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S.R. Majid
Center for Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Journal article
Published: 30 May 2021 in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks containing imidazolate-based linkers were successfully prepared into three different molar ratios 3:10, 1:1, and 10:3 mmol. The effect of 2-methylimidazole (HmIM)/ Cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O) molar ratio on the physicochemical characteristics of Co-based ZIF-67 showed that Co-ZIF-R3 has achieved the highest specific capacity of 86 C g−1 at 0.25 A g−1 in 1 M KOH. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) utilising Co-ZIF-R3 as fabricated cell exhibited 32 C g−1 at current density of 0.25 A g−1 within a large working potential of 1.70 V. Furthermore, 87% of its capacity was kept after 2500 cycles at the reversible current density of 0.50 A g−1 until 1.0 A g−1 revealed its high potential as electrode material for supercapacitor. This work not only amplified the information of direct use of MOF as cathode material in supercapacitors, but also the relation of the role of Co/HmIM molar ratio on the electrode materials with good electrochemical performance.

ACS Style

A.H.A. Rahim; S.R. Majid; Cheng-Kim Sim; S.N.F. Yusuf; Z. Osman. Synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of cobalt-based ZIF-67 with its potential as direct use electrode materials for supercapacitors. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2021, 100, 248 -259.

AMA Style

A.H.A. Rahim, S.R. Majid, Cheng-Kim Sim, S.N.F. Yusuf, Z. Osman. Synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of cobalt-based ZIF-67 with its potential as direct use electrode materials for supercapacitors. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2021; 100 ():248-259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A.H.A. Rahim; S.R. Majid; Cheng-Kim Sim; S.N.F. Yusuf; Z. Osman. 2021. "Synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of cobalt-based ZIF-67 with its potential as direct use electrode materials for supercapacitors." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 100, no. : 248-259.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2021 in Microchemical Journal
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) have attracted much attention from researchers in various fields due to their controllable morphology, high porosity and multifunctionalities. MOF is a new class of porous materials that are made by metal ions and organic ligands which can be applied in a wide variety of applications including energy conversion and storage devices. In this work, a simple and cost-effective method was introduced in synthesizing MOF using copper ions and 2-methylimidazole. Cu/Cu2O/C composite was then being derived from the MOF precursor, at various temperatures of 700, 800 and 900 °C as electrode materials for supercapacitor application. MOF precursor (CM-RT) contributed only 16 Cg−1 at the current density of 0.25 Ag−1 in 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte. However, MOF that has been heated at temperature 900 °C (CM-900) has achieved a maximum capacity value of 249 Cg−1 at a current density of 0.25 Ag−1 in a standard three electrode system. The asymmetrical supercapacitors which were assembled using commercial activated carbon and heated MOF, AC//CM-900 cell delivered an energy density of 30 Wh kg−1 and power density of 107 W kg−1. The developed electrode materials of Cu/Cu2O/C composite showed excellent electrochemical properties and new insights of copper-based MOF as electrode materials for energy storage applications.

ACS Style

F.J. Juni; S.R. Majid; S.N.F. Yusuf; Z. Osman. Electrochemical characteristics of Cu/Cu2O/C composite electrode for supercapacitor application. Microchemical Journal 2021, 164, 106055 .

AMA Style

F.J. Juni, S.R. Majid, S.N.F. Yusuf, Z. Osman. Electrochemical characteristics of Cu/Cu2O/C composite electrode for supercapacitor application. Microchemical Journal. 2021; 164 ():106055.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F.J. Juni; S.R. Majid; S.N.F. Yusuf; Z. Osman. 2021. "Electrochemical characteristics of Cu/Cu2O/C composite electrode for supercapacitor application." Microchemical Journal 164, no. : 106055.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Materials
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In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic framework (MOF) powder was prepared via the solvothermal method using 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDC) as the organic linker and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent. The thermal decomposition of the pristine cobalt-based MOF sample (CN−R) was identified using a thermogravimetric examination (TGA). The morphology and structure of the MOFs were modified during the pyrolysis process at three different temperatures: 300, 400, and 500 °C, which labeled as CN−300, CN−400, and CN−500, respectively. The results were evidenced via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallite size of all samples was calculated using Scherrer’s equation. The smallest crystallite size of 7.77 nm was calculated for the CN−300 sample. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were acquired for all the samples. The graphical study of the cyclic voltammogram (CV) gave the reduction and oxidation peaks. The charge transfer resistance and ionic conductivity were studied using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) responses of all samples were analyzed. The relatively high specific capacitance of 229 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 was achieved in the sample CN−300, whereby 110% of capacitance was retained after 5000 cycles. These findings highlighted the durability of the electrode materials at high current densities over a long cycle.

ACS Style

Ibnu Imaduddin; Siti Majid; Shujahadeen Aziz; Iver Brevik; Siti Yusuf; M. Brza; Salah Saed; Mohd Kadir. Fabrication of Co3O4 from Cobalt/2,6-Napthalenedicarboxylic Acid Metal-Organic Framework as Electrode for Supercapacitor Application. Materials 2021, 14, 573 .

AMA Style

Ibnu Imaduddin, Siti Majid, Shujahadeen Aziz, Iver Brevik, Siti Yusuf, M. Brza, Salah Saed, Mohd Kadir. Fabrication of Co3O4 from Cobalt/2,6-Napthalenedicarboxylic Acid Metal-Organic Framework as Electrode for Supercapacitor Application. Materials. 2021; 14 (3):573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ibnu Imaduddin; Siti Majid; Shujahadeen Aziz; Iver Brevik; Siti Yusuf; M. Brza; Salah Saed; Mohd Kadir. 2021. "Fabrication of Co3O4 from Cobalt/2,6-Napthalenedicarboxylic Acid Metal-Organic Framework as Electrode for Supercapacitor Application." Materials 14, no. 3: 573.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in Microchemical Journal
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ZnSnO3/mesoporous carbon composite (PP-ZTO) and porous carbon (PP-C) were synthesized via a simple combustion method at 500 °C for supercapacitor application. Highly porous composite material of 896.39 m2g−1 was achieved in PP-ZTO. Three well-resolved peaks at 27°, 34° and 52° were observed in the x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern can be indexed to ZTO. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) image of PP-ZTO clearly shown the high porous structure along with ZnSnO3 attached on the carbon surface. The composite material exhibited specific capacitance of 94 Fg−1 at the current density of 0.3 Ag−1. In symmetrical cell, cyclic voltammetry (CV) in PP-ZTO still maintained a nearly rectangular shape as compared to the leaf-shape of PP-C explained the contribution of ZTO in enhancing the electrochemical performance. PP-ZTO also performed excellent capacitance retention of ~80% after 3000 charge-discharge cycles with different current densities implying the high durability of the cell. The results indicating that ZTO/carbon as a promising candidate to be applied in supercapacitor.

ACS Style

Cheng-Kim Sim; S.R. Majid; Noor Zalina Mahmood. ZnSnO3/mesoporous biocarbon composite towards sustainable electrode material for energy storage device. Microchemical Journal 2021, 164, 105968 .

AMA Style

Cheng-Kim Sim, S.R. Majid, Noor Zalina Mahmood. ZnSnO3/mesoporous biocarbon composite towards sustainable electrode material for energy storage device. Microchemical Journal. 2021; 164 ():105968.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng-Kim Sim; S.R. Majid; Noor Zalina Mahmood. 2021. "ZnSnO3/mesoporous biocarbon composite towards sustainable electrode material for energy storage device." Microchemical Journal 164, no. : 105968.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2020 in Membranes
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Plasticized lithium-ion-based-conducting polymer blend electrolytes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA):chitosan (CS) polymer was prepared using a solution cast technique. The conductivity of the polymer electrolyte system was found to be 8.457 × 10−4 S/cm, a critical factor for electrochemical device applications. It is indicated that the number density (n), diffusion coefficient (D), and mobility (μ) of ions are increased with the concentration of glycerol. High values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss were observed at low frequency region. A correlation was found between the dielectric constant and DC conductivity. The achieved transference number of ions (tion) and electrons (te) for the highest conducting plasticized sample were determined to be 0.989 and 0.011, respectively. The electrochemical stability for the highest conducting sample was 1.94 V, indicated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) response displayed no redox reaction peaks through its entire potential range. Through the constructing electric double-layer capacitor, the energy storage capacity of the highest conducting sample was investigated. All decisive parameters of the EDLC were determined. At the first cycle, the specific capacitance, internal resistance, energy density, and power density were found to be 130 F/g, 80 Ω, 14.5 Wh/kg, and 1100 W/kg, respectively.

ACS Style

Mohamad Brza; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Salah Raza Saeed; Muhamad H. Hamsan; Siti Rohana Majid; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Mohd F. Z. Kadir; Ranjdar M. Abdullah. Energy Storage Behavior of Lithium-Ion Conducting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA): Chitosan(CS)-Based Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes: Preparation, Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Ion Transport Parameters, and Dielectric Properties. Membranes 2020, 10, 381 .

AMA Style

Mohamad Brza, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Salah Raza Saeed, Muhamad H. Hamsan, Siti Rohana Majid, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, Mohd F. Z. Kadir, Ranjdar M. Abdullah. Energy Storage Behavior of Lithium-Ion Conducting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA): Chitosan(CS)-Based Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes: Preparation, Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Ion Transport Parameters, and Dielectric Properties. Membranes. 2020; 10 (12):381.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamad Brza; Shujahadeen B. Aziz; Salah Raza Saeed; Muhamad H. Hamsan; Siti Rohana Majid; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; Mohd F. Z. Kadir; Ranjdar M. Abdullah. 2020. "Energy Storage Behavior of Lithium-Ion Conducting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA): Chitosan(CS)-Based Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes: Preparation, Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Ion Transport Parameters, and Dielectric Properties." Membranes 10, no. 12: 381.

Journal article
Published: 17 November 2020 in Polymers
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In this work, plasticized polymer electrolyte films consisting of chitosan, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and glycerol for utilization in energy storage devices was presented. Various microscopic, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the concerned electrolyte and the electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) assembly. The nature of complexation between the polymer electrolyte components was examined via X-ray diffraction analysis. In the morphological study, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to investigate the impact of glycerol as a plasticizer on the morphology of films. The polymer electrolyte (conducting membrane) was found to have a conductivity of 3.21 × 10−3 S/cm. It is indicated that the number density (n), mobility (μ) and diffusion coefficient (D) of ions are increased with the glycerol amount. The mechanism of charge storing was clarified, which implies a non-Faradaic process. The voltage window of the polymer electrolyte is 2.32 V. It was proved that the ion is responsible for charge-carrying via measuring the transference number (TNM). It was also determined that the internal resistance of the EDLC assembly lay between 39 and 50 Ω. The parameters associated with the EDLC assembly are of great importance and the specific capacitance (Cspe) was determined to be almost constant over 1 to 1000 cycles with an average of 124 F/g. Other decisive parameters were found: energy density (18 Wh/kg) and power density (2700 W/kg).

ACS Style

Shujahadeen B. Aziz; M. A. Brza; Iver Brevik; M. H. Hamsan; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; S. R. Majid; M. F. Z. Kadir; Sarkawt A. Hussen; Ranjdar M. Abdullah. Characteristics of Glycerolized Chitosan: NH4NO3-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Storage Devices with Extremely High Specific Capacitance and Energy Density Over 1000 Cycles. Polymers 2020, 12, 2718 .

AMA Style

Shujahadeen B. Aziz, M. A. Brza, Iver Brevik, M. H. Hamsan, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, S. R. Majid, M. F. Z. Kadir, Sarkawt A. Hussen, Ranjdar M. Abdullah. Characteristics of Glycerolized Chitosan: NH4NO3-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Storage Devices with Extremely High Specific Capacitance and Energy Density Over 1000 Cycles. Polymers. 2020; 12 (11):2718.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shujahadeen B. Aziz; M. A. Brza; Iver Brevik; M. H. Hamsan; Rebar T. Abdulwahid; S. R. Majid; M. F. Z. Kadir; Sarkawt A. Hussen; Ranjdar M. Abdullah. 2020. "Characteristics of Glycerolized Chitosan: NH4NO3-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Storage Devices with Extremely High Specific Capacitance and Energy Density Over 1000 Cycles." Polymers 12, no. 11: 2718.

Article
Published: 30 October 2019 in Journal of Electronic Materials
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Mesoporous carbon/ZnMn2O4 (C/ZMO) was synthesized via a simple and economical combustion method. C/ZMO-1 exhibited high porosity with a specific surface area of 794.94 m2 g−1. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results and x-ray diffraction patterns have proved that ZMO was successfully doped to the carbon source. Electrochemical properties of the materials were investigated with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge in 6 M KOH electrolyte using a three-electrode system. The electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the capacitance of C/ZMO-1 improved after ZMO was introduced, from 117.06 Fg−1 to 122.94 Fg−1 at a current density of 0.3 Ag−1. Additionally, high durability was observed in C/ZMO-1 with 90.77% of capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at various current densities. A symmetrical C/ZMO-1||C/ZMO-1 cell was fabricated with high durability and stability of 98.78%. An energy density of 1.94 Wh kg−1 and power density of 129.43 W kg−1 of the symmetrical cell has been achieved. A long cycle life with excellent durability results implied that mesoporous carbon composite is a promising, cost-effective and environmentally friendly electrode material for supercapacitors.

ACS Style

Cheng-Kim Sim; S. A. Razali; S. R. Majid; Noor Zalina Mahmood. Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary Mesoporous Carbon/ZnMn2O4 for Supercapacitor Application. Journal of Electronic Materials 2019, 49, 1024 -1035.

AMA Style

Cheng-Kim Sim, S. A. Razali, S. R. Majid, Noor Zalina Mahmood. Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary Mesoporous Carbon/ZnMn2O4 for Supercapacitor Application. Journal of Electronic Materials. 2019; 49 (2):1024-1035.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng-Kim Sim; S. A. Razali; S. R. Majid; Noor Zalina Mahmood. 2019. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary Mesoporous Carbon/ZnMn2O4 for Supercapacitor Application." Journal of Electronic Materials 49, no. 2: 1024-1035.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2019 in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
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A series of porous carbon/zinc dimanganese (ZnMn2O4) composites was successfully synthesized through low temperature combustion of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) activated pineapple peel (PP) and MnCO3 at 500 °C. The incorporation of manganese carbonate (MnCO3) played a vital role in modifying the pore shape and size of the sample which enhanced the rate capability and stability through the synergistic effect of carbon and ZnMn2O4. Highest specific surface area of 976.12 m2g-1 for porous carbon/ZnMn2O4 composite was obtained. The composite samples were further examined for its electrochemical performance and observed that PPZn-Mn1 achieved the specific capacitance of 104.89 Fg-1 while 119.03 Fg-1 in PPZn at the current density of 300 mA g−1. PPZn-Mn1 exhibited better rate capability and cycleability with capacitance retention at 97.06% after 5000 cycles as compared to PPZn composite which dropped to 79.52%. A symmetrical cell imposed similar characteristic which 83.89% of the capacitance was retained after 5000 cycles at 300 mA g−1. Thus, the incorporation of ZnMn2O4 in this composite has highlighted its role as the supporting element to enhance the performance in cycleability and durability test.

ACS Style

Cheng-Kim Sim; S.R. Majid; Noor Zalina Mahmood. Durable porous carbon/ZnMn2O4 composite electrode material for supercapacitor. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2019, 803, 424 -433.

AMA Style

Cheng-Kim Sim, S.R. Majid, Noor Zalina Mahmood. Durable porous carbon/ZnMn2O4 composite electrode material for supercapacitor. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2019; 803 ():424-433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng-Kim Sim; S.R. Majid; Noor Zalina Mahmood. 2019. "Durable porous carbon/ZnMn2O4 composite electrode material for supercapacitor." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 803, no. : 424-433.

Original paper
Published: 11 December 2018 in Ionics
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In this work, polyaniline (PANI) nanorods were deposited on electro-etched carbon cloth (EC) by facile electrodeposition method with the existence of purified aniline and sulfuric acid. Various deposition potentials were applied to achieve a good electrochemical performance of EC-PANI electrode. Different applied potentials resulted in different morphologies of PANI deposits and studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) characterizations were used to confirm the deposition of PANI on the EC substrate. The optimized PANI nanorods electrode exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 357.14 Fg−1 with an energy density of 40.18 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 1.28 Wkg−1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. A symmetrical cell of P1.4//PVA + 0.5 M H2SO4//P1.4 has recorded a good cycling stability with 95 and 88% capacitance retention at current densities of 200 and 300 mAg−1. EC-PANI electrode can be used as a scalable solution for high-performance energy storage devices.

ACS Style

S. A. Razali; Rusi; S. R. Majid. Fabrication of polyaniline nanorods on electro-etched carbon cloth and its electrochemical activities as electrode materials. Ionics 2018, 25, 2575 -2584.

AMA Style

S. A. Razali, Rusi, S. R. Majid. Fabrication of polyaniline nanorods on electro-etched carbon cloth and its electrochemical activities as electrode materials. Ionics. 2018; 25 (6):2575-2584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. A. Razali; Rusi; S. R. Majid. 2018. "Fabrication of polyaniline nanorods on electro-etched carbon cloth and its electrochemical activities as electrode materials." Ionics 25, no. 6: 2575-2584.

Original paper
Published: 15 July 2017 in Ionics
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An amorphous composite film consisted of manganese and nickel oxide was synthesized using simple chronopotentiometry method and tested as electrode material for supercapacitor. The composite film was examined using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical characterizations. The electrochemical characterization was performed using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and frequency response analyzer by a three-electrode configuration. The prepared composite electrode remained amorphous until 400 °C. The composite film deposited at 13 min and annealed at 300 °C was found to perform the best. It exhibited a good specific capacitance of 670 F g−1 over a potential window of 1 V in 1 M Na2SO4. Annealing temperature higher than 300 °C brought about a rapid decrease in specific capacitance. The composite electrode remained 61% of initial specific capacitance after 1000 cycles.

ACS Style

P.Y. Chan; S.R. Majid. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of amorphous manganese-nickel oxide as supercapacitor electrode material. Ionics 2017, 24, 539 -548.

AMA Style

P.Y. Chan, S.R. Majid. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of amorphous manganese-nickel oxide as supercapacitor electrode material. Ionics. 2017; 24 (2):539-548.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.Y. Chan; S.R. Majid. 2017. "Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of amorphous manganese-nickel oxide as supercapacitor electrode material." Ionics 24, no. 2: 539-548.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2017 in Ionics
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ACS Style

Rusi; C.-K. Sim; S. R. Majid. Morphology-controlled PANI nanowire electrode by using deposition scan rate in H2SO4/PVA polymer electrolyte for electrochemical capacitor. Ionics 2017, 23, 1219 -1227.

AMA Style

Rusi, C.-K. Sim, S. R. Majid. Morphology-controlled PANI nanowire electrode by using deposition scan rate in H2SO4/PVA polymer electrolyte for electrochemical capacitor. Ionics. 2017; 23 (5):1219-1227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rusi; C.-K. Sim; S. R. Majid. 2017. "Morphology-controlled PANI nanowire electrode by using deposition scan rate in H2SO4/PVA polymer electrolyte for electrochemical capacitor." Ionics 23, no. 5: 1219-1227.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2015 in Electrochimica Acta
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ACS Style

Rusi; S.R. Majid. Electrodeposited Mn3O4-NiO-Co3O4 as a composite electrode material for electrochemical capacitor. Electrochimica Acta 2015, 175, 193 -201.

AMA Style

Rusi, S.R. Majid. Electrodeposited Mn3O4-NiO-Co3O4 as a composite electrode material for electrochemical capacitor. Electrochimica Acta. 2015; 175 ():193-201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rusi; S.R. Majid. 2015. "Electrodeposited Mn3O4-NiO-Co3O4 as a composite electrode material for electrochemical capacitor." Electrochimica Acta 175, no. : 193-201.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2013 in Materials Letters
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ACS Style

Rusi; S.R. Majid. Synthesis of MnO2 particles under slow cooling process and their capacitive performances. Materials Letters 2013, 108, 69 -71.

AMA Style

Rusi, S.R. Majid. Synthesis of MnO2 particles under slow cooling process and their capacitive performances. Materials Letters. 2013; 108 ():69-71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rusi; S.R. Majid. 2013. "Synthesis of MnO2 particles under slow cooling process and their capacitive performances." Materials Letters 108, no. : 69-71.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2012 in Ionics
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Lithium stannate (Li2SnO3) has been prepared by solution evaporation method. The precursor obtained is sintered at 800°C for 5, 6, and 7 h, respectively. X-ray diffractogram confirmed that the sample obtained after sintering is Li2SnO3. The pelletized Li2SnO3 after heating at 500 °C for 3 h is used for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization. Impedance measurements have been carried out over frequency range from 50 Hz to 1 MHz and temperature range from 563 to 633 K. The conductivity–temperature relationship is Arrhenian. Several important parameters such as activation energy, ionic hopping frequency and its rate, carrier concentration term, mobile ion number density, ionic mobility, and diffusion coefficient have been determined. The characteristics of log conductivity and log ionic hopping rate against temperature for the system suggest that the conduction and ionic hopping processes are thermally activated. The values of activation energy for conduction and relaxation processes as well as activation enthalpy for ionic hopping are about the same.

ACS Style

L. P. Teo; M. H. Buraidah; A. F. M. Nor; S. R. Majid. Conductivity and dielectric studies of Li2SnO3. Ionics 2012, 18, 655 -665.

AMA Style

L. P. Teo, M. H. Buraidah, A. F. M. Nor, S. R. Majid. Conductivity and dielectric studies of Li2SnO3. Ionics. 2012; 18 (7):655-665.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. P. Teo; M. H. Buraidah; A. F. M. Nor; S. R. Majid. 2012. "Conductivity and dielectric studies of Li2SnO3." Ionics 18, no. 7: 655-665.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2010 in Optical Materials
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Solid electrolytes comprising 55 wt.%chitosan–45 wt.%NH4I, 33 wt.%chitosan–27 wt.%NH4I–40 wt.%EC (ethylene carbonate) and 11 wt.%chitosan–9 wt.%NH4I–80 wt.%BMII (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide) have been prepared by the solution cast technique. The conductivity for the 55 wt.%chitosan–45 wt.%NH4I electrolyte is 3.73 × 10−7 S cm−1 at room temperature. Complexation between polymer and salt has been proven by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy where the carbonyl and amine bands in the spectrum of chitosan acetate shifted from 1645 and 1557 cm−1–1618 and 1508 cm−1 in the polymer–salt spectrum. The addition of 40 wt.%EC to the 55 wt.%chitosan–45 wt.%NH4I electrolyte increased its conductivity to 7.34 × 10−6 S cm−1. The conductivity of the chitosan–NH4I electrolyte increased to 8.47 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature on addition of 80 wt.%BMII. The plasticizer containing electrolyte is still a free standing film. The ionic liquid incorporated electrolyte is still solid, but with reduced mechanical stability due to the low polymer content. This shows that at such low content, chitosan is still able to host ionic conduction. A photovoltaic cell with configuration ITO/titanium dioxide (TiO2)–solid electrolyte with I-/I3- redox couple/ITO has been constructed using each electrolyte system. The short-circuit current density, Jsc and open-circuit voltage, OCV obtained from the cell employing the polymer–salt electrolyte under white light illumination of intensity 56.4 mW cm−2 are 4.99 μA cm−2 and 0.15 V, respectively. The OCV for the cell with plasticizer containing electrolyte is 0.22 V and its Jsc is 7.28 μA cm−2. The solar cell with ionic liquid incorporated in the solid electrolyte exhibited an OCV of 0.26 V and Jsc of 19.23 μA cm−2, respectively.

ACS Style

M.H. Buraidah; L.P. Teo; S.R. Majid; A.K. Arof. Characteristics of TiO2/solid electrolyte junction solar cells with I−/I−3 redox couple. Optical Materials 2010, 32, 723 -728.

AMA Style

M.H. Buraidah, L.P. Teo, S.R. Majid, A.K. Arof. Characteristics of TiO2/solid electrolyte junction solar cells with I−/I−3 redox couple. Optical Materials. 2010; 32 (6):723-728.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.H. Buraidah; L.P. Teo; S.R. Majid; A.K. Arof. 2010. "Characteristics of TiO2/solid electrolyte junction solar cells with I−/I−3 redox couple." Optical Materials 32, no. 6: 723-728.