Introduction: Sexual and reproductive health is a critical aspect of medical education, yet significant knowledge gaps persist even among future healthcare professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of Romanian medical students regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and contraceptive practices. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 510 undergraduate medical students, using a validated 30-item online questionnaire assessing socio-demographic data, sexual behaviors, STI knowledge, and attitudes towards sexual health. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Participants demonstrated a good understanding of common STI pathogens and transmission routes, with 99.02% identifying unprotected vaginal intercourse as a risk factor. However, only 58.82% correctly identified Chlamydia trachomatis, and awareness of less common pathogens remained low. Long-term complications such as infertility (85.29%) and cervical cancer (87.25%) were well recognized, although misconceptions about STI severity persisted, with over 40% believing that STIs are not dangerous because they are treatable. Male students reported earlier sexual debut and more frequent high-risk behaviors, while females were more likely to consult specialist doctors and receive HPV vaccination. The level of knowledge correlated positively with parental education and faculty program. Conclusions: Despite generally high awareness of STI-related topics, considerable gaps and misconceptions persist among Romanian medical students. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive, structured sexual health education integrated into medical curricula to ensure future healthcare providers are well-equipped to promote public health.

Background and Objectives: Partial nephrectomy is the preferred intervention for many localized renal tumors; but intraoperative tumor localization, real-time perfusion evaluation, and vascular control optimization can be technically demanding, especially in endophytic or complex lesions. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) has been adopted as an intraoperative adjunct to improve visualization, support selective or super-selective clamping strategies and assist tumor to parenchyma contrast and selective vascular control. However, current evidence regarding the benefit of ICG-NIRF is often inconsistent, and a significant gap exists due to the lack of standardized intraoperative protocols, which limits the reproducibility of clinical results. This review aims to synthesize existing comparative evidence, identify the sources of methodological heterogeneity, and propose minimum criteria for the standardization of ICG use in renal surgery. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed with the terms near-infrared fluorescence, indocyanine green, and partial nephrectomy, focusing on comparative clinical studies published since 2012. Key endpoints included warm ischemia time (WIT), positive surgical margins (PSMs), perioperative outcomes, short-term renal functional measures (eGFR and or split renal function), and available oncologic follow-up. Results: ICG-NIRF enables real-time visualization of renal perfusion and vascular anatomy and may improve tumor parenchyma contrast in superficial or partially exophytic tumors, facilitating selective clamping in selected cases. Comparative cohorts and meta-analyses report small reductions in WIT (approximately 1 to 3 min) in some series, modest short-term superiority in eGFR (e.g., 4.62 mL/min at discharge or 9.26 mL/min at 1 to 3 months), no consistent differences in PSM rates (reported ranges of 0 to 11 percent across studies), major complications, or recurrence outcomes. Durable improvements in long-term renal function and consistent benefits in split renal function have not been demonstrated. Interpretation is limited by heterogeneity in ICG dosing, timing, imaging platforms, and acquisition. Conclusions: ICG-NIRF is a useful adjunct for intraoperative perfusion assessment and selective vascular control during partial nephrectomy, but current evidence does not demonstrate long-term functional or oncologic benefit over standard approaches. Further progress requires protocol standardization, quantitative fluorescence metrics, and adequately powered trials with long-term functional and oncologic endpoints, together with the development of deeper-penetrating and more tumor-specific fluorophores.