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Peony is an important ornamental plant and has become increasingly popular for cut flower cultivation. However, a short vase life and frequent poor vase quality severely restrict its market value. The study described herein was conducted to investigate the effects of silicon application on the vase life and quality of two cut peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) cultivars, ‘Taebaek’ and ‘Euiseong’. For pre- and/or postharvest silicon application, four experimental groups based on treatments were designed. With silicon treatment, the relevant growth attributes, including the shoot and leaf lengths, stem and bud diameters as well as the leaf width were all remarkably increased. In the postharvest storage, the addition of silicon to the holding solution in the vase was able to significantly extend vase life, delay fresh weight decrease, and improve vase quality, as characterized by the antioxidant enzyme activities and mechanical stem strength. Taken together, silicon application, regardless of the approach, was able to effectively prolong the vase life and enhance the quality of cut peony flowers.
Jinnan Song; Yali Li; Jiangtao Hu; Jaehyeok Lee; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Pre- and/or Postharvest Silicon Application Prolongs the Vase Life and Enhances the Quality of Cut Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) Flowers. Plants 2021, 10, 1742 .
AMA StyleJinnan Song, Yali Li, Jiangtao Hu, Jaehyeok Lee, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Pre- and/or Postharvest Silicon Application Prolongs the Vase Life and Enhances the Quality of Cut Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) Flowers. Plants. 2021; 10 (8):1742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinnan Song; Yali Li; Jiangtao Hu; Jaehyeok Lee; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2021. "Pre- and/or Postharvest Silicon Application Prolongs the Vase Life and Enhances the Quality of Cut Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) Flowers." Plants 10, no. 8: 1742.
Broad-leaved evergreen trees create urban forests for mitigation of climate warming and adsorption of particulate matter (PM). This study was performed to identify the species suitable for urban greening by examining the adsorption capacity of the evergreen species in urban areas in Korea, the adsorption points and the elemental composition of PM in the adsorbed tree. Leaf sampling was carried out four times (period of seven months from October 2017 to May 2018) and used after drying (period 28 to 37 days). Particulate matter (PM) was classified and measured according to size PM2.5 (0.2–2.5 μm), PM10 (2.5–10 μm), PM100 (10–100 μm). The total amount of PM adsorbed on the leaf surface was highest in Pinus densiflora (24.6 μg∙cm−2), followed by Quercus salicina (47.4 μg∙cm−2). The composition of PM adsorbed by P. densiflora is 4.0% PM2.5, 39.5% PM10 and 56.5% PM100, while those adsorbed by Q. salicina are evergreen at 25.7% PM2.5, 27.4% PM10 and 46.9% PM100. When the amount of PM adsorbed on the leaf was calculated by LAI, the species that adsorbed PM the most was P. densiflora, followed by Q. salicina, followed by Q. salicina in the wax layer, then P. densiflora. As a result of this study, the amount of PM adsorbed per unit area of leaves, and the amount of PM calculated by LAI, showed a simpler pattern. The hardwoods had a high adsorption rate of PM2.5. The adsorption ratio of ultra-fine PM2.5 by evergreen broad-leaved trees was greater than that of coniferous trees. Therefore, broad-leaved evergreens such as Q. salicina are considered very suitable as species for adsorbing PM in the city. PM2.5 has been shown to be adsorbed through the pores and leaves of trees, indicating that the plant plays an important role in alleviating PM in the atmosphere. As a result of analyzing the elemental components of PM accumulated on leaf leaves by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/ energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) analysis, it was composed of O, C, Si, and N, and was found to be mainly generated by human activities around the road. The results of this study provide basic data regarding the selection of evergreen species that can effectively remove aerial PM. It also highlights the importance of evergreen plants for managing PM pollution during the winter and provides insights into planning additional green infrastructure to improve urban air quality.
Eon Jin; Jun Yoon; Eun Bae; Byoung Jeong; Seong Yong; Myung Choi. Particulate Matter Removal Ability of Ten Evergreen Trees Planted in Korea Urban Greening. Forests 2021, 12, 438 .
AMA StyleEon Jin, Jun Yoon, Eun Bae, Byoung Jeong, Seong Yong, Myung Choi. Particulate Matter Removal Ability of Ten Evergreen Trees Planted in Korea Urban Greening. Forests. 2021; 12 (4):438.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEon Jin; Jun Yoon; Eun Bae; Byoung Jeong; Seong Yong; Myung Choi. 2021. "Particulate Matter Removal Ability of Ten Evergreen Trees Planted in Korea Urban Greening." Forests 12, no. 4: 438.
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) can be easily propagated with daughter plants or through crown division, which are developed from the axillary bud at the axils of leaves. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different cytokinins, auxins, and their combinations on the axillary bud growth in strawberry. Four cytokinins (6-benzyladenine, kinetin, zeatin, and thidiazuron (TDZ)) and three auxins (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, and naphthaleneacetic acid) at a concentration of 50 mg·L−1 were sprayed on the leaves three times in 10-day intervals. The expression levels of cytokinin, auxin, and meristem-related genes in the crowns were also investigated. The results showed that TDZ was the most effective hormone for the axillary bud growth, and also promoted plant growth. However, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and starch contents in the leaves were lower after TDZ. TDZ activated the cytokinin signal transduction pathway, while repressing the auxin synthesis genes. Several meristem-related transcription factors were upregulated, which might be essential for the growth of the axillary buds. These results suggested that TDZ can improve the cultivation of strawberry, while further research is needed to explain the effect on phytochemistry.
Yali Li; Jiangtao Hu; Jie Xiao; Ge Guo; Byoung Jeong. Foliar Thidiazuron Promotes the Growth of Axillary Buds in Strawberry. Agronomy 2021, 11, 594 .
AMA StyleYali Li, Jiangtao Hu, Jie Xiao, Ge Guo, Byoung Jeong. Foliar Thidiazuron Promotes the Growth of Axillary Buds in Strawberry. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):594.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYali Li; Jiangtao Hu; Jie Xiao; Ge Guo; Byoung Jeong. 2021. "Foliar Thidiazuron Promotes the Growth of Axillary Buds in Strawberry." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 594.
Plants are exposed to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses, and light is one of the most important factors that influences the plant morphology. This study was carried out to examine how the lighting direction affected the plant morphology by investigating the growth parameters, epidermal cell elongation, stomatal properties, and physiological changes. Seedlings of two head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars, Caesar Green and Polla, were subjected to a 12 h photoperiod with a 300 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) provided by light emitting diodes (LEDs) from three directions: the top, side, and bottom, relative to the plants. Compared with the top and side lighting, the bottom lighting increased the leaf angle and canopy by stimulating the epidermal cell elongation in leaf midrib, reduced the leaf number and root biomass, and induced large stomata with a low density, which is associated with reduced stomatal conductance and carbohydrate contents. However, the proline content and quantum yield exhibited no significant differences with the different lighting directions in both cultivars, which implies that the plants were under normal physiological conditions. In a conclusion, the lighting direction had a profound effect on the morphological characteristics of lettuce, where the plants adapted to the changing lighting environments.
MengZhao Wang; Hao Wei; Byoung Jeong. Lighting Direction Affects Leaf Morphology, Stomatal Characteristics, and Physiology of Head Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 3157 .
AMA StyleMengZhao Wang, Hao Wei, Byoung Jeong. Lighting Direction Affects Leaf Morphology, Stomatal Characteristics, and Physiology of Head Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (6):3157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMengZhao Wang; Hao Wei; Byoung Jeong. 2021. "Lighting Direction Affects Leaf Morphology, Stomatal Characteristics, and Physiology of Head Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6: 3157.
A reduction in crop productivity in cultivable land and challenging environmental factors have directed advancement in indoor cultivation systems, such that the yield parameters are higher in outdoor cultivation systems. In wake of this situation, light emitting diode (LED) lighting has proved to be promising in the field of agricultural lighting. Properties such as energy efficiency, long lifetime, photon flux efficacy and flexibility in application make LEDs better suited for future agricultural lighting systems over traditional lighting systems. Different LED spectrums have varied effects on the morphogenesis and photosynthetic responses in plants. LEDs have a profound effect on plant growth and development and also control key physiological processes such as phototropism, the immigration of chloroplasts, day/night period control and the opening/closing of stomata. Moreover, the synthesis of bioactive compounds and antioxidants on exposure to LED spectrum also provides information on the possible regulation of antioxidative defense genes to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Similarly, LEDs are also seen to escalate the nutrient metabolism in plants and flower initiation, thus improving the quality of the crops as well. However, the complete management of the irradiance and wavelength is the key to maximize the economic efficacy of crop production, quality, and the nutrition potential of plants grown in controlled environments. This review aims to summarize the various advancements made in the area of LED technology in agriculture, focusing on key processes such as morphological changes, photosynthetic activity, nutrient metabolism, antioxidant capacity and flowering in plants. Emphasis is also made on the variation in activities of different LED spectra between different plant species. In addition, research gaps and future perspectives are also discussed of this emerging multidisciplinary field of research and its development.
Musa Al Murad; Kaukab Razi; Byoung Jeong; Prakash Samy; Sowbiya Muneer. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as Agricultural Lighting: Impact and Its Potential on Improving Physiology, Flowering, and Secondary Metabolites of Crops. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1985 .
AMA StyleMusa Al Murad, Kaukab Razi, Byoung Jeong, Prakash Samy, Sowbiya Muneer. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as Agricultural Lighting: Impact and Its Potential on Improving Physiology, Flowering, and Secondary Metabolites of Crops. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1985.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMusa Al Murad; Kaukab Razi; Byoung Jeong; Prakash Samy; Sowbiya Muneer. 2021. "Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as Agricultural Lighting: Impact and Its Potential on Improving Physiology, Flowering, and Secondary Metabolites of Crops." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1985.
The current study has determined the effect of red and blue lights on the enhancement of growth, antioxidant property, phytochemical contents, and expression of proteins in Scrophularia kakudensis. In vitro-grown shoot tip explants of S. kakudensis were cultured on the plant growth regulator-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and cultured under the conventional cool white fluorescent lamp (control), blue light-emitting diodes (LED) light, or red LED light. After 4 weeks, growth, stomatal ultrastructure, total phenols and flavonoids, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and protein expressions were determined. Interestingly, blue or red LED treatment increased the shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, and biomass on comparison with the control. In addition, the LED treatments enhanced the contents of phytochemicals in the extracts. The red LED treatment significantly elicited the accumulation of flavonoids in comparison with the control. In accordance with the secondary metabolites, the LED treatments modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the proteomic insights using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system revealed the proteins involved in transcription and translation, carbohydrate mechanism, post-translational modification, and stress responses. Taken together, the incorporation of blue or red LED during in vitro propagation of S. kakudensis can be a beneficial way to increase the plant quality and medicinal values of S. kakudensis.
Abinaya Manivannan; Prabhakaran Soundararajan; Yoo Gyeong Park; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Physiological and Proteomic Insights Into Red and Blue Light-Mediated Enhancement of in vitro Growth in Scrophularia kakudensis—A Potential Medicinal Plant. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleAbinaya Manivannan, Prabhakaran Soundararajan, Yoo Gyeong Park, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Physiological and Proteomic Insights Into Red and Blue Light-Mediated Enhancement of in vitro Growth in Scrophularia kakudensis—A Potential Medicinal Plant. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbinaya Manivannan; Prabhakaran Soundararajan; Yoo Gyeong Park; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2021. "Physiological and Proteomic Insights Into Red and Blue Light-Mediated Enhancement of in vitro Growth in Scrophularia kakudensis—A Potential Medicinal Plant." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1.
Sorbus commixta is a valuable hardwood plant with a high economical value for its medicinal and ornamental qualities. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the iron (Fe) source and medium pH on the growth and development of S. commixta in vitro. The Fe sources used, including non-chelated iron sulfate (FeSO4), iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Fe-EDTA), and iron diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Fe-DTPA), were supplemented to the Multipurpose medium with a final Fe concentration of 2.78 mg·L−1. The medium without any supplementary Fe was used as the control. The pH of the agar-solidified medium was adjusted to either 4.70, 5.70, or 6.70. The experiment was conducted in a culture room for six weeks with 25 °C day and night temperatures, and a 16-h photoperiod with a light intensity of 50 mmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Both the Fe source and pH affected the growth and development of the micropropagated plants in vitro. The leaves were greener in the pH 4.70 and 5.70 treatments. The tissue Fe content decreased with the increase of the medium pH. The leaf chlorophyll content was similar between plants treated with FeSO4 and those with Fe-EDTA. The numbers of the shoots and roots of plantlets treated with FeSO4 were 2.5 and 2 times greater than those of the control, respectively. The fresh and dry weights of the shoot and the root were the greatest for plants treated with Fe-EDTA combined with pH 5.70. The calcium, magnesium, and manganese contents in the plantlets increased in the pH 5.70 treatments regardless of the Fe source. Supplementary Fe decreased the activity of ferric chelate reductase. Overall, although the plantlets absorbed more Fe at pH 4.70, Fe-EDTA combined with pH 5.70 was found to be the best for the growth and development of S. commixta in vitro.
Jie Xiao; Yoo Gyeong Park; Ge Guo; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Effect of Iron Source and Medium pH on Growth and Development of Sorbus commixta In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 22, 133 .
AMA StyleJie Xiao, Yoo Gyeong Park, Ge Guo, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Effect of Iron Source and Medium pH on Growth and Development of Sorbus commixta In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 22 (1):133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Xiao; Yoo Gyeong Park; Ge Guo; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "Effect of Iron Source and Medium pH on Growth and Development of Sorbus commixta In Vitro." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1: 133.
This research examined the effects of the supplementary or night-interrupting (NI) blue (B) light supplied at a low intensity on the flowering, gene expression, and morphogenesis of chrysanthemum, a qualitative short-day plant. White (W) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to provide light with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 180 μmol·m−2·s−1 during the photoperiod to grow the plants in a plant factory. The control group was constructed with plants that were exposed to a 10-h short day (SD10) treatment without any blue light. The B light in this research was used for 4 h to either (1) extend the photoperiod for plants at the end of a 9-h short day (SD) treatment as the sole light source (SD9 + 4B), (2) provide night interruption (NI) to plants in the 13-h long-day (LD) treatment (LD13 + NI − 4B), (3) provide NI to plants in the 10-h SD treatment (SD10 + NI − 4B), or (4) supplement the W LEDs at the end of a 13-h LD treatment (LD13 + 4B). Blue LEDs were used to provide the supplementary/NI light at 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD. The LD13 + NI − 4B treatment resulted in the greatest plant height, followed by LD13 + 4B. Plants in all treatments flowered. It is noteworthy that despite the fact that chrysanthemum is a qualitative SD plant, chrysanthemum plants flowered when grown in the LD13 + 4B and LD13 + NI − 4B treatments. Plants grown in the LD13 + 4B had the greatest number of flowers. Plants grown in the LD13 + 4B treatment had the highest expression levels of the cryptochrome 1, phytochrome A, and phytochrome B genes. The results of this study indicate that a 4-h supplementation of B light during the photoperiod increases flower bud formation and promotes flowering, and presents a possibility as an alternative method to using blackout curtains in LD seasons to practically induce flowering. The B light application methods to induce flowering in SD plants requires further research.
Yoo Gyeong Park; Byoung Ryong Jeong. How Supplementary or Night-Interrupting Low-Intensity Blue Light Affects the Flower Induction in Chrysanthemum, A Qualitative Short-Day Plant. Plants 2020, 9, 1694 .
AMA StyleYoo Gyeong Park, Byoung Ryong Jeong. How Supplementary or Night-Interrupting Low-Intensity Blue Light Affects the Flower Induction in Chrysanthemum, A Qualitative Short-Day Plant. Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1694.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoo Gyeong Park; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "How Supplementary or Night-Interrupting Low-Intensity Blue Light Affects the Flower Induction in Chrysanthemum, A Qualitative Short-Day Plant." Plants 9, no. 12: 1694.
The beneficial effects that silicon (Si) has on plant growth as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses have been well documented for many crops in recent years. However, few studies focus on the effects of Si on plant growth during the propagation stage of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa, Duchesne). This study was conducted to investigate the optimal method for Si application during the cutting propagation of strawberry in soilless cultivation. Strawberry mother plants were supplied with Si through foliar spray, runner spray, or root drench before the cutting propagation, then half of the daughter plants in each treatment received continued Si supply through foliar spray or through root drench after the cutting propagation. The results showed that the plant height, petiole length and diameter, leaf length and width, shoot fresh and dry weights, and root fresh and dry weights were significantly increased by Si root drench both before and after the cutting propagation. Moreover, plants absorbed more Si by drench than by spray, and the absorbed Si was only able to be transported from the root to the shoot, and from the mother plant to the daughter plant. Further research found that the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter of the maximum quantum efficiency of the photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase were also enhanced while catalase did not change under a high temperature stress in strawberry treated with Si before and after cutting propagation by root drench. Thus, Si application by drenching the roots during the whole propagation period is recommended to increase the quality of the strawberry daughter plants in soilless cultivation.
Yali Li; Jie Xiao; Jiangtao Hu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Method of Silicon Application Affects Quality of Strawberry Daughter Plants during Cutting Propagation in Hydroponic Substrate System. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1753 .
AMA StyleYali Li, Jie Xiao, Jiangtao Hu, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Method of Silicon Application Affects Quality of Strawberry Daughter Plants during Cutting Propagation in Hydroponic Substrate System. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (11):1753.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYali Li; Jie Xiao; Jiangtao Hu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "Method of Silicon Application Affects Quality of Strawberry Daughter Plants during Cutting Propagation in Hydroponic Substrate System." Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1753.
Dong Il Kang; Jiangtao Hu; Yali Li; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Growth, Productivity, and Quality of Strawberry as Affected by Propagation Method and Cultivation System. Protected horticulture and Plant Factory 2020, 29, 326 -336.
AMA StyleDong Il Kang, Jiangtao Hu, Yali Li, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Growth, Productivity, and Quality of Strawberry as Affected by Propagation Method and Cultivation System. Protected horticulture and Plant Factory. 2020; 29 (4):326-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong Il Kang; Jiangtao Hu; Yali Li; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "Growth, Productivity, and Quality of Strawberry as Affected by Propagation Method and Cultivation System." Protected horticulture and Plant Factory 29, no. 4: 326-336.
The effects of silicon (Si) on temperature stresses were investigated in poinsettia. Well-rooted cuttings supplemented with and without Si were exposed to 40 °C, and plants treated with or without Si during cutting propagation and cultivation were subjected to 4 °C. The results showed that almost all the stomata of cuttings without Si supplementation were closed, while some of them were still open in cuttings supplemented with Si under a high temperature stress. However, Si was not able to alleviate stomatal closure of poinsettia under low temperature stress. The increased epicuticular wax might contribute to enhanced resistance of poinsettia to low temperature stresses. In addition, poinsettia maintained a higher photosynthetic rate and lower malonaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide concentrations when supplemented with Si under high and low temperature stresses, which might contribute to lower APX activities. Overall, temperature stresses had negative impacts on the physiological characteristics of poinsettia, while Si could alleviate some effects of temperature stresses.
Jiangtao Hu; Yali Li; Byoung Jeong. Silicon Alleviates Temperature Stresses in Poinsettia by Regulating Stomata, Photosynthesis, and Oxidative Damages. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1419 .
AMA StyleJiangtao Hu, Yali Li, Byoung Jeong. Silicon Alleviates Temperature Stresses in Poinsettia by Regulating Stomata, Photosynthesis, and Oxidative Damages. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiangtao Hu; Yali Li; Byoung Jeong. 2020. "Silicon Alleviates Temperature Stresses in Poinsettia by Regulating Stomata, Photosynthesis, and Oxidative Damages." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1419.
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop, cultivated widely for cut flowers. This study was conducted to determine the optimal supplementary light source for the cutting propagation of carnation ‘Dreambyul’ cuttings. Terminal cuttings were propagated in a glasshouse with an average of 260 µmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) coming from the sun (the control), supplemented with one of three artificial light sources: mixed (red: blue: white = 6:1:1) light-emitting diodes (LED-mix), metal halide (MH) lamps, or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. The supplementary light was provided from 7:00 to 17:00 h at 100 µmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD during propagation. The cuttings were kept on a fogged bench in a glasshouse for 25 days with 24/15 °C day/night temperatures and 88% relative humidity. Compared with the control, better root formation was observed from cuttings grown under the supplementary lights after 10 days. After 25 days of propagation, MH significantly increased the root length, root number, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot biomass, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weights. The best root ball formation and the highest root activities were also found in cuttings propagated with supplementary MH light. Supplementary light increased the plant temperature, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates. Overall, the root formation and development of carnation ‘Dreambyul’ cuttings were significantly promoted by the three supplementary light sources. Of the three, MH was identified as the optimal supplementary light source.
MengZhao Wang; Jie Xiao; Hao Wei; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Supplementary Light Source Affects Growth and Development of Carnation ‘Dreambyul’ Cuttings. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1217 .
AMA StyleMengZhao Wang, Jie Xiao, Hao Wei, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Supplementary Light Source Affects Growth and Development of Carnation ‘Dreambyul’ Cuttings. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (8):1217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMengZhao Wang; Jie Xiao; Hao Wei; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "Supplementary Light Source Affects Growth and Development of Carnation ‘Dreambyul’ Cuttings." Agronomy 10, no. 8: 1217.
Commercial strawberries are mainly propagated using daughter plants produced on aerial runners because asexual propagation is faster than seed propagation, and daughter plants retain the characteristics of the mother plant. This study was conducted to investigate the effective factors for runner induction, as well as the molecular mechanisms behind the runner induction. An orthogonal test with 4 factors (photoperiod, temperature, gibberellin, and 6-benzyladenine), each with 3 levels was performed. Proteins were also extracted from the crowns with or without runners and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results of the orthogonal test showed that a long-day (LD) environment was the most influential factor for the runner formation, and 50 mg·L−1 of 6-BA significantly increased the number of runners. A proteomic analysis revealed that 32 proteins were differentially expressed (2-fold, p < 0.05) in the strawberry crowns with and without runners. A total of 16 spots were up-regulated in the crowns with runners induced by LD treatment. Identified proteins were classified into seven groups according to their biological roles. The most prominent groups were carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthesis, which indicated that the carbohydrate content may increase during runner formation. A further analysis demonstrated that the soluble sugar content was positively correlated with the number of runners. Thus, it is suggested that the photoperiod and 6-BA break the dormancy of the axillary buds and produce runners by increasing the soluble sugar content in strawberry.
Yali Li; Jiangtao Hu; Hao Wei; Byoung Jeong. A Long-Day Photoperiod and 6-Benzyladenine Promote Runner Formation through Upregulation of Soluble Sugar Content in Strawberry. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 4917 .
AMA StyleYali Li, Jiangtao Hu, Hao Wei, Byoung Jeong. A Long-Day Photoperiod and 6-Benzyladenine Promote Runner Formation through Upregulation of Soluble Sugar Content in Strawberry. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (14):4917.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYali Li; Jiangtao Hu; Hao Wei; Byoung Jeong. 2020. "A Long-Day Photoperiod and 6-Benzyladenine Promote Runner Formation through Upregulation of Soluble Sugar Content in Strawberry." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14: 4917.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of light quality on the growth and contents of photosynthetic pigments and total flavonoids, the parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, antioxidant capacities, and enzyme activities. It was intended to preliminarily explore the internal mechanisms involved for the effect of light quality on the growth and physiology of Carpesium triste Maxim. Stem apex explants were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium under white (W), red (R), blue (B), or a 1:1 mixture of red and blue (RB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for four weeks. The RB induced sturdy plantlets and increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments and total flavonoids, photosynthetic electron transport and efficiency, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the plantlets. Taken together, combinations of monochromatic red and blue LEDs could be used for the best production of high-quality C. triste plantlets in vitro.
Jin Zhao; Luc Thi; Yoo Park; Byoung Jeong. Light Quality Affects Growth and Physiology of Carpesium triste Maxim. Cultured In Vitro. Agriculture 2020, 10, 258 .
AMA StyleJin Zhao, Luc Thi, Yoo Park, Byoung Jeong. Light Quality Affects Growth and Physiology of Carpesium triste Maxim. Cultured In Vitro. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (7):258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Zhao; Luc Thi; Yoo Park; Byoung Jeong. 2020. "Light Quality Affects Growth and Physiology of Carpesium triste Maxim. Cultured In Vitro." Agriculture 10, no. 7: 258.
Jin Zhao; Li Yali; Park Yoo Gyeong; Jiangtao Hu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Runner Training Angle Affects Growth of Runners in ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’ Strawberries. Protected horticulture and Plant Factory 2020, 29, 231 -238.
AMA StyleJin Zhao, Li Yali, Park Yoo Gyeong, Jiangtao Hu, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Runner Training Angle Affects Growth of Runners in ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’ Strawberries. Protected horticulture and Plant Factory. 2020; 29 (3):231-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Zhao; Li Yali; Park Yoo Gyeong; Jiangtao Hu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "Runner Training Angle Affects Growth of Runners in ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’ Strawberries." Protected horticulture and Plant Factory 29, no. 3: 231-238.
Artificial light supplementation is widely used in modern agriculture. Due to their numerous advantages, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used to effectively increase the yield or control the development of crops. In the present study, the effects of supplementary morning lighting (SML) with LEDs on the physiology and stomatal characteristics of strawberry plants were studied, with the aim of awakening the plant guard cells before sunrise and enabling strawberry plants to efficiently photosynthesize immediately after sunrise. Young daughter plants of ‘Maehyang’ and ‘Seolhyang’ strawberry cultivars that have just rooted were grown under LEDs with different wavelengths—white (W), red (R), mixed blue and red (BR, 1:1), and blue (B)—to investigate the effects of the SML on the physiology, stomatal characteristics, and growth. The SML was provided for 2 h at an intensity of 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD before sunrise every morning. A group without supplementary lighting was set as the control. The results showed that the different SML qualities have significantly affected the stomatal characteristics. The B SML promoted the stomatal opening more effectively compared to the other SMLs. The stomatal conductance and quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of leaves treated with the SMLs were higher than those of the control group. The B and BR SMLs most significantly affected the stomatal conductance and quantum yield (Fv/Fm). After 30 days of the SML treatments, it was observed that the B SML effectively improved the plant quality, chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate accumulation in the two strawberry cultivars. In general, a short-term exposure to blue light before sunrise can effectively improve the quality and promote the production of strawberry plants.
Hao Wei; Chen Liu; Jiangtao Hu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Quality of Supplementary Morning Lighting (SML) During Propagation Period Affects Physiology, Stomatal Characteristics, and Growth of Strawberry Plants. Plants 2020, 9, 638 .
AMA StyleHao Wei, Chen Liu, Jiangtao Hu, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Quality of Supplementary Morning Lighting (SML) During Propagation Period Affects Physiology, Stomatal Characteristics, and Growth of Strawberry Plants. Plants. 2020; 9 (5):638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Wei; Chen Liu; Jiangtao Hu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "Quality of Supplementary Morning Lighting (SML) During Propagation Period Affects Physiology, Stomatal Characteristics, and Growth of Strawberry Plants." Plants 9, no. 5: 638.
Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plants. To understand Si uptake and accumulation in poinsettia, the Si transporters and their expression patterns were investigated. Nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane proteins (NIPs) act as transporters of water and small solutes, including silicic acid. In this study, one NIP member, designated EpLsi1, was identified. Additionally, a protein from the citrate transporter family, designated EpLsi2, was identified. Sequence analyses indicated that EpLsi1 belonged to the NIP-I subgroup, which has a low Si uptake capacity. Consistently, the measured tissue Si content in the poinsettia was less than 1.73 ± 0.17 mg·g−1 dry weight, which was very low when compared to that in high Si accumulators. The expressions of EpLsi1 and EpLsi2 in poinsettia cuttings treated with 0 mg·L−1 Si decreased under temperature stresses. A short-term Si supplementation decreased the expressions of both EpLsi1 and EpLsi2 in the roots and leaves, while a long-term Si supplementation increased the expression of EpLsi1 in the leaves, bracts, and cyathia, and increased the expression of EpLsi2 in the roots and leaves. Tissue Si content increased in the roots of cuttings treated with 75 mg·L−1 Si at both 4 and 40 °C, indicating that the transport activities of the EpLsi1 were enhanced under temperature stresses. A long-term Si supplementation increased the tissue Si content in the roots of poinsettia treated with 75 mg·L−1 Si. Overall, poinsettia was a low Si accumulator, the expressions of Si transporters were down-regulated, and the tissue Si content increased with temperature stresses and Si supplementation. These results may help the breeding and commercial production of poinsettia.
Jiangtao Hu; Yali Li; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Putative Silicon Transporters and Effect of Temperature Stresses and Silicon Supplementation on Their Expressions and Tissue Silicon Content in Poinsettia. Plants 2020, 9, 569 .
AMA StyleJiangtao Hu, Yali Li, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Putative Silicon Transporters and Effect of Temperature Stresses and Silicon Supplementation on Their Expressions and Tissue Silicon Content in Poinsettia. Plants. 2020; 9 (5):569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiangtao Hu; Yali Li; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "Putative Silicon Transporters and Effect of Temperature Stresses and Silicon Supplementation on Their Expressions and Tissue Silicon Content in Poinsettia." Plants 9, no. 5: 569.
Callus induction is an important stage in micropropagation. In this study, embryos, cotyledons, and hypocotyls of tree peony (Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’) were used as explants to induce callus formation. Callus induction was largely influenced by the medium, plant growth regulator, and explant. All combinations of the medium and plant growth regulator were conducive to callus induction from zygotic embryos, where the ratio of explants with callus induction was very high in all of the combinations. The greatest ratio of explants with callus induction from the cotyledon explants was found on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) or Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with both 0.5 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and either 0.5 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 0.5 mg L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and on the WPM containing 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). The ratio of explants with callus induced from the hypocotyl explants was the greatest on either MS medium or WPM supplemented with both 0.5 mg L−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L−1 TDZ. In contrast, a combination of 0.5 mg L−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L−1 TDZ, or 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg L−1 TDZ was highly likely to cause a browning problem during culture. For browning suppression, calcium chloride (CaCl2), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), gallic acid, and caffeic acid were much more effective than other reagents. The efficacy on browning suppression was concentration-dependent, and the best results were obtained at a concentration of 4.0 mg L−1 CaCl2, 1.0–2.0 g L−1 PVP, 0.5–1.0 mg L−1 gallic acid, and 0.5–1.0 mg L−1 caffeic acid, respectively. In summary, callus formation was successfully induced from the zygotic embryo, cotyledon, and hypocotyl explants, and callus browning was effectively suppressed by caffeic acid (0.5–1.0 mg L−1), gallic acid (1.0 mg L−1), CaCl2 (4.0 mg L−1), and PVP (1.0 g L−1).
Xiuxia Ren; Ya Liu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. Callus induction and browning suppression in tree peony Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2020, 61, 591 -600.
AMA StyleXiuxia Ren, Ya Liu, Byoung Ryong Jeong. Callus induction and browning suppression in tree peony Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2020; 61 (3):591-600.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiuxia Ren; Ya Liu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "Callus induction and browning suppression in tree peony Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 61, no. 3: 591-600.
Runner propagation is an important process in strawberry cultivation, which influences plant survival and fruit yield during the commercial production. In South Korea, this process is carried out on plug tray benches that are set off the ground in greenhouses, rather than in open fields. During the propagation, the propagation media and fogging systems play an important role in the survival and rooting of daughter plants. The aim of this study is to investigate the influences of the different types of propagation media and various fogging treatments on the rooting and early growth of strawberry daughter plants. Two strawberry cultivars—‘Maehyang’ and ‘Seolhyang’—in a glasshouse, grown in four different propagation media-a peat moss-based mixture (PBM), rockwool cube (RWC), granular rockwool (GRW), and a coir-based mixture (CBM)—combined with five fogging durations, 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days were tested. PBM with 9–12 days of fogging was the most ideal combination for the rooting and early growth of daughter plants of the two strawberry cultivars, which increased the ratio of survival and rooting, number of new leaves, root length and maximised the fresh and dry weights of the aboveground and belowground runner biomass. However, fogging treatments shorter than 9 days led to a lower survival rate and rooting. RWC and GRW are not recommended for young plants of these two strawberry cultivars because their strong water-retentive properties could subject the root to water stress, which can lead to root rotting. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for strawberry growers to improve the quality of plants and efficiency of production during the propagation period.
Hao Wei; Chen Liu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. An Optimal Combination of the Propagation Medium and Fogging Duration Enhances the Survival, Rooting and Early Growth of Strawberry Daughter Plants. Agronomy 2020, 10, 557 .
AMA StyleHao Wei, Chen Liu, Byoung Ryong Jeong. An Optimal Combination of the Propagation Medium and Fogging Duration Enhances the Survival, Rooting and Early Growth of Strawberry Daughter Plants. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (4):557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Wei; Chen Liu; Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2020. "An Optimal Combination of the Propagation Medium and Fogging Duration Enhances the Survival, Rooting and Early Growth of Strawberry Daughter Plants." Agronomy 10, no. 4: 557.