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Jens Hartung
Institute for Crop Science, Biostatistics Unit University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

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Original research article
Published: 17 August 2021 in Crop Science
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A common task in the analysis of multi-environmental trials (MET) by linear mixed models (LMM) is the estimation of variance components (VCs). Most often, MET data are imbalanced, e.g., due to selection. The imbalance mechanism can be missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), or missing not at random (MNAR). If the missing-data pattern in MET was caused by selection, it is usually MAR. In this case, likelihood-based methods are the preferred methods for analysis as they can account for a MAR data pattern. Likelihood-based methods used to estimate VCs in LMM have the property that all VC estimates are constrained to be non-negative and thus the estimators are generally biased. Therefore, there are two potential causes of bias in MET analysis: a data pattern not being MCAR and the bias of likelihood-based VC estimators. The current study tries to dissect and quantify both possible sources of bias. A simulation study with MET data typical for cultivar evaluation trials was conducted, in which the missing data pattern and the size of VCs were varied. The results showed that for the simulated MET, bias in VC estimates was similar under MCAR and MAR. Thus, the bias is solely due to the likelihood-based estimation. Bias increase when increasing the ratio of genotype variance to error variance is small. Bias was similar for MAR and MCAR data patterns. Thus, it may be concluded that selection does not increase bias in VC estimation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Jens Hartung; Hans‐Peter Piepho. Effect of missing values in multi‐environmental trials on variance component estimates. Crop Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Jens Hartung, Hans‐Peter Piepho. Effect of missing values in multi‐environmental trials on variance component estimates. Crop Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens Hartung; Hans‐Peter Piepho. 2021. "Effect of missing values in multi‐environmental trials on variance component estimates." Crop Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Foods
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In order to exploit the functional properties of fresh beetroot all year round, maintaining the health-benefiting compounds is the key factor. Thirty-six beetroot genotypes were evaluated regarding their content of total dry matter, total phenolic compounds, betalain, nitrate, and total soluble sugars directly after harvest and after cold storage periods of one and four months. Samples were collected from two field experiments, which were conducted under organic conditions in Southwestern Germany in 2017 and 2018. The outcome of this study revealed a significant influence of genotype (p< 0.05) on all measured compounds. Furthermore, significant impacts were shown for storage period on total dry matter content, nitrate, and total phenolic compounds. The medians of nitrate content based on the genotypes studied within the experiment ranged between 4179 ± 1267–20,489 ± 2988 mg kg−1 DW (dry weight), and that for the total phenolic compounds varied between 201.45 ± 13.13 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW and 612.39 ± 40.58 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of dry weight). According to the significant influence of the interactions of storage period and genotype on total soluble sugars and betalain, the decrease or increase in the content of the assessed compounds during the cold storage noted to be genotype-specific. Therefore, to benefit beetroots with retained quality for an extended time after harvest, selection of the suitable genotype based on the intended final use is recommended.

ACS Style

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi; Jens Hartung; Michael Fleck; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Cold Storage on Bioactive Compounds and Their Stability of 36 Organically Grown Beetroot Genotypes. Foods 2021, 10, 1281 .

AMA Style

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi, Jens Hartung, Michael Fleck, Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Cold Storage on Bioactive Compounds and Their Stability of 36 Organically Grown Beetroot Genotypes. Foods. 2021; 10 (6):1281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi; Jens Hartung; Michael Fleck; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. 2021. "Impact of Cold Storage on Bioactive Compounds and Their Stability of 36 Organically Grown Beetroot Genotypes." Foods 10, no. 6: 1281.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Cultivation of lentils had ended by mid-20th century in Germany, but a revival was initiated in the first decade of this millennium in Southwest Germany. However, knowledge of lentil cultivation was almost lost, and today’s yields are still low. To gain an overview of current farm practices and of factors that can help lentil cultivation thrive, 25 lentil farmers (21 organic, 4 conventional) from SW Germany answered questionnaires for agronomic data on lentil cultivation in the years 2015, 2016, and 2017. Eleven farmers took part in additional semi-structured interviews about their motivation and the most important factors (economic, ecological, and social) that encouraged them to grow lentils. Neither the lentil variety (Anicia, Späth’s Alblinse I and II), nor the companion crop for the usual mixed cropping (spring barley, oat, and camelina), significantly influenced lentil yield. If lentil cultivation is to further expand, data from more farmers could be evaluated and factors that contribute to crop thriving analyzed more clearly. The cultivation techniques currently practiced are diverse, and lentils integrate well into existing structures. Farmers appear motivated to grow lentils by good examples of colleagues, by availability of marketing channels, and by the desire to promote lentils’ ecological and social benefits.

ACS Style

Theresa Reif; Sabine Zikeli; Ann-Marleen Rieps; Carina Lang; Jens Hartung; Sabine Gruber. Reviving a Neglected Crop: A Case Study on Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris) Cultivation in Germany. Sustainability 2020, 13, 133 .

AMA Style

Theresa Reif, Sabine Zikeli, Ann-Marleen Rieps, Carina Lang, Jens Hartung, Sabine Gruber. Reviving a Neglected Crop: A Case Study on Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris) Cultivation in Germany. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Theresa Reif; Sabine Zikeli; Ann-Marleen Rieps; Carina Lang; Jens Hartung; Sabine Gruber. 2020. "Reviving a Neglected Crop: A Case Study on Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris) Cultivation in Germany." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 133.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Molecules
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The growing interest of consumers in healthy organic products has increased the attention to the organic production of beetroot. In this regard, six field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in three different locations under the specific conditions of organic agriculture, and fifteen beetroot genotypes, including one F1 hybrid as a commercial control and one breeding line, were compared regarding the content of the total dry matter, total soluble sugar, nitrate, betalain, and total phenolic compounds in order to investigate the genetic potential of new and existing open-pollinated genotypes of beetroot regarding the content of their bioactive compounds. The results of this study indicated a significant impact of genotype (p < 0.05) on all measured compounds. Furthermore, results revealed a significant influence of the interactions of location × year (p < 0.05) on the beetroot composition, and, thus, the role of environmental conditions for the formation of tested compounds. The total dry matter content (TDMC) of beetroots varied between 14.12% and 17.50%. The genotype ‘Nochowski’, which possessed the highest total soluble sugar content with 14.67 °Bx (Brix), was among the genotypes with the lowest nitrate content. On the contrary, the cylindrical-shaped genotype ‘Carillon RZ’ (Rijk Zwaan), indicated the lowest sugar content and the highest nitrate concentration. The amount of total phenolic compounds ranged between 352.46 ± 28.24 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of dry weight) and 489.06 ± 28.24 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW for the red-colored genotypes which is correlated with the high antioxidant capacity of the investigated genotypes. Due to the specifics of the required content of bioactive compounds for various products, the selection of suitable genotypes should be aligned with the intended final utilization.

ACS Style

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi; Jens Hartung; Michael Fleck; Simone Graeff-Hoenninger. Bioactive Compounds and Total Sugar Contents of Different Open-Pollinated Beetroot Genotypes Grown Organically. Molecules 2020, 25, 4884 .

AMA Style

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi, Jens Hartung, Michael Fleck, Simone Graeff-Hoenninger. Bioactive Compounds and Total Sugar Contents of Different Open-Pollinated Beetroot Genotypes Grown Organically. Molecules. 2020; 25 (21):4884.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi; Jens Hartung; Michael Fleck; Simone Graeff-Hoenninger. 2020. "Bioactive Compounds and Total Sugar Contents of Different Open-Pollinated Beetroot Genotypes Grown Organically." Molecules 25, no. 21: 4884.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2020 in Animals
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The surgical castration of male piglets as a routine procedure in modern pig production is facing increasing societal criticism. Pork production with boars and immunocastrates are available alternatives, but both have low market shares as it is so far uncertain how the carcass characteristics and primal pork cuts of boars and immunocastrates will be estimated in comparison to barrows and gilts. This article therefore evaluates the impact of sex group (gilts, boars, immunocastrates and barrows) on carcass characteristics and primal pork cuts using AutoFOM III data from a commercial abattoir. In our study, weekly slaughter data from a total of n = 36,994 pigs between 2018 and 2019 were analyzed. The results show that gilts had the highest amount of pork per carcass of all sex groups, whereas non-significant differences between boars, immunocastrates and barrows could be observed. Boars had the highest lean meat content, followed by gilts, immunocastrates and finally barrows with the lowest lean meat content. These results suggest that both immunocastration and pork production with boars are sustainable techniques that can replace pork production with barrows without affecting carcass quality.

ACS Style

Kevin Kress; Jens Hartung; Johannes Jasny; Volker Stefanski; Ulrike Weiler. Carcass Characteristics and Primal Pork Cuts of Gilts, Boars, Immunocastrates and Barrows Using AutoFOM III Data of a Commercial Abattoir. Animals 2020, 10, 1912 .

AMA Style

Kevin Kress, Jens Hartung, Johannes Jasny, Volker Stefanski, Ulrike Weiler. Carcass Characteristics and Primal Pork Cuts of Gilts, Boars, Immunocastrates and Barrows Using AutoFOM III Data of a Commercial Abattoir. Animals. 2020; 10 (10):1912.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Kress; Jens Hartung; Johannes Jasny; Volker Stefanski; Ulrike Weiler. 2020. "Carcass Characteristics and Primal Pork Cuts of Gilts, Boars, Immunocastrates and Barrows Using AutoFOM III Data of a Commercial Abattoir." Animals 10, no. 10: 1912.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Horticulturae
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The impacts of different growing substrate compositions, consisting of peat (PM), peat substituted with 30% green fibre (G30) and coco coir fibre (CC) growth media, were investigated in regard to the plant height, biomass and floral yield, biomass nitrogen (N) content, root growth, and cannabidiol content (CBD/A) of two phytocannabinoid-rich cannabis genotypes in an indoor pot cultivation system. Genotypes and substrate treatment combinations were randomly allocated to 36 plants according to a Latin square design. The results showed a higher total plant height for PM (39.96 cm), followed by G30 (35.28 cm), and the lowest in CC (31.54 cm). The N content of leaves indicated the highest values for plants grown in G30 (52.24 g kg DW−1), followed by PM (46.75 g kg DW−1) and a significantly lower content for CC (37.00 g kg DW−1). Root length density (RLD) increased by 40% (PM) and 50% (G30), compared to CC treatments, with no significant differences in root dry weight. Both genotypes, Kanada (KAN) and 0.2x, reacted in a genotype-specific manner. KAN indicated a reduced floral yield of plants grown in G30 (4.94 g plant−1) and CC (3.84 g plant−1) compared to PM (8.56 g plant−1). 0.2x indicated stable high floral yields of 9.19 g plant−1 (G30) to 7.90 g plant−1 (CC). Leaf DW increased in PM (5.78 g plant−1) and G30 (5.66 g plant−1) compared to CC (3.30 g plant−1), while CBD/A content remained constant. Due to a higher biomass yield, the CBD/A yield of flowers (549.66 mg plant−1) and leaves (224.16 mg plant−1) revealed 0.2x as an interesting genotype for indoor pot cultivation in a peat-based substrate substituted with 30% green fibres. Overall, the demand for organic green fibres to partly replace fractionated peat showed a genotype-specific option for a homogeneous plant development, with comparable high biomass yields and stable cannabinoid contents compared to a peat containing standard substrate.

ACS Style

Lisa Burgel; Jens Hartung; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Different Growing Substrates on Growth, Yield and Cannabinoid Content of Two Cannabis sativa L. Genotypes in a Pot Culture. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 62 .

AMA Style

Lisa Burgel, Jens Hartung, Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Different Growing Substrates on Growth, Yield and Cannabinoid Content of Two Cannabis sativa L. Genotypes in a Pot Culture. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (4):62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa Burgel; Jens Hartung; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. 2020. "Impact of Different Growing Substrates on Growth, Yield and Cannabinoid Content of Two Cannabis sativa L. Genotypes in a Pot Culture." Horticulturae 6, no. 4: 62.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2020 in Agronomy
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Prunus species are important crops in temperate regions. In these regions, drought periods are predicted to occur more frequently due to climate change. In this sense, to reduce the impact of climate warming, obtaining new tolerant/resistant cultivars and rootstocks is a mandatory goal in Prunus breeding. Therefore, the current study assembled three Prunus species including almond, (P. dulcis Mill D.A. Webb), apricot (P. armeniaca L.) and peach (P. persica L.) to model the temporal effects of drought. A hybrid peach × almond and a wild almond-relative species Prunus webbii were also included in the study. Physiological traits associated with photosynthetic activity, leaf water status, and chlorophyll content were assessed under three watering treatments. Results showed that effects of time, genotype, and treatment interact significantly in all traits. In addition, results confirmed that P. webbii have a greater tolerance to drought than commercial rootstocks. However, “Real Fino” apricot showed the fastest recovery after re-irrigation while being one of the most affected cultivars. In addition, from the better response to these watering treatments by the almond genotypes, two different trends were observed after re-irrigation treatment that clearly differentiate the response of the almond cultivar “Garrigue” from the rest of Prunus genotypes. A better characterization of the short-term drought response in Prunus, an accurate and more efficient evaluation of the genotype effect was obtained from the use of mixed models considering appropriate variance–covariance structures. Although the advantages of these approaches are rarely used in Prunus breeding, these methodologies should be undertaken in the future by breeders to increase efficiency in developing new breeding materials.

ACS Style

Pedro José Martínez-García; Jens Hartung; Felipe Pérez De Los Cobos; Pablo Martínez-García; Sara Jalili; Juan Manuel Sánchez-Roldán; Manuel Rubio; Federico Dicenta; Pedro Martínez-Gómez. Temporal Response to Drought Stress in Several Prunus Rootstocks and Wild Species. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1383 .

AMA Style

Pedro José Martínez-García, Jens Hartung, Felipe Pérez De Los Cobos, Pablo Martínez-García, Sara Jalili, Juan Manuel Sánchez-Roldán, Manuel Rubio, Federico Dicenta, Pedro Martínez-Gómez. Temporal Response to Drought Stress in Several Prunus Rootstocks and Wild Species. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro José Martínez-García; Jens Hartung; Felipe Pérez De Los Cobos; Pablo Martínez-García; Sara Jalili; Juan Manuel Sánchez-Roldán; Manuel Rubio; Federico Dicenta; Pedro Martínez-Gómez. 2020. "Temporal Response to Drought Stress in Several Prunus Rootstocks and Wild Species." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1383.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2020 in Agronomy
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The industrial need for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) increased over the last decade due to its potential use as food colorant. Safflower is mainly cultivated in Asia for its use as floret. In Germany, an economically attractive cultivation for floret use would require a mechanization of harvest. In order to develop a mechanical harvesting system, field experiments were conducted at the experimental station Ihinger Hof of the University Hohenheim in 2017 and 2018. Safflower was harvested with a combine harvester to obtain the florets. Two safflower (i) cultivars were harvested with (ii) three threshing parameter settings on (iii) five harvest dates to evaluate threshed floret yield, dry matter and carthamidin content, and carthamidin yield. Results showed that the maximum threshed floret yield was achieved at the latest harvest date (784.78–1141.76 kg ha-1), while the highest carthamidin contents were observed depending on cultivar on the first two harvest dates (0.53–3.14%). The decisive and resulting amount of carthamidin yield reached its maximum with the Chinese cultivar and the threshing parameter setting P3 between the fourth and fifth harvest date in 2018 (19.05–19.36 kg ha−1). Highest dry matter contents were achieved at the last harvest date (62.67–77.77%). Individual capitula weight and carthamidin content decreased with later harvest dates. Further investigations should clarify whether the individual capitula weight and carthamidin content correlate with each other or are independent of the date of harvest. This could be a decisive criterion for the selection of cultivars for harvesting florets with a combine harvester. Reduced costs of machine harvesting compared to hand harvesting will make the cultivation of safflower for the food coloring industry in Germany more attractive in the future.

ACS Style

Kathrin Steberl; Jens Hartung; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Cultivar, Harvest Date and Threshing Parameter Settings on Floret and Carthamidin Yield of Safflower. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1272 .

AMA Style

Kathrin Steberl, Jens Hartung, Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Cultivar, Harvest Date and Threshing Parameter Settings on Floret and Carthamidin Yield of Safflower. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kathrin Steberl; Jens Hartung; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. 2020. "Impact of Cultivar, Harvest Date and Threshing Parameter Settings on Floret and Carthamidin Yield of Safflower." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1272.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2020 in Agronomy
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Due to the increase of the organic cultivation of beetroot and its growing importance as a functional food, the potential advantages of open-pollinated genotypes as an alternative for F1 hybrid genotypes has been investigated. In this regard, six field experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 in three different locations to investigate the agronomic potential of new and existing open-pollinated genotypes of beetroot and their performance under the specific conditions of organic agriculture. Fifteen beetroot genotypes, including one F1 hybrid as a commercial control and one breeding line, were compared regarding their total and marketable yield, individual beet weight, diameter of beet, and leaves-growth-base width. Furthermore, five randomly selected beetroots meeting common marketable criteria were evaluated optically with regard to skin smoothness, corky surface, root tail, scab incidence, and uniformity. Results of this study indicated a significant impact of genotype on eight of the assessed traits. The cylindrical-shaped genotype, Carillon RZ, demonstrated significantly higher total and marketable yields, with 53.28 ± 3.34 t ha−1 and 44.96 ± 3.50 t ha−1, respectively, compared to the yellow-colored genotype, Burpees Golden, which obtained the lowest total yield, 36.06 ± 3.38 t ha−1, and marketable yield, 27.92 ± 3.55 t ha−1. Moreover, the comparison of the open-pollinated genotypes with the F1 hybrid, Monty RZ F1, revealed that except for the traits yield, scab, and uniformity, the open-pollinated genotypes indicated desirable competitive outcomes and thus offer suitable alternatives for organic cropping systems. Overall, the observed genetic variability can be beneficial for breeding and food product development.

ACS Style

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi; Jens Hartung; René Groenen; Thomas Heinze; Michael Fleck; Sabine Zikeli; Simone Graeff-Hoenninger. Agronomic Performance of Different Open-Pollinated Beetroot Genotypes Grown Under Organic Farming Conditions. Agronomy 2020, 10, 812 .

AMA Style

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi, Jens Hartung, René Groenen, Thomas Heinze, Michael Fleck, Sabine Zikeli, Simone Graeff-Hoenninger. Agronomic Performance of Different Open-Pollinated Beetroot Genotypes Grown Under Organic Farming Conditions. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (6):812.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi; Jens Hartung; René Groenen; Thomas Heinze; Michael Fleck; Sabine Zikeli; Simone Graeff-Hoenninger. 2020. "Agronomic Performance of Different Open-Pollinated Beetroot Genotypes Grown Under Organic Farming Conditions." Agronomy 10, no. 6: 812.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2020 in Plants
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The impact of exogenously applied plant growth regulators (PGR), 1-naphthalenaecetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and a mixture of both (NAA/BAP-mix), was investigated in regard to plant height, length of axillary branches, number of internodes, biomass yield and cannabinoid content of three different phytocannabinoid-rich (PCR) Cannabis genotypes. The results showed that total plant height was significantly reduced under the application of NAA (28%), BAP (18%), and NAA/BAP-mix treated plants (15%). Axillary branch length was also significantly reduced by 58% (NAA) and 30% (NAA/BAP-mix). BAP did not significantly reduce the length of axillary branches. The number of internodes was reduced by NAA (19%), BAP (10%), and the NAA/BAP-mix (14%) compared to the untreated control. NAA application influenced the plant architecture of the tested cv. KANADA beneficially, resulting in a more compact growth habitus, while inflorescence yield (23.51 g plant−1) remained similar compared to the control (24.31 g plant−1). Inflorescence yield of v. 0.2x and cv. FED was reduced due to PGR application while cannabinoid content remained stable. Overall, the application of PGR could be used on a genotype-specific level to beneficially influence plant architecture and optimize inflorescence yield per unit area and thus cannabinoid yield, especially in the presence of space limitations under indoor cultivation.

ACS Style

Lisa Burgel; Jens Hartung; Daniele Schibano; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Different Phytohormones on Morphology, Yield and Cannabinoid Content of Cannabis sativa L. Plants 2020, 9, 725 .

AMA Style

Lisa Burgel, Jens Hartung, Daniele Schibano, Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Different Phytohormones on Morphology, Yield and Cannabinoid Content of Cannabis sativa L. Plants. 2020; 9 (6):725.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa Burgel; Jens Hartung; Daniele Schibano; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. 2020. "Impact of Different Phytohormones on Morphology, Yield and Cannabinoid Content of Cannabis sativa L." Plants 9, no. 6: 725.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2020 in Agronomy
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The current demand for safflower florets (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the food-coloring industry, especially in Europe, is rising. The present production, mainly located in China, is not sufficient. Unlike for the production of seeds, there are currently no recommendations for the cultivation of safflower for floret production in Germany. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the experimental station Ihinger Hof, Southwestern Germany, in 2017 and 2018. The aim was to evaluate yield and yield parameters, such as number of capitula, floret yield, and carthamidin content for (i) two cultivars grown with (ii) two row spacing (12 and 33 cm) using (iii) two sowing densities (40 and 75 plants m−2), and (iv) five harvest dates. Results showed that lower sowing densities resulted in a significantly larger number of branches and capitula per plant and higher yields of florets and carthamidin. Harvesting two to three weeks after flowering resulted in the significantly highest floret and carthamidin yields. More capitula per plant, higher carthamidin contents, and higher floret and carthamidin yields were obtained with the Chinese cultivar. In general, yields of flowering florets (2.30–468.96 kg ha−1), carthamidin contents (2.53–8.29%), and carthamidin yields (0.04–37.86 kg ha−1) were comparable to or higher than in other studies. In conclusion, this study showed that safflower has great potential for the production of florets in Southwest Germany, for the food-color industry.

ACS Style

Kathrin Steberl; Jens Hartung; Sebastian Munz; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Effect of Row Spacing, Sowing Density, and Harvest Time on Floret Yield and Yield Components of Two Safflower Cultivars Grown in Southwestern Germany. Agronomy 2020, 10, 664 .

AMA Style

Kathrin Steberl, Jens Hartung, Sebastian Munz, Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Effect of Row Spacing, Sowing Density, and Harvest Time on Floret Yield and Yield Components of Two Safflower Cultivars Grown in Southwestern Germany. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (5):664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kathrin Steberl; Jens Hartung; Sebastian Munz; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. 2020. "Effect of Row Spacing, Sowing Density, and Harvest Time on Floret Yield and Yield Components of Two Safflower Cultivars Grown in Southwestern Germany." Agronomy 10, no. 5: 664.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2020 in Agronomy
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Increasing air and soil temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns as consequences of climate change will affect crop production in agricultural ecosystems. The combined effects of soil warming and altered precipitation on the productivity and product quality of oil crops are not yet well studied. Winter oilseed rape (OSR) (Brassica napus L., cv. Mercedes) was field-grown under elevated soil temperature (+2.5 °C), reduced precipitation amount (−25%), reduced precipitation frequency (−50%) both separately and in combination in order to investigate effects on crop development, seed yield, and seed quality. Soil warming accelerated crop development during early plant growth and during spring. At maturity, however, plants in all treatments were similar in quantitative (aboveground biomass, seed yield) and qualitative (protein and oil content, amino acids, fatty acids) parameters. We observed the long-term effects of the precipitation manipulation on leaf size, leaf senescence and biomass allocation. Seed yield was not affected by the altered climatic factors, perhaps due to adaptation of soil microorganisms to permanent soil warming and to relatively wet conditions during the seed-filling period. Overall, OSR performed well under moderate changes in soil temperature and precipitation patterns; thus, we observed stable seed yield without negative impacts on nutritive seed quality.

ACS Style

Ireen Drebenstedt; Leonie Hart; Christian Poll; Sven Marhan; Ellen Kandeler; Christoph Böttcher; Torsten Meiners; Jens Hartung; Petra Högy. Do Soil Warming and Changes in Precipitation Patterns Affect Seed Yield and Seed Quality of Field-Grown Winter Oilseed Rape? Agronomy 2020, 10, 520 .

AMA Style

Ireen Drebenstedt, Leonie Hart, Christian Poll, Sven Marhan, Ellen Kandeler, Christoph Böttcher, Torsten Meiners, Jens Hartung, Petra Högy. Do Soil Warming and Changes in Precipitation Patterns Affect Seed Yield and Seed Quality of Field-Grown Winter Oilseed Rape? Agronomy. 2020; 10 (4):520.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ireen Drebenstedt; Leonie Hart; Christian Poll; Sven Marhan; Ellen Kandeler; Christoph Böttcher; Torsten Meiners; Jens Hartung; Petra Högy. 2020. "Do Soil Warming and Changes in Precipitation Patterns Affect Seed Yield and Seed Quality of Field-Grown Winter Oilseed Rape?" Agronomy 10, no. 4: 520.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2020 in Agronomy
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The medicinal use of cannabinoids renewed the interest in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of growth stage and biomass fractions of seven industrial hemp genotypes. The study focused on biomass yield, content of cannabidiolic acid/cannabidiol (CBDA/CBD), cannabigerolic acid/cannabigerol (CBGA/CBG), and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA). The experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018. The biomass samples were taken at the vegetative (S1), bud (S2), full-flowering (S3) and seed maturity stage (S4). Plants were fractionated into inflorescence, upper and lower leaves. The average inflorescence dry yield of genotypes Futura75, Fédora17, Félina32 and Ferimon ranged between 257.28 g m−2 to 442.00 g m−2, resulting in a maximum yield of CBDA at S4, with 4568.26 mg m−2, 6011.20 mg m−2, 4975.60 mg m−2 and 1929.60 mg m−2, respectively. CBGA was exclusively found in genotype Santhica27, with a maximum CBGA yield of 5721.77 mg m−2 in inflorescence at growth stage S4 and a dry weight yield of 408.99 g m−2. Although these industrial hemp genotypes are mainly cultivated for fibre and seed production, however, cannabinoids offer an additional value. For an optimized harvest result, yield of extractable material and overall yield of cannabinoids must be considered.

ACS Style

Lisa Burgel; Jens Hartung; Annegret Pflugfelder; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Growth Stage and Biomass Fractions on Cannabinoid Content and Yield of Different Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Genotypes. Agronomy 2020, 10, 372 .

AMA Style

Lisa Burgel, Jens Hartung, Annegret Pflugfelder, Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Impact of Growth Stage and Biomass Fractions on Cannabinoid Content and Yield of Different Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Genotypes. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (3):372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa Burgel; Jens Hartung; Annegret Pflugfelder; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. 2020. "Impact of Growth Stage and Biomass Fractions on Cannabinoid Content and Yield of Different Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Genotypes." Agronomy 10, no. 3: 372.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2019 in Remote Sensing
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The determination of plant nitrogen (N) content (%) in wheat via destructive lab analysis is expensive and inadequate for precision farming applications. Vegetation indices (VI) based on spectral reflectance can be used to predict plant N content indirectly. For these VI, reflectance from space-borne, airborne, or ground-borne sensors is captured. Measurements are often taken at the canopy level for practical reasons. Hence, translocation processes of nutrients that take place within the plant might be ignored or measurements might be less accurate if nutrient deficiency symptoms occur on the older leaves. This study investigated the impact of leaf number and measurement position on the leaf itself on the determination of plant N content (%) via reflectance measurements. Two hydroponic experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, the N fertilizer amount and growth stage for the determination of N content was varied, while the second experiment focused on a secondary induction of N deficiency due to drought stress. For each plant, reflectance measurements were taken from three leaves (L1, L2, L3) and at three positions on the leaf (P1, P2, P3). In addition, the N content (%) of the whole plant was determined by chemical lab analysis. Reflectance spectrometer measurements (400–1650 nm) were used to calculate 16 VI for each combination of leaf and position. N content (%) was predicted using each VI for each leaf and each position. Significant lower mean residual error variance (MREV) was found for leaves L1 and L3 and for measurement position on P3 in the N trial, but the difference of MREV between the leaves was very low and therefore considered as not relevant. The drought stress trial also led to no significant differences in MREV between leaves and positions. Neither the position on the leaf nor the leaf number had an impact on the accuracy of plant nitrogen determination via spectral reflectance measurements, wherefore measurements taken at the canopy level seem to be a valid approach.

ACS Style

Georg Röll; Jens Hartung; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Determination of Plant Nitrogen Content in Wheat Plants via Spectral Reflectance Measurements: Impact of Leaf Number and Leaf Position. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 2794 .

AMA Style

Georg Röll, Jens Hartung, Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Determination of Plant Nitrogen Content in Wheat Plants via Spectral Reflectance Measurements: Impact of Leaf Number and Leaf Position. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (23):2794.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Georg Röll; Jens Hartung; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. 2019. "Determination of Plant Nitrogen Content in Wheat Plants via Spectral Reflectance Measurements: Impact of Leaf Number and Leaf Position." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23: 2794.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Postharvest Biology and Technology
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Maike Boxriker; Jens Möhring; Hans-Peter Piepho. Genetic and phenotypic correlation for breeding relevant traits in Dianthus caryophyllus L. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2018, 143, 129 -136.

AMA Style

Maike Boxriker, Jens Möhring, Hans-Peter Piepho. Genetic and phenotypic correlation for breeding relevant traits in Dianthus caryophyllus L. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2018; 143 ():129-136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maike Boxriker; Jens Möhring; Hans-Peter Piepho. 2018. "Genetic and phenotypic correlation for breeding relevant traits in Dianthus caryophyllus L." Postharvest Biology and Technology 143, no. : 129-136.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2018 in Nutrition & Food Science
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among children less than five years old and living in a rice surplus area in Demak Regency, Central Java. Design/methodology/approach From December 2014 to February 2015, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in Demak, which had a high proportion of undernourished children despite high rice production. In total, 384 mothers having children below five years old from farmer family background were interviewed using a structured questionnaire about sociodemographic parameters and child feeding practices. Food habits were also investigated among these women during two focus group discussions in two selected sub-districts. Findings Only 10.9 per cent of the children were exclusively breastfed for six months. About 60 per cent of the mothers practiced supplementary feeding in addition to breastfeeding and started complementary feeding too early. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding practice and child’s age at onset of complementary feeding were positively correlated (p = 0.04). The main reasons of supplementary feeding and too early introduction of complementary food were based on the elderly women’s opinions, and the very short duration of maternity leave for employed mothers. Mothers with a low education level had a higher chance of not reaching the optimum score of complementary feeding practices (p = 0.012). Originality/value Despite a high level of food security in the project area, inadequate knowledge of young child feeding practices has contributed to sub-optimal breastfeeding practices. Higher educated women were more likely to follow optimal complementary feeding practices. Therefore, promotion of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices targeting all key actors should be implemented in the study area to prevent undernutrition among infants.

ACS Style

Ziba Barati; Ratna Chrismiari Purwestri; Nia Novita Wirawan; Damaris Elisabeth Beitze; Leila Srour; Jens Moehring; Veronika Scherbaum. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among children living in a rice surplus area, Central Java, Indonesia. Nutrition & Food Science 2018, 48, 589 -604.

AMA Style

Ziba Barati, Ratna Chrismiari Purwestri, Nia Novita Wirawan, Damaris Elisabeth Beitze, Leila Srour, Jens Moehring, Veronika Scherbaum. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among children living in a rice surplus area, Central Java, Indonesia. Nutrition & Food Science. 2018; 48 (4):589-604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ziba Barati; Ratna Chrismiari Purwestri; Nia Novita Wirawan; Damaris Elisabeth Beitze; Leila Srour; Jens Moehring; Veronika Scherbaum. 2018. "Breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among children living in a rice surplus area, Central Java, Indonesia." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 4: 589-604.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2018 in Crop Science
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The precision of estimates of genotype means and genotype comparisons in agricultural field trials can be increased by using an appropriate experimental design and spatial modeling techniques. Both randomization-based and spatial analysis usually make the assumption of homogeneous variance, but in reality, this assumption may not generally hold true. If this is ignored, erroneous estimates of the precision of fixed effect estimates can result; therefore, some remedy should be sought in case heterogeneity of variance is detected. The objective of this study is to investigate methods of analysis accounting for possible variance heterogeneity along with the spatial trend, if any. The methods are explored using three maize trials from Ethiopia. We consider the Box–Cox transformation to stabilize variance and variance models, allowing for heterogeneity. For variance modeling we use the power-of-the-mean (POM) and exponential models. The Box–Cox transformation was found to be successful in stabilizing the variance, but estimating genotype means and their SE on the original scale is challenging. The POM and exponential variance models, which avoid this problem, were found to effectively deal simultaneously with both spatial correlation and heterogeneity of variance. Copyright © 2018. . Copyright © by the Crop Science Society of America, Inc.

ACS Style

Tigist Mideksa Damesa; Jens Möhring; Johannes Forkman; Hans-Peter Piepho. Modeling Spatially Correlated and Heteroscedastic Errors in Ethiopian Maize Trials. Crop Science 2018, 58, 1575 -1586.

AMA Style

Tigist Mideksa Damesa, Jens Möhring, Johannes Forkman, Hans-Peter Piepho. Modeling Spatially Correlated and Heteroscedastic Errors in Ethiopian Maize Trials. Crop Science. 2018; 58 (4):1575-1586.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tigist Mideksa Damesa; Jens Möhring; Johannes Forkman; Hans-Peter Piepho. 2018. "Modeling Spatially Correlated and Heteroscedastic Errors in Ethiopian Maize Trials." Crop Science 58, no. 4: 1575-1586.

Journal article
Published: 12 July 2017 in BMC Veterinary Research
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Bacillus (B.) anthracis, the causal agent of anthrax, is effectively controlled by the Sterne live spore vaccine (34F2) in animals. However, live spore vaccines are not suitable for simultaneous vaccination and antibiotic treatment of animals being at risk of infection in an outbreak situation. Non-living vaccines could close this gap. In this study a combination of recombinant protective antigen and recombinant Bacillus collagen-like antigen (rBclA) with or without formalin inactivated spores (FIS), targeted at raising an immune response against both the toxins and the spore of B. anthracis, was tested for immunogenicity and protectiveness in goats. Two groups of goats received from local farmers of the Kars region of Turkey were immunized thrice in three weeks intervals and challenged together with non-vaccinated controls with virulent B. anthracis, four weeks after last immunization. In spite of low or none measurable toxin neutralizing antibodies and a surprisingly low immune response to the rBclA, 80% of the goats receiving the complete vaccine were protected against a lethal challenge. Moreover, the course of antibody responses indicates that a two-step vaccination schedule could be sufficient for protection. The combination of recombinant protein antigens and FIS induces a protective immune response in goats. The non-living nature of this vaccine would allow for a concomitant antibiotic treatment and vaccination procedure. Further studies should clarify how this vaccine candidate performs in a post infection scenario controlled by antibiotics.

ACS Style

Susanne M. Koehler; Fatih Buyuk; Ozgur Celebi; Hayati Demiraslan; Mehmet Doganay; Mitat Sahin; Jens Moehring; Okechukwu C. Ndumnego; Salih Otlu; Henriette Van Heerden; Wolfgang Beyer. Protection of farm goats by combinations of recombinant peptides and formalin inactivated spores from a lethal Bacillus anthracis challenge under field conditions. BMC Veterinary Research 2017, 13, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Susanne M. Koehler, Fatih Buyuk, Ozgur Celebi, Hayati Demiraslan, Mehmet Doganay, Mitat Sahin, Jens Moehring, Okechukwu C. Ndumnego, Salih Otlu, Henriette Van Heerden, Wolfgang Beyer. Protection of farm goats by combinations of recombinant peptides and formalin inactivated spores from a lethal Bacillus anthracis challenge under field conditions. BMC Veterinary Research. 2017; 13 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susanne M. Koehler; Fatih Buyuk; Ozgur Celebi; Hayati Demiraslan; Mehmet Doganay; Mitat Sahin; Jens Moehring; Okechukwu C. Ndumnego; Salih Otlu; Henriette Van Heerden; Wolfgang Beyer. 2017. "Protection of farm goats by combinations of recombinant peptides and formalin inactivated spores from a lethal Bacillus anthracis challenge under field conditions." BMC Veterinary Research 13, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Postharvest Biology and Technology
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Maike Boxriker; Robert Boehm; Jens Möhring; Hans-Peter Piepho. Efficient statistical design in two-phase experiments on vase life in carnations ( Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Postharvest Biology and Technology 2017, 128, 161 -168.

AMA Style

Maike Boxriker, Robert Boehm, Jens Möhring, Hans-Peter Piepho. Efficient statistical design in two-phase experiments on vase life in carnations ( Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2017; 128 ():161-168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maike Boxriker; Robert Boehm; Jens Möhring; Hans-Peter Piepho. 2017. "Efficient statistical design in two-phase experiments on vase life in carnations ( Dianthus caryophyllus L.)." Postharvest Biology and Technology 128, no. : 161-168.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Food Chemistry
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In this study assessment of total phenolic, individual anthocyanin and total sugar content (TSC) of wide range of plum cultivars was done in order to select cultivars with high health benefiting compounds for potential breeding purposes. Total phenolics varied between 38.45 and 841.50mg GAE 100g(-1) FW. Cyaniding-3-rutinoside, cyaniding-3- glucoside and its equivalents were identified in anthocyanin measurement by HPLC with different ranges. TSC differed between 9.63 and 29.47%. Besides, evaluation of the effect of cultivar and year on phenolic content of 23 randomly selected cultivars over two following years (2013 & 2014) showed significant effect of both factors on phenolic content of plum cultivars. Overall, cultivars "Cacaks Spaete" which had high amount of total phenolics with stability over time, as well as "Hohenheim breed 4894" as a cultivar which contained high amounts of total phenolics, anthocyanins and TSC were selected for further breeding purposes to provide high nutritional quality plum to consumers.

ACS Style

Samira Sahamishirazi; Jens Moehring; Wilhelm Claupein; Simone Graeff-Hoenninger. Quality assessment of 178 cultivars of plum regarding phenolic, anthocyanin and sugar content. Food Chemistry 2017, 214, 694 -701.

AMA Style

Samira Sahamishirazi, Jens Moehring, Wilhelm Claupein, Simone Graeff-Hoenninger. Quality assessment of 178 cultivars of plum regarding phenolic, anthocyanin and sugar content. Food Chemistry. 2017; 214 ():694-701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samira Sahamishirazi; Jens Moehring; Wilhelm Claupein; Simone Graeff-Hoenninger. 2017. "Quality assessment of 178 cultivars of plum regarding phenolic, anthocyanin and sugar content." Food Chemistry 214, no. : 694-701.