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Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah
Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

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Journal article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Current Chinese Science
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Background: CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) uses non-functional Cas9 endonuclease (dCas9) but retains the genome targeting ability through its single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). CRISPRa is widely utilized as a gene activation system exploiting its ability to recruit various transcriptional activation domains (TADs) to enhance the expression of the target gene(s). Drought tolerant and resource-efficient crops like millets can mitigate the effects of climate change and strengthen food security. Objective: This study aimed to use the Setaria italica (foxtail millet) genome sequence to identify a target gene and the subsequent generation of sgRNAs for use in CRISPRa for conferring waterlogging tolerance that will benefit the future expansion of its cultivation area. Methods and Results: Leveraging existing RNA-seq data and information on functional studies in model plants and from other cereal species, maize and barley, have enabled the identification of candidate ERFVII from the foxtail millet genome sequence in the attempt to engineer waterlogging tolerance. The study provides a step-by-step example for using publicly accessible databases and bioinformatics tools from NCBI and Phytozome to identify and characterize the ortholog from Setaria italica. Softberry was used for promoter annotation to obtain the transcription start site (TSS). Subsequently, CRISP-P 2.0 design tools were employed to generate and select a few efficient sgRNAs for CRISPRa that minimize potentially deleterious off-target binding. Conclusion: The study is a helpful example of how to advance in genomics research, including the revolutionizing CRISPR technology in Setaria italica, which can be adopted in other plant species by utilizing the available genome sequence.

ACS Style

Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Sean Mayes; Mahdi Moradpour. Target Gene Identification and sgRNA Design for Waterlogging Tolerance in Foxtail Millet via CRISPR-based Transcriptional Activation. Current Chinese Science 2021, 01, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Sean Mayes, Mahdi Moradpour. Target Gene Identification and sgRNA Design for Waterlogging Tolerance in Foxtail Millet via CRISPR-based Transcriptional Activation. Current Chinese Science. 2021; 01 ():1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Sean Mayes; Mahdi Moradpour. 2021. "Target Gene Identification and sgRNA Design for Waterlogging Tolerance in Foxtail Millet via CRISPR-based Transcriptional Activation." Current Chinese Science 01, no. : 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2021 in Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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ACS Style

Muhammad Luqman Hamzah; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme. Genome-wide molecular characterization of Phosphate Transporter 1 and Phosphate Starvation Response gene families in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and their transcriptional response under different levels of phosphate starvation. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2021, 43, 1 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Luqman Hamzah, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme. Genome-wide molecular characterization of Phosphate Transporter 1 and Phosphate Starvation Response gene families in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and their transcriptional response under different levels of phosphate starvation. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2021; 43 (8):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Luqman Hamzah; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme. 2021. "Genome-wide molecular characterization of Phosphate Transporter 1 and Phosphate Starvation Response gene families in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and their transcriptional response under different levels of phosphate starvation." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 43, no. 8: 1.

Original article
Published: 02 June 2021 in Tropical Plant Pathology
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Rhizoctonia is a widespread soilborne fungus in different agroecosystems worldwide. It has been reported as a destructive fungal pathogen that caused various types of diseases on a wide variety of crops. The aim of this study was to characterize Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from various crops. We obtained 37 Rhizoctonia isolates from rice, corn, spinach, chrysanthemum, and chili grown in various locations in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 35 isolates were classified under Rhizoctonia solani (multinucleate) and two isolates belonged to binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) according to the number of nuclei and morphological characteristics. Based on rDNA-ITS sequences and PCR profiling using AG group-specific primers, these isolates were identified as R. solani AG-1 IA (75.6%), AG-1 ID (10.8%), AG-2-2 IV (2.7%), AG-4 HG-I (5.4%), BNR AG-Fa (2.7%), and AG-A (2.7%). A specific primer of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-Fa was designed and its specificity was evaluated by PCR. Further investigation using tef-1α gene confirmed the AG group identities for these isolates. Clustering analysis of molecular markers (OPA13 and OPE-6, 2080 iPBS, and 2249 iPBS and ISSR 3) supported the AG concept rather than geographical origin or plant host. Pathogenicity tests on the leaves of rice and corn showed that R. solani AG-1 IA rice isolates cause necrotic lesions greater than AG-1 IA corn isolates. Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA, AG-2-2IV, and AG-4 HG-I isolates cause necrotic lesions greater than BNR isolates on seedling of cabbage, cauliflower, and radish. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on morphology and molecular characterization of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from various crops and regions in Malaysia.

ACS Style

Osamah Rashed; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Wael Alsultan; Tomoo Misawa; Khairulmazmi Ahmad; Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa. Characterization of inter and intra anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from different crops in Peninsular Malaysia. Tropical Plant Pathology 2021, 46, 422 -434.

AMA Style

Osamah Rashed, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Wael Alsultan, Tomoo Misawa, Khairulmazmi Ahmad, Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa. Characterization of inter and intra anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from different crops in Peninsular Malaysia. Tropical Plant Pathology. 2021; 46 (4):422-434.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Osamah Rashed; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Wael Alsultan; Tomoo Misawa; Khairulmazmi Ahmad; Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa. 2021. "Characterization of inter and intra anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from different crops in Peninsular Malaysia." Tropical Plant Pathology 46, no. 4: 422-434.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Plants
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Knowledge of heat-tolerant/sensitive cultivars based on morpho-physiological indicators and an understanding of the action and interaction of different genes in the molecular network are critical for genetic improvement. To screen these indicators, the physiological performance of two different varieties of white and red cabbages (B. oleracea var. capitate f. alba and f. rubra, respectively) under heat stress (HS) and non-stress (NS) was evaluated. Cultivars that showed considerable cell membrane thermostability and less reduction in chlorophyll content with better head formation were categorized as the heat-tolerant cultivars (HTC), while those with reduction in stomatal conductance, higher reduction incurred in chlorophyll and damage to thylakoid membranes are categorized as the heat-sensitive cultivars (HSC). Expression profiling of key genes in the HS response network, including BoHSP70 (HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70), BoSCL13 (SCARECROW-LIKE 13) and BoDPB3-1 (transcriptional regulator DNA POLYMERASE II SUBUNIT B3-1 (DPB3-1))/NUCLEAR FACTOR Y SUBUNIT C10 (NF-YC10), were evaluated in all cultivars under HS compared to NS plants, which showed their potential as molecular indicators to differentiate HTC from HSC. Based on the results, the morphophysiological and molecular indicators are applicable to cabbage cultivars for differentiating HTC from HSC, and potential target genes for genome editing were identified for enhancing food security in the warmer regions of the world.

ACS Style

Mahdi Moradpour; Siti Abdullah; Parameswari Namasivayam. The Impact of Heat Stress on Morpho-Physiological Response and Expression of Specific Genes in the Heat Stress-Responsive Transcriptional Regulatory Network in Brassica oleracea. Plants 2021, 10, 1064 .

AMA Style

Mahdi Moradpour, Siti Abdullah, Parameswari Namasivayam. The Impact of Heat Stress on Morpho-Physiological Response and Expression of Specific Genes in the Heat Stress-Responsive Transcriptional Regulatory Network in Brassica oleracea. Plants. 2021; 10 (6):1064.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahdi Moradpour; Siti Abdullah; Parameswari Namasivayam. 2021. "The Impact of Heat Stress on Morpho-Physiological Response and Expression of Specific Genes in the Heat Stress-Responsive Transcriptional Regulatory Network in Brassica oleracea." Plants 10, no. 6: 1064.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Metabolites
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Inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation is an important abiotic constraint that affects plant cellular homeostasis, especially in tropical regions with high acidic soil and less solubilizable Pi. In the current work, oil palm seedlings were hydroponically maintained under optimal Pi-supply and no Pi-supply conditions for 14 days, and metabolites were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), from leaves and roots, after seven and 14 days of treatment, to investigate biochemical pathways in relation to P-utilizing strategy. After seven days of limited Pi, plant leaves showed increased levels of most soluble sugars, and after 14 days, the sugars’ level decrease, except for erythritol, mannose, fructose, and glucose, which showed the highest levels. Rather in root samples, there were different but overlapping alterations, mainly on sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. The leaf sample was shown to have the highest response of sugars with myo-inositol playing a vital role in the redistribution of sugars, while maltose levels increased, indicating active degradation of starch in the root. High levels of glycerol and stearate in both roots and leaves suggest the metabolism of storage lipids for cellular energy during Pi-deficient conditions.

ACS Style

Isiaka Muhammad; Siti Abdullah; Halimi Saud; Noor Shaharuddin; Nurulfiza Isa. The Dynamic Responses of Oil Palm Leaf and Root Metabolome to Phosphorus Deficiency. Metabolites 2021, 11, 217 .

AMA Style

Isiaka Muhammad, Siti Abdullah, Halimi Saud, Noor Shaharuddin, Nurulfiza Isa. The Dynamic Responses of Oil Palm Leaf and Root Metabolome to Phosphorus Deficiency. Metabolites. 2021; 11 (4):217.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isiaka Muhammad; Siti Abdullah; Halimi Saud; Noor Shaharuddin; Nurulfiza Isa. 2021. "The Dynamic Responses of Oil Palm Leaf and Root Metabolome to Phosphorus Deficiency." Metabolites 11, no. 4: 217.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in BMC Genomic Data
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Background Phosphorus (P), in its orthophosphate form (Pi) is an essential macronutrient for oil palm early growth development in which Pi deficiency could later on be reflected in lower biomass production. Application of phosphate rock, a non-renewable resource has been the common practice to increase Pi accessibility and maintain crop productivity in Malaysia. However, high fixation rate of Pi in the native acidic tropical soils has led to excessive utilization of P fertilizers. This has caused serious environmental pollutions and cost increment. Even so, the Pi deficiency response mechanism in oil palm as one of the basic prerequisites for crop improvement remains largely unknown. Results Using total RNA extracted from young roots as template, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis on oil palm responding to 14d and 28d of Pi deprivation treatment and under adequate Pi supply. By using Illumina HiSeq4000 platform, RNA-Seq analysis was successfully conducted on 12 paired-end RNA-Seq libraries and generated more than 1.2 billion of clean reads in total. Transcript abundance estimated by fragments per kilobase per million fragments (FPKM) and differential expression analysis revealed 36 and 252 genes that are differentially regulated in Pi-starved roots at 14d and 28d, respectively. Genes possibly involved in regulating Pi homeostasis, nutrient uptake and transport, hormonal signaling and gene transcription were found among the differentially expressed genes. Conclusions Our results showed that the molecular response mechanism underlying Pi starvation in oil palm is complexed and involved multilevel regulation of various sensing and signaling components. This contribution would generate valuable genomic resources in the effort to develop oil palm planting materials that possess Pi-use efficient trait through molecular manipulation and breeding programs.

ACS Style

Sze-Ling Kong; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Chai-Ling Ho; Mohamed Hanafi bin Musa; Wan-Chin Yeap. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals novel insights into transcriptional responses to phosphorus starvation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) root. BMC Genomic Data 2021, 22, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Sze-Ling Kong, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Chai-Ling Ho, Mohamed Hanafi bin Musa, Wan-Chin Yeap. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals novel insights into transcriptional responses to phosphorus starvation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) root. BMC Genomic Data. 2021; 22 (1):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sze-Ling Kong; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Chai-Ling Ho; Mohamed Hanafi bin Musa; Wan-Chin Yeap. 2021. "Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals novel insights into transcriptional responses to phosphorus starvation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) root." BMC Genomic Data 22, no. 1: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in BMC Plant Biology
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Background Hemibiotrophic pathogen such as the fungal pathogenGanoderma boninensethat is destructive to oil palm, manipulates host defense mechanism by strategically switching from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. Our previous study revealed two distinguishable expression profiles of oil palm genes that formed the basis in deducing biotrophic phase at early interaction which switched to necrotrophic phase at a later stage of infection. Results The present report is a continuing study from our previous published transcriptomic profiling of oil palm seedlings againstG. boninense. We focused on identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors (TFs) from the same RNA-seq data; resulting in 106 upregulated and 108 downregulated TFs being identified. The DEGs are involved in four established defense-related pathways responsible for cell wall modification, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling, programmed cell death (PCD) and plant innate immunity. We discovered upregulation ofJUNGBRUNNEN 1(EgJUB1) during the fungal biotrophic phase whileEthylene Responsive Factor 113(EgERF113) demonstrated prominent upregulation when the palm switches to defense against necrotrophic phase. EgJUB1 was shown to have a binding activity to a 19 bp palindromic SNBE1 element, WNNYBTNNNNNNNAMGNHW found in the promoter region of co-expressing EgHSFC-2b. Further in silico analysis of promoter regions revealed co-expression of EgJUB1 with TFs containing SNBE1 element with single nucleotide change at either the 5th or 18th position. Meanwhile, EgERF113 binds to both GCC and DRE/CRT elements promoting plasticity in upregulating the downstream defense-related genes. Both TFs were proven to be nuclear-localized based on subcellular localization experiment using onion epidermal cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated unprecedented transcriptional reprogramming of specific TFs potentially to enable regulation of a specific set of genes during different infection phases of this hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen. The results propose the intricacy of oil palm defense response in orchestrating EgJUB1 during biotrophic and EgERF113 during the subsequent transition to the necrotrophic phase. Binding of EgJUB1 to SNBE motif instead of NACBS while EgERF113 to GCC-box and DRE/CRT motifs is unconventional and not normally associated with pathogen infection. Identification of these phase-specific oil palm TFs is important in designing strategies to tackle or attenuate the progress of infection.

ACS Style

Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Abu Seman Idris. EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as potential master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense. BMC Plant Biology 2021, 21, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari, Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Abu Seman Idris. EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as potential master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense. BMC Plant Biology. 2021; 21 (1):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Abu Seman Idris. 2021. "EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as potential master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense." BMC Plant Biology 21, no. 1: 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2020 in Plants
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Polyalthia bullata is an endangered medicinal plant species. Hence, establishment of P. bullata callus culture is hoped to assist in mass production of secondary metabolites. Leaf and midrib were explants for callus induction. Both of them were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) containing different types and concentrations of auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), picloram, and dicamba). The callus produced was further multiplied on MS and WPM supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D, NAA, picloram, dicamba, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) media. The quantification of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant capacity was further carried out on P. bullata callus, and the results were subjected to correlation analysis. Among the media, the WPM + 16.56 µM picloram (53.33 ± 22.06%) was the best for callus induction while MS + 30 µM dicamba was the best for callus multiplication. The TPC, TFC, and EC50 of DPPH scavenging activity were determined at 0.657 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g FW, 0.491 ± 0.03 mg QE/g, and 85.59 ± 6.09 µg/mL in P. bullata callus, respectively. The positive correlation between DPPH scavenging activity with TPC was determined at r = 0.869, and that of TFC was at r = 0.904. Hence, the P. bullata callus has an ability to accumulate antioxidants. It therefore can be a medium for secondary metabolites production.

ACS Style

Munirah Adibah Kamarul Zaman; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Illy Kamaliah Ramle; Nurfazlinyana Normanshah; Siti Nurhafizah Ramli; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Syahida Ahmad; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. Induction, Multiplication, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Polyalthia bullata Callus, A Woody Medicinal Plant. Plants 2020, 9, 1772 .

AMA Style

Munirah Adibah Kamarul Zaman, Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme, Illy Kamaliah Ramle, Nurfazlinyana Normanshah, Siti Nurhafizah Ramli, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Syahida Ahmad, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. Induction, Multiplication, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Polyalthia bullata Callus, A Woody Medicinal Plant. Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1772.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Munirah Adibah Kamarul Zaman; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Illy Kamaliah Ramle; Nurfazlinyana Normanshah; Siti Nurhafizah Ramli; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Syahida Ahmad; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. 2020. "Induction, Multiplication, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Polyalthia bullata Callus, A Woody Medicinal Plant." Plants 9, no. 12: 1772.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2020 in Meta Gene
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High level of variability in the palm oil vitamin E content was observed in the Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera germplasm materials. Homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) is an important vitamin E biosynthetic enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step for tocotrienol biosynthesis. This study aimed to identify the SNPs in the promoter of oil palm HGGT that associate with the high vitamin E trait. Species-specific mismatch primer within ACGT promoter motif successfully differentiated E. guineensis from E. oleifera palms harboring ATGT. However, these primers could not differentiate the high from the low vitamin E palms in the Angolan and Tanzanian populations of E. guineensis. Sequence alignment showed the presence of a SNP (−454) that associate with high vitamin E Angolan (AH) and Tanzanian (TH) palms and two SNPs, −781 and − 113 unique to AH. Functional characterization to determine the roles of SNPs in influencing E. guineensis HGGT (EgHGGT) promoter activity was carried out by transient β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene assay in mesocarp tissues for comparing activities of promoters from commercial E. guineensis (COM), AH, TH and a mutant derivative of COM (CM) produced by introducing the variant found in common in AH and TH. AH promoter gave significantly higher GUS activity than TH while COM and CM gave the lowest. We suggest that the CAAT-box unique to AH at the SNP (−113), a well-known proximal promoter element may enhance EgHGGT promoter activity resulting in the significantly higher α-tocotrienol content in AH, leading to the higher overall tocotrienol level.

ACS Style

Mohd Shahrul Nizwanshah Karim; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Mas Muniroh Mohd Nadzir; Mahdi Moradpour; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Meilina Ong Abdullah. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in oil palm HOMOGENTISATE GERANYL-GERANYL TRANSFERASE promoter for species differentiation and TOCOTRIENOL improvement. Meta Gene 2020, 27, 100818 .

AMA Style

Mohd Shahrul Nizwanshah Karim, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Mas Muniroh Mohd Nadzir, Mahdi Moradpour, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Meilina Ong Abdullah. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in oil palm HOMOGENTISATE GERANYL-GERANYL TRANSFERASE promoter for species differentiation and TOCOTRIENOL improvement. Meta Gene. 2020; 27 ():100818.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Shahrul Nizwanshah Karim; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Mas Muniroh Mohd Nadzir; Mahdi Moradpour; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Meilina Ong Abdullah. 2020. "Single nucleotide polymorphisms in oil palm HOMOGENTISATE GERANYL-GERANYL TRANSFERASE promoter for species differentiation and TOCOTRIENOL improvement." Meta Gene 27, no. : 100818.

Preprint content
Published: 22 June 2020
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Background Hemibiotrophic pathogen such as the fungal pathogen Ganoderma boninense that is destructive to oil palm, manipulates host defense mechanism by strategically switching from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. Our previous study revealed two distinguishable expression profiles of oil palm genes that formed the basis in deducing biotrophic phase at early interaction which switched to necrotrophic phase at later stage of infection. Results The present report is a continuing study from our previous published transcriptomic profiling of oil palm seedlings against G. boninense. We focused on identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors (TFs) from the same RNA-seq data resulting in 106 upregulated and 108 downregulated TFs being identified. DEGs involved in four established defense-related pathways are presented which are responsible in cell wall modification, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling, programmed cell death (PCD) and plant innate immunity. We discovered upregulation of JUNGBRUNNEN 1 (EgJUB1) during fungal biotrophic phase while Ethylene Responsive Factor 113 (EgERF113) demonstrated prominent upregulation when the palm switches to defense against necrotrophic phase. EgJUB1 was shown to have binding activity to a 19 bp palindromic SNBE1 element, WNNYBTNNNNNNNAMGNHW found in the promoter region of co-expressing EgHSFC-2b. Further in silico analysis of promoter regions revealed co-expression of EgJUB1 with TFs containing SNBE1 element with single nucleotide change at either the 5th or 18th position. Meanwhile, EgERF113 binds to both GCC and DRE/CRT elements promoting plasticity in upregulating the downstream defense-related genes. Both TFs were proven to be nuclear localized based on subcellular localization experiment using onion epidermal cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated unprecedented transcriptional reprogramming of specific TFs potentially to enable regulation of specific set of genes during different infection phases of this hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen. The results propose EgJUB1 and EgERF113 as key TFs in orchestrating the defense mechanisms during biotrophic and during the subsequent transition to necrotrophic phase, respectively. Identification of these phase-specific oil palm TFs is important in designing strategies to tackle or attenuate the progress of infection.

ACS Style

Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Abu Seman Idris. EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari, Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Abu Seman Idris. EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Abu Seman Idris. 2020. "EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 25 December 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The availability of data produced from various sequencing platforms offer the possibility to answer complex questions in plant research. However, drawbacks can arise when there are gaps in the information generated, and complementary platforms are essential to obtain more comprehensive data sets relating to specific biological process, such as responses to environmental perturbations in plant systems. The investigation of transcriptional regulation raises different challenges, particularly in associating differentially expressed transcription factors with their downstream responsive genes. In this paper, we discuss the integration of transcriptional factor studies through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). We show how the data from ChIP-seq can strengthen information generated from RNA-seq in elucidating gene regulatory mechanisms. In particular, we discuss how integration of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data can help to unravel transcriptional regulatory networks. This review discusses recent advances in methods for studying transcriptional regulation using these two methods. It also provides guidelines for making choices in selecting specific protocols in RNA-seq pipelines for genome-wide analysis to achieve more detailed characterization of specific transcription regulatory pathways via ChIP-seq.

ACS Style

Isiaka Ibrahim Muhammad; Sze Ling Kong; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Umaiyal Munusamy. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq as Complementary Approaches for Comprehension of Plant Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanism. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 21, 167 .

AMA Style

Isiaka Ibrahim Muhammad, Sze Ling Kong, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Umaiyal Munusamy. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq as Complementary Approaches for Comprehension of Plant Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanism. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 21 (1):167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isiaka Ibrahim Muhammad; Sze Ling Kong; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Umaiyal Munusamy. 2019. "RNA-seq and ChIP-seq as Complementary Approaches for Comprehension of Plant Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1: 167.

Review
Published: 20 June 2019 in Plant Biotechnology Journal
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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and Cas9-associated protein systems provide a powerful genetic manipulation tool that can drive plant research forward. Nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9) is an enzymatically inactive mutant of Cas9 in which its endonuclease activity is non-functional. The applications of CRISPR/dCas9 have expanded and diversified in recent years. Originally, dCas9 was used as a CRISPR/Cas9 re-engineering tool that enables targeted expression of any gene or multiple genes through recruitment of transcriptional effector domains without introducing irreversible DNA-damaging mutations. Subsequent applications have made use of its ability to recruit modifying enzymes and reporter proteins to DNA target sites. In this paper, the most recent progress in the applications of CRISPR/dCas9 in plants, which include gene activation and repression, epigenome editing, modulation of chromatin topology, live-cell chromatin imaging and DNA-free genetic modification, will be reviewed. The associated strategies for exploiting the CRISPR/dCas9 system for crop improvement with a dimer of the future of the CRISPR/dCas9 system in the functional genomics of crops and the development of traits will be briefly discussed.

ACS Style

Mahdi Moradpour; Siti Nor Akmar Abdulah. CRISPR/dCas9 platforms in plants: strategies and applications beyond genome editing. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2019, 18, 32 -44.

AMA Style

Mahdi Moradpour, Siti Nor Akmar Abdulah. CRISPR/dCas9 platforms in plants: strategies and applications beyond genome editing. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 2019; 18 (1):32-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahdi Moradpour; Siti Nor Akmar Abdulah. 2019. "CRISPR/dCas9 platforms in plants: strategies and applications beyond genome editing." Plant Biotechnology Journal 18, no. 1: 32-44.

Research article
Published: 19 June 2019 in Journal of Nanomaterials
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Ganoderma boninense (G. boninense) has been identified as a major problem in oil palm industry which caused basal stem rot disease. Identification of metabolite variation of healthy and G. boninense-infected oil palm leaves at 14 days postinfection using NMR metabolomics approach followed by characterization of an electrochemical sensor based on a functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) layer-by-layer framework on modified screen-printed carbon electrode has been successfully determined. Significant differences from the 1H NMR data were observed between healthy and G. boninense-infected oil palm leaves, according to principal component analysis. Gold nanoparticle-functionalized MWCNT and chitosan-functionalized MWCNT were deposited on a screen-printed carbon electrode and were applied for the electrochemical detection of healthy and G. boninense-infected oil palm leaves. The electrocatalytic activities of a modified electrode towards oxidation of healthy and G. boninense-infected oil palm leaves at a concentration of 100 mg/L were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The limits of detection of healthy and G. boninense-infected oil palm leaves were calculated to 0.0765 mg/L and 0.0414 mg/L, respectively. The modified electrode shows a good sensitivity and reproducibility due to the unique characteristics of gold nanoparticles, chitosan, MWCNTs, and synergistic interaction between them.

ACS Style

Azizul Isha; Fowotade Sulayman Akanbi; Nor Azah Yusof; Rosiah Osman; Wong Mui-Yun; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. An NMR Metabolomics Approach and Detection of Ganoderma boninense-Infected Oil Palm Leaves Using MWCNT-Based Electrochemical Sensor. Journal of Nanomaterials 2019, 2019, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Azizul Isha, Fowotade Sulayman Akanbi, Nor Azah Yusof, Rosiah Osman, Wong Mui-Yun, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. An NMR Metabolomics Approach and Detection of Ganoderma boninense-Infected Oil Palm Leaves Using MWCNT-Based Electrochemical Sensor. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2019; 2019 ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azizul Isha; Fowotade Sulayman Akanbi; Nor Azah Yusof; Rosiah Osman; Wong Mui-Yun; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. 2019. "An NMR Metabolomics Approach and Detection of Ganoderma boninense-Infected Oil Palm Leaves Using MWCNT-Based Electrochemical Sensor." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019, no. : 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2018 in BMC Plant Biology
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Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by hemibiotroph Ganoderma boninense is a devastating disease resulting in a major loss to the oil palm industry. Since there is no physical symptom in oil palm at the early stage of G. boninense infection, characterisation of molecular defense responses in oil palm during early interaction with the fungus is of the utmost importance. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings were artificially infected with G. boninense inoculums and root samples were obtained following a time-course of 0, 3, 7, and 11 days-post-inoculation (d.p.i) for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The host counter-attack was evidenced based on fungal hyphae and Ganoderma DNA observed at 3 d.p.i which became significantly reduced at 7 and 11 d.p.i. DEGs revealed upregulation of multifaceted defense related genes such as PR-protein (EgPR-1), protease inhibitor (EgBGIA), PRR protein (EgLYK3) chitinase (EgCht) and expansin (EgEXPB18) at 3 d.p.i and 7 d.p.i which dropped at 11 d.p.i. Later stage involved highly expressed transcription factors EgERF113 and EgMYC2 as potential regulators of necrotrophic defense at 11 d.p.i. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) elicitor: peroxidase (EgPER) and NADPH oxidase (EgRBOH) were upregulated and maintained throughout the treatment period. Growth and nutrient distribution were probably compromised through suppression of auxin signalling and iron uptake genes. Based on the analysis of oil palm gene expression, it was deduced that the biotrophic phase of Ganoderma had possibly occurred at the early phase (3 until 7 d.p.i) before being challenged by the fungus via switching its lifestyle into the necrotrophic phase at later stage (11 d.p.i) and finally succumbed the host. Together, the findings suggest the dynamic defense process in oil palm and potential candidates that can serve as phase-specific biomarkers at the early stages of oil palm-G. boninense interaction.

ACS Style

Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari; Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Redzyque Ramza Ramli; Saied Kadkhodaei. Transciptome profiling at early infection of Elaeis guineensis by Ganoderma boninense provides novel insights on fungal transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. BMC Plant Biology 2018, 18, 377 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari, Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Redzyque Ramza Ramli, Saied Kadkhodaei. Transciptome profiling at early infection of Elaeis guineensis by Ganoderma boninense provides novel insights on fungal transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. BMC Plant Biology. 2018; 18 (1):377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Nazri Abdul Bahari; Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Redzyque Ramza Ramli; Saied Kadkhodaei. 2018. "Transciptome profiling at early infection of Elaeis guineensis by Ganoderma boninense provides novel insights on fungal transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase." BMC Plant Biology 18, no. 1: 377.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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Oil palm is grown in tropical soils with low bioavailability of Pi. A cDNA clone specifically expressed under phosphate-starvation condition in oil palm roots was identified as a high-affinity phosphate transporter (EgPHT1). The deduced amino acid sequence has 6 transmembrane domains each at the N- and C-termini separated by a hydrophilic linker. Comparison of promoter motifs within 1500 bp upstream of ATG of 10 promoters from high- and low-affinity phosphate transporter from both dicots and monocots including EgPHT1 was performed. The EgPHT1 promoter was fused to β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and its activity was analysed by histochemical and fluorometric GUS assays in transiently transformed oil palm tissues and T homozygous transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In response to Pi-starvation, no GUS activity was detected in oil palm leaves, but a strong inducible activity was observed in the roots (1.4 times higher than the CaMV35S promoter). GUS was specifically expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis roots under Pi deficiency and starvation of the other macronutrients (N and K) did not induce GUS activity. Eight motifs including ABRERATCAL (abscisic-acid responsive), RHERPATEXPA7 (root hair-specific), SURECOREATSULTR11 (sulfur-deficiency response), LTRECOREATCOR15 (temperature-stress response), MYB2CONSENSUSAT and ACGTATERD1 (water-stress response) as well as two novel motifs, 3 (TAAAAAAA) and 26 (TTTTATGT) identified through pattern discovery, occur at significantly higher frequency (p < 0.05) in the high-than the low-affinity phosphate transporter promoters. The Pi deficiency-responsive elements in EgPHT1 includes the P1BS, W-box, E-box and the G-box. Thus, EgPHT1 is important for improving Pi uptake in oil palm with potential for engineering efficient Pi acquisition.

ACS Style

Farzaneh Ahmadi; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Saeid Kadkhodaei; Siti Mariyam Ijab; Luqman Hamzah; Maheran Abdul Aziz; Zaharah A. Rahman; Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee. Functional characterization of the gene promoter for an Elaeis guineensis phosphate starvation-inducible, high affinity phosphate transporter in both homologous and heterologous model systems. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2018, 127, 320 -335.

AMA Style

Farzaneh Ahmadi, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Saeid Kadkhodaei, Siti Mariyam Ijab, Luqman Hamzah, Maheran Abdul Aziz, Zaharah A. Rahman, Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee. Functional characterization of the gene promoter for an Elaeis guineensis phosphate starvation-inducible, high affinity phosphate transporter in both homologous and heterologous model systems. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2018; 127 ():320-335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farzaneh Ahmadi; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Saeid Kadkhodaei; Siti Mariyam Ijab; Luqman Hamzah; Maheran Abdul Aziz; Zaharah A. Rahman; Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee. 2018. "Functional characterization of the gene promoter for an Elaeis guineensis phosphate starvation-inducible, high affinity phosphate transporter in both homologous and heterologous model systems." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 127, no. : 320-335.

Original article
Published: 22 May 2018 in Plant Cell Reports
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TAAAAT and a novel motif, GCTTCA found in the oil palm stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD1) promoter are involved in regulating mesocarp-specific expression. Two key fatty acid biosynthetic genes, stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD1), and acyl-carrier protein (ACP3) in Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) showed high level of expression during the period of oil synthesis in the mesocarp [12–19 weeks after anthesis (w.a.a.)] and kernel (12–15 w.a.a.). Both genes are expressed in spear leaves at much lower levels and the expression increased by 1.5-fold to 2.5-fold following treatments with ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA). Both SAD1 and ACP3 promoters contain phytohormone-responsive, light-responsive, abiotic factors/wounding-responsive, endosperm specificity and fruit maturation/ripening regulatory motifs. The activities of the full length and six 5′ deletion fragments of the SAD1 promoter were analyzed in transiently transformed oil palm tissues by quantitative β-glucuronidase (GUS) fluorometric assay. The highest SAD1 promoter activity was observed in the mesocarp followed by kernel and the least in the leaves. GUS activity in the D3 deletion construct (− 486 to + 108) was the highest, while the D2 (− 535 to + 108) gave the lowest suggesting the presence of negative cis-acting regulatory element(s) in the deleted − 535 to − 486 (49 bp). It was found that the 49-bp region binds to the nuclear protein extract from mesocarp but not from leaves in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Further fine-tuned analysis of this 49-bp region using truncated DNA led to the identification of GCTTCA as a novel motif in the SAD1 promoter. Interestingly, another known fruit ripening-related motif, LECPLEACS2 (TAAAAT) was found to be required for effective binding of the novel motif to the mesocarp nuclear protein extract.

ACS Style

Farah Hanan Abu Hanifiah; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Ashida Othman; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Halimi Mohd Saud; Hasnul Abdul Hakim Hasnulhadi; Umaiyal Munusamy. GCTTCA as a novel motif for regulating mesocarp-specific expression of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) stearoyl-ACP desaturase gene. Plant Cell Reports 2018, 37, 1127 -1143.

AMA Style

Farah Hanan Abu Hanifiah, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Ashida Othman, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Halimi Mohd Saud, Hasnul Abdul Hakim Hasnulhadi, Umaiyal Munusamy. GCTTCA as a novel motif for regulating mesocarp-specific expression of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) stearoyl-ACP desaturase gene. Plant Cell Reports. 2018; 37 (8):1127-1143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farah Hanan Abu Hanifiah; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Ashida Othman; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Halimi Mohd Saud; Hasnul Abdul Hakim Hasnulhadi; Umaiyal Munusamy. 2018. "GCTTCA as a novel motif for regulating mesocarp-specific expression of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) stearoyl-ACP desaturase gene." Plant Cell Reports 37, no. 8: 1127-1143.

Chapter
Published: 18 October 2017 in Crop Improvement
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Oil palm is the most productive oil crop which plays a key role in meeting current and future demand for vegetable oil. Palm oil has a multitude of edible and nonedible applications and it is an important contributor to the economy of a few countries in the Southeast Asian region such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Water, temperature, and nutritional stresses are identified as key factors suppressing oil palm productivity. Addressing issues in key biological processes such as fruit development and responses to abiotic stress is essential in oil palm genetic improvement efforts. Gene expression at the transcriptional level is mainly regulated by transcription factors (TFs) which mediate cellular signaling responses and coordinate expression of biosynthetic pathway genes. Several transcription factors of the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) family including from the AP2 and ERF subfamilies have been identified to be involved in fruit ripening while the dehydration responsive element-binding 1 (DREB1)/C-repeat-binding factor (CBF) subfamilies are associated with abiotic stress response in oil palm. Their expression profiles have been studied in oil palm tissues at different stages of development and in response to various phytohormones and abiotic factors as well as in transgenic tomato as a model system. Their DNA binding abilities to specific motifs in stress-responsive and fruit ripening associated genes have been characterized through yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). This chapter also looks at other transcription factor families that have been shown to regulate these important biological processes in oil palm. The potential applications of the transcription factors for crop improvement efforts are discussed.

ACS Style

Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Mortaza Ebrahimi; Engku Ahmad Khairi Engku Ariff; Farah Hanan Abu Hanifiah. Transcription Factors Associated with Abiotic Stress and Fruit Development in Oil Palm. Crop Improvement 2017, 71 -99.

AMA Style

Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme, Mortaza Ebrahimi, Engku Ahmad Khairi Engku Ariff, Farah Hanan Abu Hanifiah. Transcription Factors Associated with Abiotic Stress and Fruit Development in Oil Palm. Crop Improvement. 2017; ():71-99.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Mortaza Ebrahimi; Engku Ahmad Khairi Engku Ariff; Farah Hanan Abu Hanifiah. 2017. "Transcription Factors Associated with Abiotic Stress and Fruit Development in Oil Palm." Crop Improvement , no. : 71-99.

Chapter
Published: 18 October 2017 in Crop Improvement
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Cisgenesis and intragenesis are emerging plant breeding technologies which offer great promise for future acceptance of genetically engineered crops. The techniques employ traditional genetic engineering methods but are confined to transferring of genes and genetic elements between sexually compatible species that can breed naturally. One of the main requirements is the absence of selectable marker genes (such as antibiotic resistance genes) in the genome. Hence the sensitive issues with regard to transfer of foreign genes and antibiotic resistance are overcome. It is a targeted technique involving specific locus; therefore, linkage drag that prolongs the time for crop improvement in traditional breeding does not occur. It has great potential for crop improvement using superior alleles that exist in the untapped germplasm or wild species. Cisgenic and intragenic plants may not face the same stringent regulatory assessment for field release as transgenic plants which is a clear added advantage that would save time. In this chapter, the concepts of cis/intragenesis and the prerequisites for the development of cis/intragenesis plants are elaborated. Strategies for marker gene removal after selection of transformants are discussed based on the few recent reports from various plant species.

ACS Style

Mahdi Moradpour; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. Cisgenesis and Intragenesis as New Strategies for Crop Improvement. Crop Improvement 2017, 191 -216.

AMA Style

Mahdi Moradpour, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. Cisgenesis and Intragenesis as New Strategies for Crop Improvement. Crop Improvement. 2017; ():191-216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahdi Moradpour; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. 2017. "Cisgenesis and Intragenesis as New Strategies for Crop Improvement." Crop Improvement , no. : 191-216.

Chapter
Published: 18 October 2017 in Crop Improvement
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Early detection of plant pathogens can aid in better disease management in the fields. Observations based on phenotypic changes are normally used to detect plant response towards infection by various pathogens. There are various biological and molecular tools for pathogen detection and disease screening useful for early diagnosis before occurrence of symptoms which can aid in routine crop monitoring. In addition, altered expression profile of pathogenesis related genes is a key indicator of defense response triggered in plant cells against a pathogenic attack. The expression levels of these genes can be used as an indirect measurement of pathogenicity level and also served as an early screening method. The accuracy, sensitivity and potential for high throughput analysis are important considerations for choosing a suitable tool for plant pathogen detection. This article is a brief insight on the types of plant diseases and molecular diagnostic tools that can be utilized to detect the infection to assist in efficient crop management practices.

ACS Style

Umaiyal Munusamy; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. Tools and Targeted Genes for Plant Disease Detection. Crop Improvement 2017, 359 -379.

AMA Style

Umaiyal Munusamy, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. Tools and Targeted Genes for Plant Disease Detection. Crop Improvement. 2017; ():359-379.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umaiyal Munusamy; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah. 2017. "Tools and Targeted Genes for Plant Disease Detection." Crop Improvement , no. : 359-379.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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Dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factor plays an important role in controlling the expression of abiotic stress responsive genes. An intronless oil palm EgDREB1 was isolated and confirmed to be a nuclear localized protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift and yeast one-hybrid assays validated its ability to interact with DRE/CRT motif. Its close evolutionary relation to the dicot NtDREB2 suggests a universal regulatory role. In order to determine its involvement in abiotic stress response, functional characterization was performed in oil palm seedlings subjected to different levels of drought severity and in EgDREB1 transgenic tomato seedlings treated by abiotic stresses. Its expression in roots and leaves was compared with several antioxidant genes using quantitative real-time PCR. Early accumulation of EgDREB1 in oil palm roots under mild drought suggests possible involvement in the initiation of signaling communication from root to shoot. Ectopic expression of EgDREB1 in T1 transgenic tomato seedlings enhanced expression of DRE/CRT and non-DRE/CRT containing genes, including tomato peroxidase (LePOD), ascorbate peroxidase (LeAPX), catalase (LeCAT), superoxide dismutase (LeSOD), glutathione reductase (LeGR), glutathione peroxidase (LeGP), heat shock protein 70 (LeHSP70), late embryogenesis abundant (LeLEA), metallothionine type 2 (LeMET2), delta 1-pyrroline-5- carboxylate synthetase (LePCS), ABA-aldehyde oxidase (LeAAO) and 9-cis- Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (LeECD) under PEG treatment and cold stress (4 °C). Altogether, these findings suggest that EgDREB1 is a functional regulator in enhancing tolerance to drought and cold stress.

ACS Style

Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Maheran Abd Aziz; Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab. Oil palm drought inducible DREB1 induced expression of DRE/CRT- and non-DRE/CRT-containing genes in lowland transgenic tomato under cold and PEG treatments. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2017, 112, 129 -151.

AMA Style

Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Maheran Abd Aziz, Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab. Oil palm drought inducible DREB1 induced expression of DRE/CRT- and non-DRE/CRT-containing genes in lowland transgenic tomato under cold and PEG treatments. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2017; 112 ():129-151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme; Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah; Maheran Abd Aziz; Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab. 2017. "Oil palm drought inducible DREB1 induced expression of DRE/CRT- and non-DRE/CRT-containing genes in lowland transgenic tomato under cold and PEG treatments." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 112, no. : 129-151.