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Sebastian Fruhauf
BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria

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Journal article
Published: 20 August 2019 in Toxins
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Zearalenone (ZEN)-degrading enzymes are a promising strategy to counteract the negative effects of this mycotoxin in livestock. The reaction products of such enzymes need to be thoroughly characterized before technological application as a feed additive can be envisaged. Here, we evaluated the estrogenic activity of the metabolites hydrolyzed zearalenone (HZEN) and decarboxylated hydrolyzed zearalenone (DHZEN) formed by hydrolysis of ZEN by the zearalenone-lactonase Zhd101p. ZEN, HZEN, and DHZEN were tested in two in vitro models, the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay (0.01-500 nM) and an estrogen-sensitive yeast bioassay (1-10,000 nM). In addition, we compared the impact of dietary ZEN (4.58 mg/kg) and equimolar dietary concentrations of HZEN and DHZEN on reproductive tract morphology as well as uterine mRNA and microRNA expression in female piglets (n = 6, four weeks exposure). While ZEN increased cell proliferation and reporter gene transcription, neither HZEN nor DHZEN elicited an estrogenic response, suggesting that these metabolites are at least 50-10,000 times less estrogenic than ZEN in vitro. In piglets, HZEN and DHZEN did not increase vulva size or uterus weight. Moreover, RNA transcripts altered upon ZEN treatment (EBAG9, miR-135a-5p, miR-187-3p and miR-204-5p) were unaffected by HZEN and DHZEN. Our study shows that both metabolites exhibit markedly reduced estrogenicity in vitro and in vivo, and thus provides an important basis for further evaluation of ZEN-degrading enzymes.

ACS Style

Sebastian Fruhauf; Barbara Novak; Veronika Nagl; Matthias Hackl; Doris Hartinger; Valentina Rainer; Silvia Labudová; Gerhard Adam; Markus Aleschko; Wulf-Dieter Moll; Michaela Thamhesl; Bertrand Grenier. Biotransformation of the Mycotoxin Zearalenone to its Metabolites Hydrolyzed Zearalenone (HZEN) and Decarboxylated Hydrolyzed Zearalenone (DHZEN) Diminishes its Estrogenicity In Vitro and In Vivo. Toxins 2019, 11, 481 .

AMA Style

Sebastian Fruhauf, Barbara Novak, Veronika Nagl, Matthias Hackl, Doris Hartinger, Valentina Rainer, Silvia Labudová, Gerhard Adam, Markus Aleschko, Wulf-Dieter Moll, Michaela Thamhesl, Bertrand Grenier. Biotransformation of the Mycotoxin Zearalenone to its Metabolites Hydrolyzed Zearalenone (HZEN) and Decarboxylated Hydrolyzed Zearalenone (DHZEN) Diminishes its Estrogenicity In Vitro and In Vivo. Toxins. 2019; 11 (8):481.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastian Fruhauf; Barbara Novak; Veronika Nagl; Matthias Hackl; Doris Hartinger; Valentina Rainer; Silvia Labudová; Gerhard Adam; Markus Aleschko; Wulf-Dieter Moll; Michaela Thamhesl; Bertrand Grenier. 2019. "Biotransformation of the Mycotoxin Zearalenone to its Metabolites Hydrolyzed Zearalenone (HZEN) and Decarboxylated Hydrolyzed Zearalenone (DHZEN) Diminishes its Estrogenicity In Vitro and In Vivo." Toxins 11, no. 8: 481.