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Mrs. Satu Kähkönen
LUT University

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0 Energy
0 Energy Efficiency
0 Paper
0 Pulp
0 forest industry

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Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
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Polysulfide pulping is a method to increase the pulp yield in a kraft pulp mill. Higher production is in the core of pulp mill process development, but modifications in cooking raise questions on their effects on the other parts of the process. This study focuses on the impacts of polysulfide pulping on the energy use and production of kraft pulp mills. The impacts are estimated by calculating and analyzing the steam and electricity balances of reference softwood and hardwood mills. Energy generation using residual biomass is an essential part of the operation of a kraft pulp mill, and often a notable source of income. The results show that implementation of polysulfide cooking affects both energy consumption and production. Higher hemicelluloses content of pulp cooked using polysulfide liquor means that less organic material ends up in the black liquor. Subsequently, the recovery boiler energy production suffers. The reduced steam production together with increased steam consumption decreased electricity production, corresponding to a decline in sellable electricity of 22.4 % in the hardwood mill and 28.4 % in the softwood mill. The study shows that increasing the pulp production by investing in polysulfide cooking in stand-alone kraft pulp mills can be economically feasible.

ACS Style

Satu Lipiäinen; Katja Kuparinen; Esa Vakkilainen. Effect of polysulfide pulping process on the energy balance of softwood and hardwood kraft pulp mills. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Satu Lipiäinen, Katja Kuparinen, Esa Vakkilainen. Effect of polysulfide pulping process on the energy balance of softwood and hardwood kraft pulp mills. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Satu Lipiäinen; Katja Kuparinen; Esa Vakkilainen. 2021. "Effect of polysulfide pulping process on the energy balance of softwood and hardwood kraft pulp mills." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal , no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
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The objective of this paper is to analyse role of forest industry in meeting energy and climate targets that aim to mitigating global change. Finland as an important forest industry country with the ambitious target of becoming carbon neutral by 2035 is selected to a target county. This study aims to present a plausible assessment of the future of the Finnish forest industry until 2035 based on literature and a scenario building approach. The focus is on energy use and fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The results suggest that electricity consumption will decrease, whereas electricity production will increase, which indicates that forest industry can provide more renewable electricity to the grid. Heat consumption may even increase as a result from building new biorefineries, but those mills can most probably meet their heat demand by combusting biofuels. Changes in forest industry’s direct fossil CO2 emissions can reduce Finnish fossil CO2 emissions 2─4% in comparison to 2018. Biofuels production is likely to rise, but the extent remains to be seen. It is concluded that the Finnish forest industry can contribute significantly to meeting national climate policy targets, and forest industry in general can play a role in mitigating global change. Additionally, it was found that development of the Finnish forest industry will probably be limited by the requirement for sustainable wood harvesting, which may also be a problem for other forest industry countries.

ACS Style

Satu Lipiäinen; Esa Vakkilainen. Role of the Finnish forest industry in mitigating global change: energy use and greenhouse gas emissions towards 2035. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2021, 26, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Satu Lipiäinen, Esa Vakkilainen. Role of the Finnish forest industry in mitigating global change: energy use and greenhouse gas emissions towards 2035. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 2021; 26 (2):1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Satu Lipiäinen; Esa Vakkilainen. 2021. "Role of the Finnish forest industry in mitigating global change: energy use and greenhouse gas emissions towards 2035." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 26, no. 2: 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2019 in Energies
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A key challenge in prevention of global warming is how to increase energy efficiency, to be able to deal with increased fossil CO2 emissions from rising energy usage. Increasing energy efficiency will decrease energy usage and is in a key role in emission mitigation. The focus is the pulp and paper industry, which is energy-intensive. Development of industrial energy efficiency has been studied before but the role of industrial transformation is still mostly unknown. The knowledge must be improved, to be able to predict future developments in the most effective way. In this research, impact of various production unit closures and start-ups on energy efficiency of the Finnish pulp and paper industry were studied utilizing statistical analysis. Results indicate that about 20% of the Finnish pulp and paper industry energy efficiency improvement between 2011 and 2017 is caused by the major structural changes. The rest, 80% of the progress, was mainly due to improved technology and more optimal operational modes. Additional findings suggest that modern mill start-ups have a significantly greater potential to reduce energy consumption than old mill closures.

ACS Style

Satu Kähkönen; Esa Vakkilainen; Timo Laukkanen. Impact of Structural Changes on Energy Efficiency of Finnish Pulp and Paper Industry. Energies 2019, 12, 3689 .

AMA Style

Satu Kähkönen, Esa Vakkilainen, Timo Laukkanen. Impact of Structural Changes on Energy Efficiency of Finnish Pulp and Paper Industry. Energies. 2019; 12 (19):3689.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Satu Kähkönen; Esa Vakkilainen; Timo Laukkanen. 2019. "Impact of Structural Changes on Energy Efficiency of Finnish Pulp and Paper Industry." Energies 12, no. 19: 3689.