This paper investigates the factors that influence the adoption of RSPO and Thai-GAP certification by oil palm smallholder farmers in Thailand. A random sample of 77 RSPO certified, 108 non-certified RSPO, 87 Thai-GAP certified, and 67 non-certified Thai-GAP smallholder farmers were interviewed to investigate the factors explaining the RSPO and Thai-GAP scheme adoption, respectively. The logit model was used to analyse the relationships between the adoption and the decision-making factors of the farmers. The results show that membership of farmer groups, the goal of the scheme, and trust in the scheme are the most significant factors affecting the adoption of RSPO certification. Scheme payments have a negative influence on adoption. In case of Thai-GAP, the results show the scheme payment, the image, concerns about the quality of land and water, and trust in the scheme are the most significant factors affecting the adoption. Finally, these findings suggest new factors may be attributed to several issues, including trust in the scheme, membership of farmer groups, the scheme’s goal, and trust in the scheme are the most significant. Designing and extension in influencing factors may play multiple roles in driving smallholder farmers to adopt sustainable certification schemes. This finding repeats that the usability of sustainable certification schemes in developing countries needs to be mobilised around a particular socio-cultural context. Including, understanding the factors affecting smallholder farmers’ intention to adopt Thai-GAP or RSPO certification is very important to plan and promote these schemes among other farmers and transform the current cultivation practices into more sustainable palm oil production.

Renewable energy promotion is recognized as an important goal in international climate policies in order to reduce CO₂‐emissions. Biodiesel can potentially be an important contributor in this respect, especially in Thailand with its large biomass production from oil palm cultivation. Palm oil is the main raw feedstock for biodiesel production. However, biodiesel production is also controversial in many respects, in particular considering its sustainability. This paper assesses the collaboration between different actors in the Thai biodiesel and oil palm networks in organizing biodiesel provision. Through qualitative interviews with key political, economic, and societal actors the structure and the dynamic of the biodiesel and oil palm industry, as well as the relevant policy dynamics, were investigated. We found that the implementation of biodiesel policy was dominated by the need to secure the production of palm oil‐based cooking oil leading to frequent adjustments. Sustainable improvement and environmental considerations hardly played a role in the interactions between the actors involved in the palm oil and biodiesel industries. Government agencies were dominant and steered the biodiesel and the oil palm industries both directly and indirectly via economic and societal actors. Nevertheless, the promotion of biodiesel continues to be the basis of the national renewable energy master plan with its clear target to balance and stabilize the economic, social and environmental issues. As the renewable energy master plan does not fit with the possible feedstock, the main challenges in achieving these sustainable targets are therefore how to maintain a stable and consistent policy, especially concerning balancing the palm oil used for biodiesel production on the one hand and palm oil‐based cooking oil on the other.

Private actors are essential partners in the sustainability governance of commodity-supply chains such as palm oil. However, their actual contribution to promoting sustainability is also contested. This article assesses the role of private actors in the governance of the palm oil-supply chain in Thailand by comparing supply-chain actors that are certified with the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) standards and non-certified supply-chain actors. The comparison entails input supply and production, collection and sales, processing and storage, and distribution. Building on the concept of (global) value chains, we examine the following governance dimensions in our comparison: the management of contracts and agreements, the role of trust in transactions, the relative power of various actors, and the control over smallholder farmers’ access to the market. Primary data were collected in the Surat Thani and Krabi Provinces in southern Thailand. We found that the RSPO-certified palm-oil chain was shorter, more transparent, and that farmers received higher prices than the non-RSPO-certified chains.

Ease of use and perceived usefulness have been underscored as predictors of user behavior. Furthermore, technological innovation is seen as a key to promoting key service features that develop service value for all users. However, past literature has not shown enough evidence to outline how these factors influence user satisfaction with electronic banking services. Thus, this research aims to examine associations between perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived value, and satisfaction; it uses technological innovation as the moderator. Some 650 pieces of data, which were collected from bank users, were analyzed using a path analysis method. Results showed that perceived usefulness and ease of use predicted users' perceived value. Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and perceived value also influenced user satisfaction. Finally, technological innovation moderated a link between perceived value and satisfaction. Overall, technological innovation developed the electronic banking service's value leading to the improvement of user satisfaction.

The study examines relationships linking AI literacy, halal literacy, information quality, destination inclusivity, perceived value, destination preference, and visit intention in Muslim tourists’ evaluations of Tana Toraja, a culturally distinctive non-Muslim heritage destination. Owing to the predominance of respondents without prior experience visiting Tana Toraja, the findings primarily concern anticipated perceptions and prospective visit intentions, not actual post-visit evaluations. The study contributes to tourism scholarship through a unified empirical framework connecting established constructs from AI-driven tourism, halal tourism, and inclusive heritage tourism. Data from 371 respondents were collected through an online survey and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results show that AI literacy significantly affects information quality and halal literacy, suggesting that digitally literate tourists are better positioned to filter and verify AI-mediated travel information. Halal literacy positively affects destination inclusivity and perceived value, while information quality enhances inclusivity, preference, and visit intention. Perceived value also strengthens inclusivity and preference, and destination preference strongly predicts visit intention. Overall, the findings suggest that trustworthy AI-mediated information, practical halal understanding, and perceived inclusivity may help reduce uncertainty among Muslim prospective tourists considering culturally distinctive heritage destinations.