Conductive polymers have become a remarkable candidate for electrode materials of supercapacitors. Polyaniline (PANI) is the most promising contender for supercapacitors because of its easy method of synthesis, low cost, and higher choice in the improvement of energy storage applications. The main issue in the use of PANI in supercapacitors is its lower stability. In this work, [email protected]–Ni codoped Co₃O₄ ([email protected]) nanocomposite has been prepared by in situ addition of 10 wt % FNCO as fillers in the PANI matrix. The nanocomposites were then characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry to observe the morphology, crystal structure, functional groups, and thermal stability of samples, respectively. SEM results showed that FNCO was fairly dispersed in the PANI matrix, while XRD results showed a broad peak for nanocomposites because of the semicrystalline nature of polymers. The electrochemical properties of the samples were analyzed via cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge and discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. [email protected] nanowires are found to overcome the shortcomings in electrochemical energy storage devices by exhibiting a higher value of specific capacitance of 1171 F g^–1 and energy density of 144 W h kg^–1 at a current density of 1 A g^–1. Moreover, the FNCO nanowires also showed a cyclic charge/discharge stability of 84% for 2000 cycles.

Novel materials for biomedical applications are in critical need of time. In the present work, the antibacterial properties of Co_1-x Ni _x Mg _x Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) are assessed by the disc diffusion method for the common pathogen, that is, Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Overnight grown bacterial cultures were individually lawn-cultured on nutrient agar plates. All samples of NP concentrations (2 mg/mL) were prepared in sterile water and dispensed by sonication. Sterile filter paper discs (1.0 mm) were saturated by the (doped CoFe₂O₄) NP solution and incubated at 37 ± 0.1 °C for 24 h. The NPs with a fine size of 30-70 nm of Co_1-x Ni _x Mg _x Fe₂O₄ were achieved using the sol-gel method by doping CoFe₂O₄ initially with Ni and codoping with Mg, and their properties were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared techniques. According to the results, Co_0.5Ni_0.25Mg_0.25Fe₂O₄ NPs exhibited potent antibacterial activities against s. aureus having an inhibition zone of 6.5 mm and P. aeruginosa having an inhibition zone of 6 mm as that were examined. The result shows that the bacteriostatic properties of NPs are used for numerous applications such as hyperthermia, antibacterial treatments, and targeted drug delivery.

Despite remarkable progress in medical sciences, modern man is still fighting the battle against cancer. In 2022, only in the USA, 640 000 deaths and 2 370 000 patients were reported because of cancer. Chemotherapy is the most widely used for cancer treatments. However, chemotherapeutics have severe physicochemical side effects. Therefore, we have prepared poly(amididoamine) dendrimeric carrageenan (CG), sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels by using solution casting methodology. The constituents of hydrogels were cross-linked by mutable quantity of 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methyl silane (APDMS). Hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy. Hydrogels exhibited higher swelling volumes in 5–7 pH range. In vitro biodegradation in ribonuclease-A solution and cytocompatibility analysis against DF-1 fibroblasts established their biodegradable and non-toxic nature, which enables them as a suitable carrier for chemotherapeutic compounds. Hence, methotrexate (MTX) as a model drug was loaded on CAP-8 hydrogel and its release was detected by the UV–visible spectrophotometer in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. In 13.5 h, 81.25% and 77.23% of MTX were released at pH 7.4 (blood pH) and 5.3 (tumour pH) in PBS, respectively. MTX was released by super case II mechanism and best fitted to zero-order and Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The synthesized APDMS cross-linked CG/SA/PVA dendrimeric hydrogels could be an efficient model platform for the effective delivery of MTX in cancer treatments.

Membrane fouling remains a critical challenge in wastewater treatment that ultimately reduces flux, compromised water quality, and higher operational costs. This study addresses such fouling issues by grafting polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymer brushes onto graphene oxide (GO) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and incorporating the functionalized GO–PAA into polyether sulfone (PES) membranes. The functionalized graphene oxide with poly­(acrylic acid) (GO-PAA) was blended into a poly­(ether sulfone) (PES) membrane at different concentrations, and its effects on nanocomposite membrane performance were systematically analyzed. The nanocomposite membranes containing 0.5% GO-PAA demonstrated significant improvements in hydrophilicity and water flux, with a contact angle of 36° and a flux rate of 74 L/m2·h at pH 7, compared to the pristine PES membrane with contact angle = 79° and flux rate of 30 L/m2·h. Furthermore, the functionalized membranes have exhibited enhanced antifouling properties, with the flux recovery ratio improving from 38% (pristine PES) to 83%. The modified membranes also demonstrated superior dye removal efficiency at neutral pH, with rejection rates of 54% for methylene blue (MB) and 64% for methyl orange (MO) as compared to only 26% and 28% for the pristine membrane, respectively. The availability of hydrophilic groups in the GO and GO-PAA may explain the superiority of the nanocomposite membranes. As the pH shifted from 3 to 11, both water flux and dye rejection exhibited noticeable changes that resulted from the pH-driven structural transformations of the grafted PAA brushes. When the pH reaches 11, the carboxyl groups of PAA undergo deprotonation which induces chain elongation and partial pore blockage due to increase repulsive forces among the negatively charged carboxylate ions, resulting in enhanced dye rejection. Using response surface methodology (RSM), pH and transmembrane pressure were optimized to pH 11 and 6 bar to achieve dye removal efficiencies of 82.5% for MO and 91% for MB. These key experimental observations have provided valuable insights to design high-performance membranes for consideration in wastewater treatment systems.