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Bioretention is considered one of the best management practices (BMPS) for managing stormwater quality and quantity. The bioretention system has proven good performance in removing total suspended solids, oil, and heavy metals. The nitrogen (N) removal efficiency of the bioretention system is insufficient, however, due to the complex forms of nitrogen. Therefore, this paper aims to review recent enhancement approaches to nitrogen (N) removal and to discuss the factors influencing bioretention efficiency. To improve bioretention efficiency, several factors should be considered when designing bioretention systems, including nitrogen concentration, climate factors, and hydrological factors. Further, soil and plant selection should be appropriate for environmental conditions. Three design improvement approaches have been reviewed. The first is the inclusion of a saturated zone (SZ), which has been used widely. The SZ is shown to have the best performance in nitrogen removal. The second approach (which is less popular) is the usage of additives in the form of a mixture with soil media or as a separated layer. This concept is intended to be applied in tropical regions with wet soil conditions and a short dry period. The third approach combines the previous two approaches (enhanced filter media and applying a SZ). This approach is more efficient and has recently attracted more attention. This study suggests that further studies on the third approach should be carried out. Applying amendment material through filter media and integrating it with SZ provides appropriate conditions to complete the nitrogen cycle. This approach is considered a promising method to enhance nitrogen removal. In general, the bioretention system offers a promising tool for improving stormwater quality.
Wafaa Ali; Husna Takaijudin; Khamaruzaman Yusof; Manal Osman; Abdurrasheed Abdurrasheed. The Common Approaches of Nitrogen Removal in Bioretention System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2575 .
AMA StyleWafaa Ali, Husna Takaijudin, Khamaruzaman Yusof, Manal Osman, Abdurrasheed Abdurrasheed. The Common Approaches of Nitrogen Removal in Bioretention System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2575.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWafaa Ali; Husna Takaijudin; Khamaruzaman Yusof; Manal Osman; Abdurrasheed Abdurrasheed. 2021. "The Common Approaches of Nitrogen Removal in Bioretention System." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2575.
Bioretention is one of best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater quantity and quality control. To date, there has been a great deal of research on bioretention system. Many studies have been conducted on the performance of single bioretention in terms of water quality improvement. The aim of this paper to evaluate WQI of the treated stormwater through column investigation in cascaded bioretention arrangement. Three set of models for Set A, Set B and Set C as a control column have been set up with identical column configuration. The WQI parameters including pH, DO, BOD, COD, NH3-N, and TSS, have been evaluated. The pH for Set A, Set B and Set C ranged between 6.92 to 6.98, 6.80 to 6.93 and 6.69 to 6.99 respectively. The DO increment varied from 6 to 21%. All cascaded bioretention columns performed well for removal of BOD, NH3-N and TSS which were more than 80% except for COD was with the range of 66–72%. Cascaded bioretention system performed significant removal of pollutants. The overall performance of the system for WQI was above 70.
Husna Takaijudin; Manal Osman; Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof; Aminuddin Ab Ghani; Goh Hui Weng. The Effectiveness of Cascaded Bioretention System in Treating Urban Stormwater Runoff. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 2021, 39 -46.
AMA StyleHusna Takaijudin, Manal Osman, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Aminuddin Ab Ghani, Goh Hui Weng. The Effectiveness of Cascaded Bioretention System in Treating Urban Stormwater Runoff. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2021; ():39-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHusna Takaijudin; Manal Osman; Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof; Aminuddin Ab Ghani; Goh Hui Weng. 2021. "The Effectiveness of Cascaded Bioretention System in Treating Urban Stormwater Runoff." Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , no. : 39-46.
Urbanization that is becoming a trend around the globe, including in Malaysia, has led to an increase in impervious areas. This, in turn, has led to severe flood events in most countries. To alleviate the problem, management actions are required to produce the desired result in flow mitigation. Software and modelling tools can offer support in the specific selection of suitable options. This paper shall focus on a study that was conducted at the academic complex of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP). The chosen study location was known to experience flooding as the surface runoff did not drain efficiently on rainy days. An integrated BIOECODS was designed in front of Block 13 and Block 14 of the academic complex using EPA-Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The existing drainage system was simulated using a model to identify the potential flash flood area. A new diversion flow was then designed to allow surface runoff to discharge into artificial lakes acting as temporary storage before the water flows out through the outlet. The interconnection of the drainage network and artificial lakes in UTP was also analysed in this project. For the simulation model input parameters, rainfall of 50-year ARI with a 30-minute duration was assumed as rain intensity. The hyetograph was converted to input time-series data during model development. The analysis showed that node RS12-274 and node RS113-275 exceeded the maximum depth of surface runoff during storm events. Additionally, hotspot flooding area was determined at a lower elevation level of the roadside drain. Hence, mitigation was proposed by realigning the drain slope and providing a new diversion flow channel. The new model analysed using EPA-SWMM, including the bioretention pond, showed that overflow issues would no longer occur. A recommendation could be proposed when using the simulation model, such as considering some modifications to the EPA-SWMM to adopt best management practices (BMPs) in Malaysia.
N Z Kian; H Takaijudin; M Osman. An analysis of stormwater runoff rehabilitation for integrated BIOECODS using EPA-SWMM. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021, 646, 012048 .
AMA StyleN Z Kian, H Takaijudin, M Osman. An analysis of stormwater runoff rehabilitation for integrated BIOECODS using EPA-SWMM. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021; 646 (1):012048.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN Z Kian; H Takaijudin; M Osman. 2021. "An analysis of stormwater runoff rehabilitation for integrated BIOECODS using EPA-SWMM." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 646, no. 1: 012048.
One of the best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater quality and quantity control is a bioretention system. The removal efficiency of different pollutants under this system is generally satisfactory, except for nitrogen which is deficient in certain bioretention systems. Nitrogen has a complex biogeochemical cycle, and thus the removal processes of nitrogen are typically slower than other pollutants. This study summarizes recent studies that have focused on nitrogen removal for urban stormwater runoff and discusses the latest advances in bioretention systems. The performance, influencing factors, and design enhancements are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The review of current literature reveals that a bioretention system shows great promise due to its ability to remove nitrogen from stormwater runoff. Combining nitrification and denitrification zones with the addition of a carbon source and selecting different plant species promote nitrogen removal. Nevertheless, more studies on nitrogen transformations in a bioretention system and the relationships between different design factors need to be undertaken.
Manal Osman; Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof; Husna Takaijudin; Hui Weng Goh; Marlinda Abdul Malek; Nor Ariza Azizan; Aminuddin Ab. Ghani; Abdurrasheed Sa’Id Abdurrasheed. A Review of Nitrogen Removal for Urban Stormwater Runoff in Bioretention System. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5415 .
AMA StyleManal Osman, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Husna Takaijudin, Hui Weng Goh, Marlinda Abdul Malek, Nor Ariza Azizan, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani, Abdurrasheed Sa’Id Abdurrasheed. A Review of Nitrogen Removal for Urban Stormwater Runoff in Bioretention System. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManal Osman; Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof; Husna Takaijudin; Hui Weng Goh; Marlinda Abdul Malek; Nor Ariza Azizan; Aminuddin Ab. Ghani; Abdurrasheed Sa’Id Abdurrasheed. 2019. "A Review of Nitrogen Removal for Urban Stormwater Runoff in Bioretention System." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5415.
The flow resistance of the existing modules in the bio-ecological drainage system (BIOECODS) is high and may lead to flood instead of its mitigation. As part of efforts to enhance the performance of the system, the river engineering and urban drainage research center (REDAC) module was developed. This study modelled the hydrodynamics of flow through this module using FLOW-3D and laboratory experiments for two cases of free flow without module (FFWM) and flow with a module (FWM) to understand and visualize the effects of the module. With less than 5% error between the numerical and experimental results, REDAC module altered the flow pattern and created resistance by increasing the Manning’s roughness coefficient at the upstream, depth-averaged flow velocity (43.50 cm/s to about 46.50 cm/s) at the downstream and decreasing water depth (7.75–6.50 cm). These variations can be attributed to the complex nature of the module pattern with further increase across the porous openings. Therefore, the technique used herein can be applied to characterize the behavior of fluids in larger arrangments of modules and under different flow conditions without the need for expensive laboratory experiments.
Abdurrasheed Sa’Id Abdurrasheed; Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof; Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami; Husna Takaijudin; Aminuddin Ab Ghani; Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad; Abdulkadir Taofeeq Sholagberu; Muhammad Kashfy Zainalfikry; Manal Osman; Mohammed Shihab Patel. Modelling of Flow Parameters through Subsurface Drainage Modules for Application in BIOECODS. Water 2019, 11, 1823 .
AMA StyleAbdurrasheed Sa’Id Abdurrasheed, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami, Husna Takaijudin, Aminuddin Ab Ghani, Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad, Abdulkadir Taofeeq Sholagberu, Muhammad Kashfy Zainalfikry, Manal Osman, Mohammed Shihab Patel. Modelling of Flow Parameters through Subsurface Drainage Modules for Application in BIOECODS. Water. 2019; 11 (9):1823.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdurrasheed Sa’Id Abdurrasheed; Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof; Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami; Husna Takaijudin; Aminuddin Ab Ghani; Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad; Abdulkadir Taofeeq Sholagberu; Muhammad Kashfy Zainalfikry; Manal Osman; Mohammed Shihab Patel. 2019. "Modelling of Flow Parameters through Subsurface Drainage Modules for Application in BIOECODS." Water 11, no. 9: 1823.