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The GPE− strain is a live attenuated vaccine for classical swine fever (CSF) developed in Japan. In the context of increasing attention for the differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) concept, the achievement of CSF eradication with the GPE− proposes it as a preferable backbone for a recombinant CSF marker vaccine. While its infectious cDNA clone, vGPE−, is well characterized, 10 amino acid substitutions were recognized in the genome, compared to the original GPE− vaccine seed. To clarify the GPE− seed availability, this study aimed to generate and characterize a clone possessing the identical amino acid sequence to the GPE− seed. The attempt resulted in the loss of the infectious GPE− seed clone production due to the impaired replication by an amino acid substitution in the viral polymerase NS5B. Accordingly, replication-competent GPE− seed variant clones were produced. Although they were mostly restricted to propagate in the tonsils of pigs, similarly to vGPE−, their type I interferon-inducing capacity was significantly lower than that of vGPE−. Taken together, vGPE− mainly retains ideal properties for the CSF vaccine, compared with the seed variants, and is probably useful in the development of a CSF marker vaccine.
Taksoo Kim; Loc Tan Huynh; Shizuka Hirose; Manabu Igarashi; Takahiro Hiono; Norikazu Isoda; Yoshihiro Sakoda. Characteristics of Classical Swine Fever Virus Variants Derived from Live Attenuated GPE− Vaccine Seed. Viruses 2021, 13, 1672 .
AMA StyleTaksoo Kim, Loc Tan Huynh, Shizuka Hirose, Manabu Igarashi, Takahiro Hiono, Norikazu Isoda, Yoshihiro Sakoda. Characteristics of Classical Swine Fever Virus Variants Derived from Live Attenuated GPE− Vaccine Seed. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1672.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaksoo Kim; Loc Tan Huynh; Shizuka Hirose; Manabu Igarashi; Takahiro Hiono; Norikazu Isoda; Yoshihiro Sakoda. 2021. "Characteristics of Classical Swine Fever Virus Variants Derived from Live Attenuated GPE− Vaccine Seed." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1672.
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) caused by BVD virus (BVDV) leads to economic loss worldwide. Cattle that are persistently infected (PI) with BVDV are known to play an important role in viral transmission in association with the animal movement, as they shed the virus during their lifetime. In this research, the “hot spot” for BVD transmission was estimated by combining phylogenetic and epidemiological analyses for PI cattle and cattle that lived together on BVDV affected farms in Tokachi district, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan. Viral isolates were genetically categorized into BVDV-1a, 1b, and 2a, based on the nucleotide sequence of the entire E2 region. In BVDV genotype 1, subgenotype b (BVDV-1b), cluster I was identified as the majority in Tokachi district. Network analysis indicated that 12 of the 15 affected farms had cattle movements from other facilities (PI-network) and farms affected with BVDV-1b cluster I consisted of a large network. It was implied that the number of cattle movements themselves would be a risk of BVD transmission, using the PageRank algorithm. Therefore, these results demonstrate that cattle movements would contribute to disease spread and the combination of virological and epidemiological analysis methods would be beneficial in determining possible virus transmission routes.
Shizuka Hirose; Kosuke Notsu; Satoshi Ito; Yoshihiro Sakoda; Norikazu Isoda. Transmission Dynamics of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Hokkaido, Japan by Phylogenetic and Epidemiological Network Approaches. Pathogens 2021, 10, 922 .
AMA StyleShizuka Hirose, Kosuke Notsu, Satoshi Ito, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Norikazu Isoda. Transmission Dynamics of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Hokkaido, Japan by Phylogenetic and Epidemiological Network Approaches. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (8):922.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShizuka Hirose; Kosuke Notsu; Satoshi Ito; Yoshihiro Sakoda; Norikazu Isoda. 2021. "Transmission Dynamics of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Hokkaido, Japan by Phylogenetic and Epidemiological Network Approaches." Pathogens 10, no. 8: 922.
Rabies remains endemic in Zambia. Despite conducting canine vaccinations in Lusaka district, the vaccination coverage and actual seropositivity in the dog population in Lusaka district are rarely evaluated. This study estimated the seropositivity-based immunization coverage in the owned dog population in Lusaka district using the expanded program on immunization cluster survey method. The time-series trend of neutralizing antibodies against rabies in vaccinated dogs was also evaluated. Of 366 dogs in 200 dog-owning households in Lusaka district, blood samples were collected successfully from 251 dogs. In the sampled dogs, 42.2% (106/251) had an antibody titer ≥0.5 IU/mL. When the 115 dogs whose blood was not collected were assumed to be seronegative, the minimum immunization coverage in Lusaka district’s owned dog population was estimated at 29.0% (95% confidence interval: 22.4–35.5). It was also found that a single vaccination with certified vaccines is capable of inducing protective levels of antibodies. In contrast, higher antibody titers were observed in multiple-vaccinated dogs than in single-vaccinated dogs, coupled with the observation of a decline in antibody titer over time. These results suggest the importance of continuous booster immunization to maintain herd immunity and provide useful information to plan mass vaccination against rabies in Zambia.
Chiho Kaneko; Michihito Sasaki; Ryosuke Omori; Ryo Nakao; Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura; Ladslav Moonga; Joseph Ndebe; Walter Muleya; Edgar Simulundu; Bernard Hang’Ombe; George Dautu; Masahiro Kajihara; Akina Mori-Kajihara; Yongjin Qiu; Naoto Ito; Herman Chambaro; Chihiro Sugimoto; Hideaki Higashi; Ayato Takada; Hirofumi Sawa; Aaron Mweene; Norikazu Isoda. Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia. Pathogens 2021, 10, 738 .
AMA StyleChiho Kaneko, Michihito Sasaki, Ryosuke Omori, Ryo Nakao, Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura, Ladslav Moonga, Joseph Ndebe, Walter Muleya, Edgar Simulundu, Bernard Hang’Ombe, George Dautu, Masahiro Kajihara, Akina Mori-Kajihara, Yongjin Qiu, Naoto Ito, Herman Chambaro, Chihiro Sugimoto, Hideaki Higashi, Ayato Takada, Hirofumi Sawa, Aaron Mweene, Norikazu Isoda. Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (6):738.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiho Kaneko; Michihito Sasaki; Ryosuke Omori; Ryo Nakao; Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura; Ladslav Moonga; Joseph Ndebe; Walter Muleya; Edgar Simulundu; Bernard Hang’Ombe; George Dautu; Masahiro Kajihara; Akina Mori-Kajihara; Yongjin Qiu; Naoto Ito; Herman Chambaro; Chihiro Sugimoto; Hideaki Higashi; Ayato Takada; Hirofumi Sawa; Aaron Mweene; Norikazu Isoda. 2021. "Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia." Pathogens 10, no. 6: 738.
Background An estimated 75% or more of the human rabies cases in Africa occur in rural settings, which underscores the importance of rabies control in these areas. Understanding dog demographics can help design strategies for rabies control and plan and conduct canine mass vaccination campaigns effectively in African countries. Methodology/Principal findings A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate domestic dog demographics in Kalambabakali, in the rural Mazabuka District of Zambia. The population of ownerless dogs and the total achievable vaccination coverage among the total dog population was estimated using the capture-recapture-based Bayesian model by conducting a canine mass vaccination campaign. This study revealed that 29% of the domestic dog population was under one year old, and 57.7% of those were under three months old and thus were not eligible for the canine rabies vaccination in Zambia. The population growth was estimated at 15% per annum based on the cross-sectional household survey. The population of ownerless dogs was estimated to be small, with an ownerless-to-owned-dog ratio of 0.01–0.06 in the target zones. The achieved overall vaccination coverage from the first mass vaccination was estimated 19.8–51.6%. This low coverage was principally attributed to the owners’ lack of information, unavailability, and dog-handling difficulties. The follow-up mass vaccination campaign achieved an overall coverage of 54.8–76.2%. Conclusions/Significance This paper indicates the potential for controlling canine rabies through mass vaccination in rural Zambia. Rabies education and responsible dog ownership are required to achieve high and sustainable vaccination coverage. Our findings also propose including puppies below three months old in the target population for rabies vaccination and emphasize that securing an annual enforcement of canine mass vaccination that reaches 70% coverage in the dog population is necessary to maintain protective herd immunity.
Chiho Kaneko; Ryosuke Omori; Michihito Sasaki; Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura; Edgar Simulundu; Walter Muleya; Ladslav Moonga; Joseph Ndebe; Bernard M. Hang’Ombe; George Dautu; Yongjin Qiu; Ryo Nakao; Masahiro Kajihara; Akina Mori-Kajihara; Herman M. Chambaro; Hideaki Higashi; Chihiro Sugimoto; Hirofumi Sawa; Aaron S. Mweene; Ayato Takada; Norikazu Isoda. Domestic dog demographics and estimates of canine vaccination coverage in a rural area of Zambia for the elimination of rabies. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021, 15, e0009222 .
AMA StyleChiho Kaneko, Ryosuke Omori, Michihito Sasaki, Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura, Edgar Simulundu, Walter Muleya, Ladslav Moonga, Joseph Ndebe, Bernard M. Hang’Ombe, George Dautu, Yongjin Qiu, Ryo Nakao, Masahiro Kajihara, Akina Mori-Kajihara, Herman M. Chambaro, Hideaki Higashi, Chihiro Sugimoto, Hirofumi Sawa, Aaron S. Mweene, Ayato Takada, Norikazu Isoda. Domestic dog demographics and estimates of canine vaccination coverage in a rural area of Zambia for the elimination of rabies. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2021; 15 (4):e0009222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiho Kaneko; Ryosuke Omori; Michihito Sasaki; Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura; Edgar Simulundu; Walter Muleya; Ladslav Moonga; Joseph Ndebe; Bernard M. Hang’Ombe; George Dautu; Yongjin Qiu; Ryo Nakao; Masahiro Kajihara; Akina Mori-Kajihara; Herman M. Chambaro; Hideaki Higashi; Chihiro Sugimoto; Hirofumi Sawa; Aaron S. Mweene; Ayato Takada; Norikazu Isoda. 2021. "Domestic dog demographics and estimates of canine vaccination coverage in a rural area of Zambia for the elimination of rabies." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 4: e0009222.
An estimated 75% or more of the human rabies cases in Africa occur in rural settings, which underscores the importance of rabies control in these areas. Understanding dog demographics can help design strategies for rabies control and plan and conduct canine mass vaccination campaigns effectively in African countries. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate domestic dog demographics in Kalambabakali, in the rural Mazabuka District of Zambia. The population of ownerless dogs and the total achievable vaccination coverage among the total dog population was estimated using the capture-recapture-based Bayesian model by conducting a canine mass vaccination campaign. This study revealed that 29% of the domestic dog population was under one year old, and 57.7% of those were under three months old and thus were not eligible for the canine rabies vaccination in Zambia. The population growth was estimated at 15% per annum based on the cross-sectional household survey. The population of ownerless dogs was estimated to be small, with an ownerless-to-owned-dog ratio of 0.01–0.06 in the target zones. The achieved overall vaccination coverage from the first mass vaccination was estimated 19.8–51.6%. This low coverage was principally attributed to the owners’ lack of information, unavailability, and dog-handling difficulties. The follow-up mass vaccination campaign achieved an overall coverage of 54.8–76.2%. This paper indicates the potential for controlling canine rabies through mass vaccination in rural Zambia. Rabies education and responsible dog ownership are required to achieve high and sustainable vaccination coverage. Our findings also propose including puppies below three months old in the target population for rabies vaccination and emphasize that securing an annual enforcement of canine mass vaccination that reaches 70% coverage in the dog population is necessary to maintain protective herd immunity.
Chiho Kaneko; Ryosuke Omori; Michihito Sasaki; Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura; Edgar Simulundu; Walter Muleya; Ladslav Moonga; Joseph Ndebe; Bernard M. Hang’Ombe; George Dautu; Yongjin Qiu; Ryo Nakao; Masahiro Kajihara; Akina Mori-Kajihara; Herman M. Chambaro; Hideaki Higashi; Chihiro Sugimoto; Hirofumi Sawa; Aaron S. Mweene; Ayato Takada; Norikazu Isoda. Domestic dog demographics and estimates of canine vaccination coverage in a rural area of Zambia for the elimination of rabies. 2021, 15, e0009222 .
AMA StyleChiho Kaneko, Ryosuke Omori, Michihito Sasaki, Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura, Edgar Simulundu, Walter Muleya, Ladslav Moonga, Joseph Ndebe, Bernard M. Hang’Ombe, George Dautu, Yongjin Qiu, Ryo Nakao, Masahiro Kajihara, Akina Mori-Kajihara, Herman M. Chambaro, Hideaki Higashi, Chihiro Sugimoto, Hirofumi Sawa, Aaron S. Mweene, Ayato Takada, Norikazu Isoda. Domestic dog demographics and estimates of canine vaccination coverage in a rural area of Zambia for the elimination of rabies. . 2021; 15 (4):e0009222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiho Kaneko; Ryosuke Omori; Michihito Sasaki; Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura; Edgar Simulundu; Walter Muleya; Ladslav Moonga; Joseph Ndebe; Bernard M. Hang’Ombe; George Dautu; Yongjin Qiu; Ryo Nakao; Masahiro Kajihara; Akina Mori-Kajihara; Herman M. Chambaro; Hideaki Higashi; Chihiro Sugimoto; Hirofumi Sawa; Aaron S. Mweene; Ayato Takada; Norikazu Isoda. 2021. "Domestic dog demographics and estimates of canine vaccination coverage in a rural area of Zambia for the elimination of rabies." 15, no. 4: e0009222.
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in the wild boar population has been spreading in Japan, alongside outbreaks on pigs, since classical swine fever (CSF) reemerged in September 2018. The vaccination using oral bait vaccine was initially implemented in Gifu prefecture in March 2019. In the present study, antibodies against CSFV in wild boar were assessed in 1443 captured and dead wild boars in Gifu prefecture. After the implementation of oral vaccination, the increase of the proportion of seropositive animals and their titer in wild boars were confirmed. Quantitative analysis of antigen and antibodies against CSFV in wild boar implies potential disease diversity in the wild boar population. Animals with status in high virus replication (Ct < 30) and non- or low-immune response were confirmed and were sustained at a certain level after initial oral vaccination. Through continuous vaccination periods, the increase of seroprevalence among wild boar and the decrease of CSFV-positive animals were observed. The epidemiological analysis based on the quantitative virological outcomes could provide more information on the efficacy of oral vaccination and dynamics of CSF in the wild boar population, which will help to improve the implementation of control measures for CSF in countries such as Japan and neighboring countries.
Enkhbold Bazarragchaa; Norikazu Isoda; Taksoo Kim; Madoka Tetsuo; Satoshi Ito; Keita Matsuno; Yoshihiro Sakoda. Efficacy of Oral Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever in Wild Boar and Estimation of the Disease Dynamics in the Quantitative Approach. Viruses 2021, 13, 319 .
AMA StyleEnkhbold Bazarragchaa, Norikazu Isoda, Taksoo Kim, Madoka Tetsuo, Satoshi Ito, Keita Matsuno, Yoshihiro Sakoda. Efficacy of Oral Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever in Wild Boar and Estimation of the Disease Dynamics in the Quantitative Approach. Viruses. 2021; 13 (2):319.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnkhbold Bazarragchaa; Norikazu Isoda; Taksoo Kim; Madoka Tetsuo; Satoshi Ito; Keita Matsuno; Yoshihiro Sakoda. 2021. "Efficacy of Oral Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever in Wild Boar and Estimation of the Disease Dynamics in the Quantitative Approach." Viruses 13, no. 2: 319.
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly transmissible and devastating disease that affects poultry and wild birds worldwide. Comprehensive knowledge regarding the characteristics and epidemiological factors of the ND virus (NDV) is critical for the control and prevention of ND. Effective vaccinations can prevent and control the spread of the NDV in poultry populations. For decades, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has reported the impacts of ND on commercial and traditional poultry farming systems. The reports were preliminary clinical observations, and few cases were confirmed in the laboratory. However, data on the phylogenetic, genetic, and virological characteristics of NDVs circulating in the DRC are not available. In this study, the whole-genome sequences of three NDV isolates obtained using the next-generation sequencing method revealed two isolates that were a new variant of NDV, and one isolate that was clustered in the subgenotype VII.2. All DRC isolates were velogenic and were antigenically closely related to the vaccine strains. Our findings reveal that despite the circulation of the new variant, ND can be controlled in the DRC using the current vaccine. However, epidemiological studies should be conducted to elucidate the endemicity of the disease so that better control strategies can be implemented.
Augustin Twabela; Lam Nguyen; Justin Masumu; Patrick Mpoyo; Serge Mpiana; Julienne Sumbu; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Keita Matsuno; Norikazu Isoda; Bianca Zecchin; Isabella Monne; Yoshihiro Sakoda. A New Variant Among Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018 and 2019. Viruses 2021, 13, 151 .
AMA StyleAugustin Twabela, Lam Nguyen, Justin Masumu, Patrick Mpoyo, Serge Mpiana, Julienne Sumbu, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Keita Matsuno, Norikazu Isoda, Bianca Zecchin, Isabella Monne, Yoshihiro Sakoda. A New Variant Among Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018 and 2019. Viruses. 2021; 13 (2):151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAugustin Twabela; Lam Nguyen; Justin Masumu; Patrick Mpoyo; Serge Mpiana; Julienne Sumbu; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Keita Matsuno; Norikazu Isoda; Bianca Zecchin; Isabella Monne; Yoshihiro Sakoda. 2021. "A New Variant Among Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018 and 2019." Viruses 13, no. 2: 151.
H4 influenza viruses have been isolated from birds across the world. In recent years, an H4 influenza virus infection has been confirmed in pigs. Pigs play an important role in the transmission of influenza viruses to human hosts. Therefore, it is important to develop a new vaccine in the case of an H4 influenza virus infection in humans, considering that this virus has a different antigenicity from seasonal human influenza viruses. In this study, after selecting vaccine candidate strains based on their antigenic relation to one of the pig isolates, A/swine/Missouri/A01727926/2015 (H4N6) (MO/15), an inactivated whole-particle vaccine was prepared from A/swan/Hokkaido/481102/2017 (H4N6). This vaccine showed high immunogenicity in mice, and the antibody induced by the vaccine showed high cross-reactivity to the MO/15 virus. This vaccine induced sufficient neutralizing antibodies and mitigated the effects of an MO/15 infection in a mouse model. This study is the first to suggest that an inactivated whole-particle vaccine prepared from an influenza virus isolated from wild birds is an effective countermeasure in case of a future influenza pandemic caused by the H4 influenza virus.
Hirotaka Hayashi; Norikazu Isoda; Enkhbold Bazarragchaa; Naoki Nomura; Keita Matsuno; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Hiroshi Kida; Yoshihiro Sakoda. Potency of an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine against a Challenge with A/Swine/Missouri/A01727926/2015 (H4N6) in Mice for Pandemic Preparedness. Vaccines 2020, 8, 768 .
AMA StyleHirotaka Hayashi, Norikazu Isoda, Enkhbold Bazarragchaa, Naoki Nomura, Keita Matsuno, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Hiroshi Kida, Yoshihiro Sakoda. Potency of an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine against a Challenge with A/Swine/Missouri/A01727926/2015 (H4N6) in Mice for Pandemic Preparedness. Vaccines. 2020; 8 (4):768.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHirotaka Hayashi; Norikazu Isoda; Enkhbold Bazarragchaa; Naoki Nomura; Keita Matsuno; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Hiroshi Kida; Yoshihiro Sakoda. 2020. "Potency of an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine against a Challenge with A/Swine/Missouri/A01727926/2015 (H4N6) in Mice for Pandemic Preparedness." Vaccines 8, no. 4: 768.
Global dispersion of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI), especially that caused by H5 clade 2.3.4.4, has threatened poultry industries and, potentially, human health. An HPAI virus, A/northern pintail/Hokkaido/M13/2020 (H5N8) (NP/Hok/20) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b, was isolated from a fecal sample collected at a lake in Hokkaido, Japan where migratory birds rested, October 2020. In the phylogenetic trees of all eight gene segments, NP/Hok/20 fell into in the cluster of European isolates in 2020, but was distinct from the isolates in eastern Asia and Europe during the winter season of 2017–2018. The antigenic cartography indicates that the antigenicity of NP/Hok/20 was almost the same as that of previous isolates of H5 clade 2.3.4.4b, whereas the antigenic distances from NP/Hok/20 to the representative strains in clade 2.3.4.4e and to a strain in 2.3.4 were apparently distant. These data imply that HPAI virus clade 2.3.4.4b should have been delivered by bird migration despite the intercontinental distance, although it was not defined whether NP/Hok/20 was transported from Europe via Siberia where migratory birds nest in the summer season. Given the probability of perpetuation of transmission in the northern territory, periodic updates of intensive surveys on avian influenza at the global level are essential to prepare for future outbreaks of the HPAI virus.
Norikazu Isoda; Augustin T. Twabela; Enkhbold Bazarragchaa; Kohei Ogasawara; Hirotaka Hayashi; Zu-Jyun Wang; Daiki Kobayashi; Yukiko Watanabe; Keisuke Saito; Hiroshi Kida; Yoshihiro Sakoda. Re-Invasion of H5N8 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b in Hokkaido, Japan, 2020. Viruses 2020, 12, 1439 .
AMA StyleNorikazu Isoda, Augustin T. Twabela, Enkhbold Bazarragchaa, Kohei Ogasawara, Hirotaka Hayashi, Zu-Jyun Wang, Daiki Kobayashi, Yukiko Watanabe, Keisuke Saito, Hiroshi Kida, Yoshihiro Sakoda. Re-Invasion of H5N8 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b in Hokkaido, Japan, 2020. Viruses. 2020; 12 (12):1439.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorikazu Isoda; Augustin T. Twabela; Enkhbold Bazarragchaa; Kohei Ogasawara; Hirotaka Hayashi; Zu-Jyun Wang; Daiki Kobayashi; Yukiko Watanabe; Keisuke Saito; Hiroshi Kida; Yoshihiro Sakoda. 2020. "Re-Invasion of H5N8 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b in Hokkaido, Japan, 2020." Viruses 12, no. 12: 1439.
Control measures in the case of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in poultry include culling, surveillance, and biosecurity; wild birds in captivity may also be culled, although some rare bird species should be rescued for conservation. In this study, two anti-influenza drugs, baloxavir marboxil (BXM) and peramivir (PR), used in humans, were examined in treating HPAI in birds, using chickens as a model. Chickens were infected with H5N6 HPAI virus and were treated immediately or 24 h from challenge with 20 mg/kg BXM or PR twice a day for five days. As per our findings, BXM significantly reduced virus replication in organs and provided full protection to chickens compared with that induced by PR. In the 24-h-delayed treatment, neither drug completely inhibited virus replication nor ensured the survival of infected chickens. A single administration of 2.5 mg/kg of BXM was determined as the minimum dose required to fully protect chickens from HPAI virus; the concentration of baloxavir acid, the active form of BXM, in chicken blood at this dose was sufficient for a 48 h antiviral effect post-administration. Thus, these data can be a starting point for the use of BXM and PR in treating captive wild birds infected with HPAI virus.
Augustin Twabela; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Keita Matsuno; Norikazu Isoda; Yoshihiro Sakoda. Evaluation of Baloxavir Marboxil and Peramivir for the Treatment of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in Chickens. Viruses 2020, 12, 1407 .
AMA StyleAugustin Twabela, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Keita Matsuno, Norikazu Isoda, Yoshihiro Sakoda. Evaluation of Baloxavir Marboxil and Peramivir for the Treatment of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in Chickens. Viruses. 2020; 12 (12):1407.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAugustin Twabela; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Keita Matsuno; Norikazu Isoda; Yoshihiro Sakoda. 2020. "Evaluation of Baloxavir Marboxil and Peramivir for the Treatment of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in Chickens." Viruses 12, no. 12: 1407.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is metabolized by the liver into 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and then by the kidney into 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], which activates the vitamin D receptor expressed in various cells, including immune cells, for an overall immunostimulatory effect. Here, to investigate whether oral supplementation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], a major form of vitamin D metabolite 25(OH)D, has a prophylactic effect on influenza A virus infection, mice were fed a diet containing a high dose of 25(OH)D3 and were challenged with the influenza virus. In the lungs of 25(OH)D3-fed mice, the viral titers were significantly lower than in the lungs of standardly fed mice. Additionally, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-5 and IFN-γ were significantly downregulated after viral infection in 25(OH)D3-fed mice, while anti-inflammatory cytokines were not significantly upregulated. These results indicate that 25(OH)D3 suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines and reduces virus replication and clinical manifestations of influenza virus infection in a mouse model.
Hirotaka Hayashi; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Honami Ogasawara; Naoko Tsugawa; Norikazu Isoda; Keita Matsuno; Yoshihiro Sakoda. Oral Supplementation of the Vitamin D Metabolite 25(OH)D3 Against Influenza Virus Infection in Mice. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2000 .
AMA StyleHirotaka Hayashi, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Honami Ogasawara, Naoko Tsugawa, Norikazu Isoda, Keita Matsuno, Yoshihiro Sakoda. Oral Supplementation of the Vitamin D Metabolite 25(OH)D3 Against Influenza Virus Infection in Mice. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (7):2000.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHirotaka Hayashi; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Honami Ogasawara; Naoko Tsugawa; Norikazu Isoda; Keita Matsuno; Yoshihiro Sakoda. 2020. "Oral Supplementation of the Vitamin D Metabolite 25(OH)D3 Against Influenza Virus Infection in Mice." Nutrients 12, no. 7: 2000.
In recent years, African swine fever (ASF) has become prevalent in many areas, including Asia. The repeated detection of the ASF virus (ASFV) genome in pork products brought in air passenger’s luggage (PPAP) was also reported from Japanese airports. In the present study, the risk of ASFV exposure to susceptible hosts in Japan via three different pathways was assessed. Two quantitative stochastic risk assessment models were built to estimate the annual probability of ASFV exposure to domestic pigs, which could be attributed to foreign job trainees or foreign tourists. A semi-quantitative stochastic model was built to assess the risk of ASFV exposure to wild boar caused by foreign tourists. The overall mean annual probability of ASFV exposure to domestic pigs via PPAP carried by foreign job trainees was 0.169 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.000–0.600], whereas that by foreign tourists was 0.050 [95% CI: 0.000–0.214], corresponding to approximately one introduction every 5.9 and 20 years, respectively. The risk of ASFV exposure to domestic pigs was dispersed over the country, whereas that of wild boar was generally higher in the western part of Japan, indicating that the characteristics of the potential ASF risk in each prefecture were varied.
Satoshi Ito; Jaime Bosch; Cristina Jurado; José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno; Norikazu Isoda. Risk Assessment of African Swine Fever Virus Exposure to Sus scrofa in Japan Via Pork Products Brought in Air Passengers’ Luggage. Pathogens 2020, 9, 302 .
AMA StyleSatoshi Ito, Jaime Bosch, Cristina Jurado, José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno, Norikazu Isoda. Risk Assessment of African Swine Fever Virus Exposure to Sus scrofa in Japan Via Pork Products Brought in Air Passengers’ Luggage. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (4):302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatoshi Ito; Jaime Bosch; Cristina Jurado; José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno; Norikazu Isoda. 2020. "Risk Assessment of African Swine Fever Virus Exposure to Sus scrofa in Japan Via Pork Products Brought in Air Passengers’ Luggage." Pathogens 9, no. 4: 302.
The prolongation of the classic swine fever (CSF) outbreak in Japan in 2018 was highly associated with the persistence and widespread of the CSF virus (CSFV) in the wild boar population. To investigate the dynamics of the CSF outbreak in wild boar, spatiotemporal analyses were performed. The positive rate of CSFV in wild boar fluctuated dramatically from March to June 2019, but finally stabilized at approximately 10%. The Euclidean distance from the initial CSF notified farm to the farthest infected wild boar of the day constantly increased over time since the initial outbreak except in the cases reported from Gunma and Saitama prefectures. The two-month-period prevalence, estimated using integrated nested Laplace approximation, reached >80% in half of the infected areas in March–April 2019. The area affected continued to expand despite the period prevalence decreasing up to October 2019. A large difference in the shapes of standard deviational ellipses and in the location of their centroids when including or excluding cases in Gunma and Saitama prefectures indicates that infections there were unlikely to have been caused simply by wild boar activities, and anthropogenic factors were likely involved. The emergence of concurrent space–time clusters in these areas after July 2019 indicated that CSF outbreaks were scattered by this point in time. The results of this epidemiological analysis help explain the dynamics of the spread of CSF and will aid in the implementation of control measures, including bait vaccination.
Norikazu Isoda; Kairi Baba; Satoshi Ito; Mitsugi Ito; Yoshihiro Sakoda; Kohei Makita. Dynamics of Classical Swine Fever Spread in Wild Boar in 2018–2019, Japan. Pathogens 2020, 9, 119 .
AMA StyleNorikazu Isoda, Kairi Baba, Satoshi Ito, Mitsugi Ito, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Kohei Makita. Dynamics of Classical Swine Fever Spread in Wild Boar in 2018–2019, Japan. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (2):119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorikazu Isoda; Kairi Baba; Satoshi Ito; Mitsugi Ito; Yoshihiro Sakoda; Kohei Makita. 2020. "Dynamics of Classical Swine Fever Spread in Wild Boar in 2018–2019, Japan." Pathogens 9, no. 2: 119.
The spread of African swine fever (ASF) has reached pandemic levels over the last decade, and outbreaks of this disease in China, Mongolia, Vietnam, and Cambodia in 2018 and 2019 could accelerate its transmission to neighboring Asian territories. Thus, the risk that the ASF virus (ASFV) will be introduced to disease‐free territories increases each year. Since Japan is an island nation, the most likely way in which ASFV would be introduced is via pork products brought in air passengers’ luggage (PPAP). Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the risk of ASFV introduction to Japan via PPAP. For the purposes of this analysis, we considered 214 international commercial flights traveling from 47 origin territories to 31 destination airports as potential routes of ASFV introduction via PPAP. The risk was estimated quantitatively through a stochastic model that considered the volume of air passengers’ luggage, the amount of confiscated pork products that were carried in air passengers’ luggage, and the disease status of the origin territory. The overall mean annual probability of ASFV introduction to Japan via PPAP was found to be 0.941 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.661–1.000], which approximately corresponds to one introduction every 1.06 years. At the origin territory level, Mongolia was led as the highest risk territory, with a risk of 0.864 (95% CI, 0.434–1.000), followed by China (0.697; 0.223–0.999), Vietnam (0.662; 0.196–0.998), and the Russian Federation (0.136; 0.018–0.401). At the destination airport level, Narita International Airport had the highest risk (0.905; 0.537–1.000), followed by Kansai International Airport (0.496; 0.109–0.961), Tokyo International Airport (0.389; 0.072–0.879), and Chubu Centrair International Airport (0.338; 0.058–0.816). This information will help improve risk management activities and monitoring systems to prevent the introduction of ASFV to Japan.
Satoshi Ito; Cristina Jurado; José Manuel Sánchez‐Vizcaíno; Norikazu Isoda. Quantitative risk assessment of African swine fever virus introduction to Japan via pork products brought in air passengers’ luggage. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2019, 67, 894 -905.
AMA StyleSatoshi Ito, Cristina Jurado, José Manuel Sánchez‐Vizcaíno, Norikazu Isoda. Quantitative risk assessment of African swine fever virus introduction to Japan via pork products brought in air passengers’ luggage. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2019; 67 (2):894-905.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatoshi Ito; Cristina Jurado; José Manuel Sánchez‐Vizcaíno; Norikazu Isoda. 2019. "Quantitative risk assessment of African swine fever virus introduction to Japan via pork products brought in air passengers’ luggage." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67, no. 2: 894-905.
Since September 2018, nearly 900 notifications of classical swine fever (CSF) have been reported in Gifu Prefecture (Japan) affecting domestic pig and wild boar by the end of August 2019. To determine the epidemiological characteristics of its spread, a spatio-temporal analysis was performed using actual field data on the current epidemic. The spatial study, based on standard deviational ellipses of official CSF notifications, showed that the disease likely spread to the northeast part of the prefecture. A maximum significant spatial association estimated between CSF notifications was 23 km by the multi-distance spatial cluster analysis. A space-time permutation analysis identified two significant clusters with an approximate radius of 12 and 20 km and 124 and 98 days of duration, respectively. When the area of the identified clusters was overlaid on a map of habitat quality, approximately 82% and 75% of CSF notifications, respectively, were found in areas with potential contact between pigs and wild boar. The obtained results provide information on the current CSF epidemic, which is mainly driven by wild boar cases with sporadic outbreaks on domestic pig farms. These findings will help implement control measures in Gifu Prefecture.
Satoshi Ito; Cristina Jurado; Jaime Bosch; José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno; Norikazu Isoda; Yoshihiro Sakoda. Role of Wild Boar in the Spread of Classical Swine Fever in Japan. Pathogens 2019, 8, 206 .
AMA StyleSatoshi Ito, Cristina Jurado, Jaime Bosch, José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno, Norikazu Isoda, Yoshihiro Sakoda. Role of Wild Boar in the Spread of Classical Swine Fever in Japan. Pathogens. 2019; 8 (4):206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatoshi Ito; Cristina Jurado; Jaime Bosch; José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno; Norikazu Isoda; Yoshihiro Sakoda. 2019. "Role of Wild Boar in the Spread of Classical Swine Fever in Japan." Pathogens 8, no. 4: 206.
An outbreak of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) causes huge economic losses and animal welfare problems. Although much can be learnt from past FMD outbreaks, several countries are not satisfied with their degree of contingency planning and aiming at more assurance that their control measures will be effective. The purpose of the present article was to develop a generic fault tree framework for the control of an FMD outbreak as a basis for systematic improvement and refinement of control activities and general preparedness. Fault trees are typically used in engineering to document pathways that can lead to an undesired event, that is, ineffective FMD control. The fault tree method allows risk managers to identify immature parts of the control system and to analyse the events or steps that will most probably delay rapid and effective disease control during a real outbreak. The present developed fault tree is generic and can be tailored to fit the specific needs of countries. For instance, the specific fault tree for the 2001 FMD outbreak in the UK was refined based on control weaknesses discussed in peer‐reviewed articles. Furthermore, the specific fault tree based on the 2001 outbreak was applied to the subsequent FMD outbreak in 2007 to assess the refinement of control measures following the earlier, major outbreak. The FMD fault tree can assist risk managers to develop more refined and adequate control activities against FMD outbreaks and to find optimum strategies for rapid control. Further application using the current tree will be one of the basic measures for FMD control worldwide.
N. Isoda; M. Kadohira; S. Sekiguchi; M. Schuppers; K. D. C. Stärk. Review: Evaluation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Control Using Fault Tree Analysis. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2013, 62, 233 -244.
AMA StyleN. Isoda, M. Kadohira, S. Sekiguchi, M. Schuppers, K. D. C. Stärk. Review: Evaluation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Control Using Fault Tree Analysis. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2013; 62 (3):233-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Isoda; M. Kadohira; S. Sekiguchi; M. Schuppers; K. D. C. Stärk. 2013. "Review: Evaluation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Control Using Fault Tree Analysis." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 62, no. 3: 233-244.