load of the wind turbine. The parameters of the models were kept constant for all the simulation cases, aiming to evaluate the accuracy of the models when facing different voltage dips.

This paper analyzes the response under voltage dips of a Type 3 wind turbine topology based on IEC 61400-27-1. The evolution of both active power and rotational speed is discussed in detail when some of the most relevant control parameters, included in the mechanical, active power and pitch control models, are modified. Extensive results are also included to explore the influence of these parameters on the model dynamic response. This work thus provides an extensive analysis of the generic Type 3 wind turbine model and provides an estimation of parameters not previously discussed in the specific literature. Indeed, the International Standard IEC 61400-27-1, recently published in February 2015, defines these generic dynamic simulation models for wind turbines, but does not provide values for the parameters to simulate the response of these models. Thus, there is a pressing need to establish correlations between IEC generic models and specific wind turbine manufacturer models to estimate suitable parameters for simulation purposes. Extensive results and simulations are also included in the paper.

The expansion of wind power around the world poses a new challenge that network operators must overcome, namely the integration of this renewable energy source into the grid. Comprehensive analyses involving time-domain simulations must be carried out to plan network operation and ensure power supply. In light of the above, and with the aim of extending the use of the wind turbine models developed by Standard IEC 61400-27-1 and assessing their performance according to national grid code requirements, an IEC Type 3 wind turbine model has been submitted for the first time to Spanish grid code PO 12.3. Indeed, there is a lack of studies submitting generic wind turbine models to national grid code requirements. The model’s behavior is compared with field measurements of an actual Gamesa G52 machine and with its detailed simulation model. The outcomes obtained have been comprehensively analyzed and the results of the validation criteria highlight that several modeling modifications, in the cases of non-compliance, must be implemented in the IEC-developed Type 3 model in order to comply with PO 12.3. Nevertheless, the results also show that when the transformer inrush current is not considered, the reactive power response of the generic Type 3 WT model meets the validation criteria, thus complying with Spanish PO 12.3.