Aim: To demonstrate the feasibility of the 3D ultrasound periodontal tissue reconstruction of the lateral area of a porcine mandible using standard 2D ultrasound equipment and spatial positioning reading sensors. Material and method: Periodontal 3D reconstructions were performed using a free-hand prototype based on a 2D US scanner and a spatial positioning reading sensor. For automated data processing, deep learning algorithms were implemented and trained using semi-automatically seg-mented images by highly specialized imaging professionals. Results: US probe movement analysis showed that non-parallel 2D frames were acquired during the scanning procedure. Comparing 3 different 3D periodontal reconstructions of the same porcine mandible, the accuracy ranged between 0.179 mm and 0.235 mm. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the diagnostic potential of 3D reconstruction using a free-hand 2D US scanner with spatial positioning readings. The use of auto-mated data processing with deep learning algorithms makes the process practical in the clinical environment for assessment of periodontal soft tissues.

Introduction: Sexual and reproductive health is a critical aspect of medical education, yet significant knowledge gaps persist even among future healthcare professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of Romanian medical students regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and contraceptive practices. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 510 undergraduate medical students, using a validated 30-item online questionnaire assessing socio-demographic data, sexual behaviors, STI knowledge, and attitudes towards sexual health. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Participants demonstrated a good understanding of common STI pathogens and transmission routes, with 99.02% identifying unprotected vaginal intercourse as a risk factor. However, only 58.82% correctly identified Chlamydia trachomatis, and awareness of less common pathogens remained low. Long-term complications such as infertility (85.29%) and cervical cancer (87.25%) were well recognized, although misconceptions about STI severity persisted, with over 40% believing that STIs are not dangerous because they are treatable. Male students reported earlier sexual debut and more frequent high-risk behaviors, while females were more likely to consult specialist doctors and receive HPV vaccination. The level of knowledge correlated positively with parental education and faculty program. Conclusions: Despite generally high awareness of STI-related topics, considerable gaps and misconceptions persist among Romanian medical students. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive, structured sexual health education integrated into medical curricula to ensure future healthcare providers are well-equipped to promote public health.

We report the case of a senior patient, presenting with two cutaneous tumours in which the clinical and dermoscopic examination pointed towards a basal cell carcinoma. Ultrasound revealed highly vascularised tumours and elastography showed increased rigidity. Histological examination of both lesions following complete resection was consistent with squamous cell carcinomas. The distinctive feature of this case consists of the complex non-invasive diagnostic imaging of the tumour morphology, performed in real time, revealing aspects compatible with highly proliferative malignant tumours. This case emphasises the importance of ultrasound diagnosis in a multi-disciplinary approach for better and more predictable results.

Background: Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) frequently affects the posterior pelvic compartment, where accurate non-invasive imaging is essential for diagnosis and surgical planning. Aim: This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic performance of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) in detecting posterior compartment DIE, specifically rectosigmoid lesions, uterosacral ligament involvement, and pouch of Douglas obliteration. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies assessed the accuracy of TVUS for posterior compartment DIE using laparoscopy and histology as reference standards. Data on sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy were extracted or derived. The study’s quality was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. Results: Thirty eligible studies were included. The mean sensitivities and specificities reported in the included studies reached 83.05% and 90.53% for rectosigmoid disease, 78.07% and 90.49% for uterosacral ligament involvement, and 79.58% and 89.75% for pouch of Douglas obliteration, respectively. Adjunctive techniques such as gel sonovaginography, rectal water contrast, or saline instillation into the pouch of Douglas were described, but their use was inconsistent. Marked heterogeneity in patient preparation, scanning protocols, and reporting limited comparability across studies. Despite this, TVUS demonstrated diagnostic performance within a similar range to that reported for MRI in prior systematic reviews, with the advantages of lower cost, accessibility, and integration into routine gynecological practice. Conclusions: TVUS is consistently reported as a reliable and cost-effective imaging modality and, in line with international guidelines, should be considered the first-line option for posterior compartment DIE, though further standardization of scanning and reporting protocols is needed to optimize reproducibility and clinical utility.

Background and Objectives: Partial nephrectomy is the preferred intervention for many localized renal tumors; but intraoperative tumor localization, real-time perfusion evaluation, and vascular control optimization can be technically demanding, especially in endophytic or complex lesions. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) has been adopted as an intraoperative adjunct to improve visualization, support selective or super-selective clamping strategies and assist tumor to parenchyma contrast and selective vascular control. However, current evidence regarding the benefit of ICG-NIRF is often inconsistent, and a significant gap exists due to the lack of standardized intraoperative protocols, which limits the reproducibility of clinical results. This review aims to synthesize existing comparative evidence, identify the sources of methodological heterogeneity, and propose minimum criteria for the standardization of ICG use in renal surgery. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed with the terms near-infrared fluorescence, indocyanine green, and partial nephrectomy, focusing on comparative clinical studies published since 2012. Key endpoints included warm ischemia time (WIT), positive surgical margins (PSMs), perioperative outcomes, short-term renal functional measures (eGFR and or split renal function), and available oncologic follow-up. Results: ICG-NIRF enables real-time visualization of renal perfusion and vascular anatomy and may improve tumor parenchyma contrast in superficial or partially exophytic tumors, facilitating selective clamping in selected cases. Comparative cohorts and meta-analyses report small reductions in WIT (approximately 1 to 3 min) in some series, modest short-term superiority in eGFR (e.g., 4.62 mL/min at discharge or 9.26 mL/min at 1 to 3 months), no consistent differences in PSM rates (reported ranges of 0 to 11 percent across studies), major complications, or recurrence outcomes. Durable improvements in long-term renal function and consistent benefits in split renal function have not been demonstrated. Interpretation is limited by heterogeneity in ICG dosing, timing, imaging platforms, and acquisition. Conclusions: ICG-NIRF is a useful adjunct for intraoperative perfusion assessment and selective vascular control during partial nephrectomy, but current evidence does not demonstrate long-term functional or oncologic benefit over standard approaches. Further progress requires protocol standardization, quantitative fluorescence metrics, and adequately powered trials with long-term functional and oncologic endpoints, together with the development of deeper-penetrating and more tumor-specific fluorophores.

This study presents the Navigation Interlocking Magnetic System (NIMS), an innovative method for guiding distal locking screws in intramedullary osteosynthesis. Using a 3D digital magnetometer and a cylindrical NdFeB magnet, NIMS ensures precise alignment, significantly reducing operative time and eliminating radiation exposure. The system was rigorously tested, achieving an average procedural time of 21.24 seconds, with an average deviation of 1.541 mm and an angular error of 4.39 degrees. Although the results are promising, further improvements and additional clinical studies are needed to validate its efficiency in various orthopaedic applications. Due to these characteristics, NIMS represents a promising solution for optimising orthopaedic surgical interventions.Beyond its technical implementation, this work demonstrates an interdisciplinary strategy that connects clinical orthopaedics, computer science, and biomedical engineering. NIMS fits into the larger trend of intelligent surgical systems due to its combination of hardware components, real-time data processing, and procedural precision. Systems like NIMS may evolve into adaptive, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven platforms as artificial intelligence continues to influence intraoperative decision-making and surgical navigation, creating new opportunities for individualized and effective orthopedic care.