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Dr. Renjie Dong
Bioenergy and Environment Science and Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghuadonglu 17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China

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0 digestates
0 protected horticulture
0 Agroecosystems and environment
0 Sustainable development of horticulture

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Review article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Biogas is mainly produced from the anaerobic fermentation of biomass, containing methane with an extensive range between about 50% and 70%. Higher methane content biogas has higher energy and heat value, which needs biogas upgrading. There are mainly two types of biogas upgrading technologies (ex-situ and in-situ). This manuscript presents a review of technologies on in-situ biogas upgrading. These technologies comprise H2 addition technology (e.g., continuous stirring tank reactor (CSTR), hollow fiber membrane (HFM), nano-bubble (NB) technology, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)), high-pressure anaerobic digestion (HPAD), bioelectrochemical system (BES), and additives (e.g., ash, biochar, and iron powder). The results confirm the excellence of H2-addition technology, with the highest average CH4 content obtained (HFM: 92.5%) and one of the few full-scale cases reported (Danish GasMix ejector system: 1110 m3). Meanwhile, newly pop-up technology such as HPAD delivers appropriate CH4 content (an average of 87%) and is close to the full-scale application (https://bareau.nl/en/for-professionals/). More importantly, the combo between HPAD and H2-addition technology is prominent as the former improves the low gas-to-liquid obstacle confronted by the latter. Additionally, recently emerging BES can't stand out yet because of limited efficiency on CH4 content or constraint full-scale application behaviors (disability to operate at high current density). However, its combination with H2-addition technology to form the Power to Gas (PtG) concept is promising, and its commercial application is available (http://www.electrochaea.com/). Hydrogenotrophic methanogens are imperative players in all reviewed technologies for the generation of upgraded CH4.

ACS Style

Jing Zhao; Yu Li; Renjie Dong. Recent progress towards in-situ biogas upgrading technologies. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 800, 149667 .

AMA Style

Jing Zhao, Yu Li, Renjie Dong. Recent progress towards in-situ biogas upgrading technologies. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 800 ():149667.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Zhao; Yu Li; Renjie Dong. 2021. "Recent progress towards in-situ biogas upgrading technologies." Science of The Total Environment 800, no. : 149667.

Review
Published: 28 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Pakistan faces challenges in both food and energy security. Indeed, extensive literature suggests that food and energy security are interdependent. While acknowledging that food security is still a primary concern for Pakistan, energy security is also a major issue. It is crucial to develop sustainable energy sources for energy production. Among sustainable sources, biomass is a promising source that can be effectively used for environmentally friendly energy production. This article addresses the energy issues and potential solutions using crop residues, non-edible energy crops, and animal and municipal solid wastes in Pakistan. The current research challenges, relevant industries, opportunities, and the future share of energy production derived from renewable and sustainable sources are emphasized with a focus on the potential of biomass energy. This article shows that Pakistan has considerable potential to develop bioenergy crops on marginal lands without compromising food security, with considerable greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits. Pakistan has vast biomass resources, including crop residues, animal waste, municipal solid waste, and forest residues, which collectively produce 230 billion tons of biomass annually. There are about 72 million bovines (cows and buffaloes), 81 million tons per year of crop biomass, and about 785 million birds in poultry farms across the country. Land that is currently non-productive could be used for energy crops, and this has the potential to produce 2500–3000 MW of energy. The utilization of waste cooking oil and fats is the most economically feasible option for obtaining biodiesel due to its easy and almost free availability in Pakistan. Systematic management is needed to collect this huge quantity of waste cooking oil and efficiently convert it to biodiesel. Similarly, molasses may be a promising source for bioethanol production. Furthermore, this study suggests that Pakistan’s energy policies need to be amended to ensure that the energy supply meets the demand. In the future, massive energy projects on biomass-based bioenergy need to be implemented in Pakistan. To achieve its bioenergy potential, Pakistan needs to develop incentive-based bioenergy technologies. Moreover, this objective can only be achieved in the country by initiating R&D projects to promote advanced biomass conversion technologies, such as biogas plants and combustion systems.

ACS Style

Athar Mahmood; Xiukang Wang; Ahmad Shahzad; Sajid Fiaz; Habib Ali; Maria Naqve; Muhammad Javaid; Sahar Mumtaz; Mehwish Naseer; Renji Dong. Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8438 .

AMA Style

Athar Mahmood, Xiukang Wang, Ahmad Shahzad, Sajid Fiaz, Habib Ali, Maria Naqve, Muhammad Javaid, Sahar Mumtaz, Mehwish Naseer, Renji Dong. Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8438.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athar Mahmood; Xiukang Wang; Ahmad Shahzad; Sajid Fiaz; Habib Ali; Maria Naqve; Muhammad Javaid; Sahar Mumtaz; Mehwish Naseer; Renji Dong. 2021. "Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8438.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Maize straw is a valuable renewable energy source. The rapid and accurate determination of its yield and spatial distribution can promote improved utilization. At present, traditional straw estimation methods primarily rely on statistical analysis that may be inaccurate. In this study, the Gaofen 6 (GF-6) satellite, which combines high resolution and wide field of view (WFV) imaging characteristics, was used as the information source, and the quantity of maize straw resources and spatial distribution characteristics in Qihe County were analyzed. According to the phenological characteristics of the study area, seven classification classes were determined, including maize, buildings, woodlands, wastelands, water, roads, and other crops, to explore the influence of sample separation and test the responsiveness to different land cover types with different waveband combinations. Two supervised classification methods, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), were used to classify the study area, and the influence of the newly added band of GF-6 WFV on the classification accuracy of the study area was analyzed. Furthermore, combined with field surveys and agricultural census data, a method for estimating the quantity of maize straw and analyzing the spatial distribution based on a single-temporal remote sensing image and random forests was proposed. Finally, the accuracy of the measurement results is evaluated at the county level. The results showed that the RF model made better use of the newly added bands of GF-6 WFV and improved the accuracy of classification, compared with the SVM model; the two red-edge bands improved the accuracy of crop classification and recognition; the purple and yellow bands identified non-vegetation more effectively than vegetation, thus minimizing the “salt-and-pepper noise” of classification results. However, the changes to total classification accuracy were not obvious; the theoretical quantity of maize straw in Qihe County in 2018 was 586.08 kt, which reflects an error of only 2.42% compared to the statistical result. Hence, the RF model based on single-temporal GF-6 WFV can effectively estimate regional maize straw yield and spatial distribution, which lays a theoretical foundation for straw recycling.

ACS Style

Huawei Mou; Huan Li; Yuguang Zhou; Renjie Dong. Response of Different Band Combinations in Gaofen-6 WFV for Estimating of Regional Maize Straw Resources Based on Random Forest Classification. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4603 .

AMA Style

Huawei Mou, Huan Li, Yuguang Zhou, Renjie Dong. Response of Different Band Combinations in Gaofen-6 WFV for Estimating of Regional Maize Straw Resources Based on Random Forest Classification. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huawei Mou; Huan Li; Yuguang Zhou; Renjie Dong. 2021. "Response of Different Band Combinations in Gaofen-6 WFV for Estimating of Regional Maize Straw Resources Based on Random Forest Classification." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4603.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Solid biofuel is considered as a possible substitute for coal in household heat production because of the available and sustainable raw materials, while NOx emissions from its combustion have become a serious problem. Nitrogen-containing compounds in pyrolysis products have important effects on the conversion of fuel-N into NOx-N. Understanding these converting pathways is important for the environmentally friendly use of biomass fuels. The nitrogen migration during pyrolysis of raw and acid leached maize straw at various temperatures was investigated in this study. Thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the performances of thermal decomposition and pyrolysis products from samples. The main nitrogen functional groups in biomass and biochar products were N-A (amine-N/amide-N/protein-N), pyridine-N, and pyrrole-N, according to the findings. The most common gaseous NOx precursor was NH3, which was produced primarily during the conversion of N-A to pyridine-N and pyrrole-N. The formation of HCN mainly came from the secondary decomposition of heterocyclic-N at high temperatures. Before the pyrolysis temperature increased to 650 °C, more than half of the fuel-N was stored in the biochar. At the same pyrolysis temperature, acid-leached maize straw yielded more gas-N and char-N than the raw biomass. The highest char-N yield of 76.39 wt% was obtained from acid-leached maize straw (AMS) pyrolysis at 350 °C. Low pyrolysis temperature and acid-leaching treatment can help to decrease nitrogen release from stable char structure, providing support for reducing nitrogenous pollutant emissions from straw fuel.

ACS Style

Huan Li; Huawei Mou; Nan Zhao; Yaohong Yu; Quan Hong; Mperejekumana Philbert; Yuguang Zhou; Hossein Dizaji; Renjie Dong. Nitrogen Migration during Pyrolysis of Raw and Acid Leached Maize Straw. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3786 .

AMA Style

Huan Li, Huawei Mou, Nan Zhao, Yaohong Yu, Quan Hong, Mperejekumana Philbert, Yuguang Zhou, Hossein Dizaji, Renjie Dong. Nitrogen Migration during Pyrolysis of Raw and Acid Leached Maize Straw. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3786.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huan Li; Huawei Mou; Nan Zhao; Yaohong Yu; Quan Hong; Mperejekumana Philbert; Yuguang Zhou; Hossein Dizaji; Renjie Dong. 2021. "Nitrogen Migration during Pyrolysis of Raw and Acid Leached Maize Straw." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3786.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2021 in Animals
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Livestock manure is one of the main sources of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and poses a great threat to the environment and human health. Sustainable management of manure via recycling is an effective means to tackle the problem. Based on field interviews in China, multiple case studies were employed to investigate alternative manure management systems. Four conclusions arose. First, compost-based systems, product-based systems, substrate-based systems, and biogas-based systems were identified as four main types of manure management systems, with each possessing its success factors and risk factors. The adoption of a system was driven by various factors. Second, market-oriented operation was the dominant operation mechanism of all the manure management systems. Third, compared to direct application of manure to croplands, all the four manure management systems could reduce nitrogen loadings from livestock farms and lower their environmental effects. Among the systems, biogas-based systems could reduce nitrogen loadings to the greatest extent, followed by product-based systems and substrate-based systems, and then by compost-based systems. Lastly, integrated management of manure with mixed recycling systems is imperative for reducing its environmental effects, which can benefit from the increasing role of third-party entities in manure recycling. Policy implications were also discussed.

ACS Style

Yubin Wang; Suraj Ghimire; Jingjing Wang; Renjie Dong; Qian Li. Alternative Management Systems of Beef Cattle Manure for Reducing Nitrogen Loadings: A Case-Study Approach. Animals 2021, 11, 574 .

AMA Style

Yubin Wang, Suraj Ghimire, Jingjing Wang, Renjie Dong, Qian Li. Alternative Management Systems of Beef Cattle Manure for Reducing Nitrogen Loadings: A Case-Study Approach. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):574.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yubin Wang; Suraj Ghimire; Jingjing Wang; Renjie Dong; Qian Li. 2021. "Alternative Management Systems of Beef Cattle Manure for Reducing Nitrogen Loadings: A Case-Study Approach." Animals 11, no. 2: 574.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in Molecules
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Developing a green and sustainable method to upgrade biogas wastes into high value-added products is attracting more and more public attention. The application of solid residues as a performance enhancer in the manufacture of biofilms is a prospective way to replace conventional plastic based on fossil fuel. In this work, solid digestates from the anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes, such as straw, cattle and chicken manures, were pretreated by an ultrasonic thermo-alkaline treatment to remove the nonfunctional compositions and then incorporated in plasticized starch paste to prepare mulching biofilms by the solution casting method. The results indicated that solid digestate particles dispersed homogenously in the starch matrix and gradually aggregated under the action of a hydrogen bond, leading to a transformation of the composites to a high crystalline structure. Consequently, the composite biofilm showed a higher tensile strength, elastic modulus, glass transition temperature and degradation temperature compared to the pure starch-based film. The light, water and GHG (greenhouse gas) barrier properties of the biofilm were also reinforced by the addition of solid digestates, performing well in sustaining the soil quality and minimizing N2O or CH4 emissions. As such, recycling solid digestates into a biodegradable plastic substitute not only creates a new business opportunity by producing high-performance biofilms but also reduces the environmental risk caused by biogas waste and plastics pollution.

ACS Style

Nan Zhao; Huawei Mou; Yuguang Zhou; Xinxin Ju; Shoujun Yang; Shan Liu; Renjie Dong. Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm. Molecules 2021, 26, 832 .

AMA Style

Nan Zhao, Huawei Mou, Yuguang Zhou, Xinxin Ju, Shoujun Yang, Shan Liu, Renjie Dong. Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):832.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nan Zhao; Huawei Mou; Yuguang Zhou; Xinxin Ju; Shoujun Yang; Shan Liu; Renjie Dong. 2021. "Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm." Molecules 26, no. 4: 832.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Germany (DE) and China (CN) have different political approaches in supporting the biogas sector. Three German and three Chinese large-scale biogas plants (BGPs) were evaluated as part of a year-round monitoring program. Laboratory methods were utilized to analyze the chemical indicators. Results showed a stable anaerobic digestion process without system failures in all BGPs. The methane yield had a range of 0.23–0.35 m3 CH4/kgODM for DE BGPs and 0.11–0.22 m3 CH4/kgODM for CN BGPs, due to different substrates and working temperatures. Financial analyses indicated that DE BGPs are viable under their current feed-in tariffs contracts. Their financial internal rate of return (IRR) ranged between 8 and 22%. However, all CN BGPs had negative IRRs, indicating that they are financially unfeasible. Risk analyses illustrated that DE BGPs will face financial nonviability if benefits decrease by 9–33% or costs increase by 10–49%, or if a combined worse case (benefit decrease and cost increase) of 5–20% occurs. Incentives to BGP operations are particularly important in China, where the government should consider switching the construction-based subsidy to a performance-based subsidy system to motivate the operators. BGP monitoring is necessary to understand the performance, in addition to briefing policymakers in case a policy reform is needed.

ACS Style

Lijun Zhou; Benedikt Hülsemann; Zhiyang Cui; Wolfgang Merkle; Christian Sponagel; Yuguang Zhou; Jianbin Guo; Renjie Dong; Joachim Müller; Hans Oechsner. Operating Performance of Full-Scale Agricultural Biogas Plants in Germany and China: Results of a Year-Round Monitoring Program. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1271 .

AMA Style

Lijun Zhou, Benedikt Hülsemann, Zhiyang Cui, Wolfgang Merkle, Christian Sponagel, Yuguang Zhou, Jianbin Guo, Renjie Dong, Joachim Müller, Hans Oechsner. Operating Performance of Full-Scale Agricultural Biogas Plants in Germany and China: Results of a Year-Round Monitoring Program. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):1271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lijun Zhou; Benedikt Hülsemann; Zhiyang Cui; Wolfgang Merkle; Christian Sponagel; Yuguang Zhou; Jianbin Guo; Renjie Dong; Joachim Müller; Hans Oechsner. 2021. "Operating Performance of Full-Scale Agricultural Biogas Plants in Germany and China: Results of a Year-Round Monitoring Program." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1271.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2019 in Water
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Untargeted metabolite profiling was performed on chicken manure (CHM), swine manure (SM), cattle manure (CM), and their respective digestate by XCMS coupled with MetaboAnalyst programs. Through global chemical profiling, the chemical characteristics of different digestates and types of manure were displayed during the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. As the feed for AD, CM had less easily-degradable organics, SM contained the least O-alkyls and anomerics of carbohydrates, and CHM exhibited relatively lower bio-stability. The derived metabolite pathways of different manure during the AD process were identified by MetaboAnalyst. Twelve, 8, and 5 metabolic pathways were affected by the AD process in CHM, SM, and CM, respectively. Furthermore, bioactive compounds of digestate were detected, such as amino acids (L-arginine, L-ornithine, L-cysteine, and L-aspartate), hormones (L-adrenaline, 19-hydroxy androstenedione, and estrone), alkaloids (tryptamine and N-methyltyramine), and vitamin B5, in different types of manure and their digestates. The combination of XCMS and MetaboAnalyst programs can be an effective strategy for metabolite profiling of manure and its anaerobic digestate under different situations.

ACS Style

Jiaxin Lu; Atif Muhmood; Wojciech Czekała; Jakub Mazurkiewicz; Jacek Dach; Renjie Dong. Untargeted Metabolite Profiling for Screening Bioactive Compounds in Digestate of Manure under Anaerobic Digestion. Water 2019, 11, 2420 .

AMA Style

Jiaxin Lu, Atif Muhmood, Wojciech Czekała, Jakub Mazurkiewicz, Jacek Dach, Renjie Dong. Untargeted Metabolite Profiling for Screening Bioactive Compounds in Digestate of Manure under Anaerobic Digestion. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2420.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiaxin Lu; Atif Muhmood; Wojciech Czekała; Jakub Mazurkiewicz; Jacek Dach; Renjie Dong. 2019. "Untargeted Metabolite Profiling for Screening Bioactive Compounds in Digestate of Manure under Anaerobic Digestion." Water 11, no. 11: 2420.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2019 in Sustainability
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Recycling and value-added utilization of agricultural residues through combining technologies such as anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis could double the recoverable energy, close the nutrient recycle loop, and ensure cleaner agricultural production. This study assessed the beneficial application of biochar to soil to recycle digestate nutrients, improve soil quality, and reduce conventional chemical fertilizer. The addition of digestate-enriched biochar improved soil quality as it provided higher soil organic matter (232%–514%) and macronutrients (110%–230%) as opposed to the unenriched biochar and control treatments. Maize grown in soil amended with digestate-enriched biochar showed a significantly higher biomass yield compared to the control and non-enriched biochar treatments but was slightly lower than yields from chemical fertilizer treatments. The slightly lower yield (20%–25%) achieved from digestate-enriched biochar was attributed to slower mineralization and release of the adsorbed nutrients in the short term. However, digestate-enriched biochar could in the long term become more beneficial in sustaining soil fertility through maintaining high soil organic matter and the gradual release of micronutrients compared to conventional chemical fertilizer. Positive effects on soil micronutrients, macronutrients, organic matter, and biomass yield indicates that enriched biochar could partly replace chemical fertilizers and promote organic farming in a circular economy concept.

ACS Style

Simon Kizito; Hongzhen Luo; Jiaxin Lu; Hamidou Bah; Renjie Dong; Shubiao Wu. Role of Nutrient-Enriched Biochar as a Soil Amendment during Maize Growth: Exploring Practical Alternatives to Recycle Agricultural Residuals and to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer Demand. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3211 .

AMA Style

Simon Kizito, Hongzhen Luo, Jiaxin Lu, Hamidou Bah, Renjie Dong, Shubiao Wu. Role of Nutrient-Enriched Biochar as a Soil Amendment during Maize Growth: Exploring Practical Alternatives to Recycle Agricultural Residuals and to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer Demand. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simon Kizito; Hongzhen Luo; Jiaxin Lu; Hamidou Bah; Renjie Dong; Shubiao Wu. 2019. "Role of Nutrient-Enriched Biochar as a Soil Amendment during Maize Growth: Exploring Practical Alternatives to Recycle Agricultural Residuals and to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer Demand." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3211.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2019 in Renewable Energy
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This study compared the mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under two organic loading rates (OLR) i.e. 1.6 and 2.5 kg volatile solids (VS) m-3 d-1. A 180-day continuous study was carried out to analyze the effects of OLR on biogas production, specific methanogenic activities (SMA) and process mass balances. The results demonstrated that the mesophilic reactor yield methane at 252 and 245 mL CH4 g-1 Total Solid at the two OLRs. However, in the thermophilic reactor, the methane yield was lower, i.e.220 mL CH4 g-1 TS for OLR of 1.6 kg VS m-3d-1 and 94 mL CH4 g-1 TS for OLR of 2.5 kg VS m-3d-1. High free ammonia nitrogen (FAN) concentration, particularly at a high OLR, led to a high concentration of VFAs which negatively affected SMA, while under mesophilic condition the VFAs was lower and SMA was not affected. Principal component analysis indicated that OLR, TAN, and FAN have an effect on biogas production. It was concluded that mesophilic and thermophilic reactors could work comparatively well at a low OLR, but that the thermophilic condition had significantly deleterious effects on the efficiency of anaerobic digestion above all at the higher OLR.

ACS Style

Shaojie Bi; Wei Qiao; Linpeng Xiong; Marina Ricci; Fabrizio Adani; Renjie Dong. Effects of organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Renewable Energy 2019, 139, 242 -250.

AMA Style

Shaojie Bi, Wei Qiao, Linpeng Xiong, Marina Ricci, Fabrizio Adani, Renjie Dong. Effects of organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Renewable Energy. 2019; 139 ():242-250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaojie Bi; Wei Qiao; Linpeng Xiong; Marina Ricci; Fabrizio Adani; Renjie Dong. 2019. "Effects of organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions." Renewable Energy 139, no. : 242-250.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2018 in Renewable Energy
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Bio-H2 and bio-CH4 production from food waste in a two-stage temperature phased system were investigated to determine the effects of digestate recirculation on energy efficiency and process stability. Different recirculation ratios (RR), i.e. 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0, were tested. Maximum H2 production of 3 L-H2 L−1d−1 and yield of 135 L-H2 kg−1VSin were achieved for an RR of 0.3 at HRT 5 d and OLR of 18 kg-VS m−³d−1. The RR of 0.3 was also the best for producing CH4 and gave results of 2.9 L-CH4 L−1 d−1, i.e. 510 L-CH4 kg−1VSin at HRT 9 d and OLR of 5.7 kg-VS m−³ d−1. The energy recovered from the recirculation process increased the H2 production by 8% and decreased the CH4 production by 3%; the total energy production did not change. Digestate recirculation in comparison with a no-recirculation system reduced the need for alkali addition to maintain pH in the H2-reactor by 54%.

ACS Style

Dalal E. Algapani; Wei Qiao; Marina Ricci; Davide Bianchi; Simon M. Wandera; Fabrizio Adani; Renjie Dong. Bio-hydrogen and bio-methane production from food waste in a two-stage anaerobic digestion process with digestate recirculation. Renewable Energy 2018, 130, 1108 -1115.

AMA Style

Dalal E. Algapani, Wei Qiao, Marina Ricci, Davide Bianchi, Simon M. Wandera, Fabrizio Adani, Renjie Dong. Bio-hydrogen and bio-methane production from food waste in a two-stage anaerobic digestion process with digestate recirculation. Renewable Energy. 2018; 130 ():1108-1115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dalal E. Algapani; Wei Qiao; Marina Ricci; Davide Bianchi; Simon M. Wandera; Fabrizio Adani; Renjie Dong. 2018. "Bio-hydrogen and bio-methane production from food waste in a two-stage anaerobic digestion process with digestate recirculation." Renewable Energy 130, no. : 1108-1115.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2018 in Energies
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Direct combustion of solid biomass fuel is one of the most common energy sources in developing countries. Evaluation of technology for household biomass pellet fuel combustion is critical, since promoting poorly designed devices may have risks due to exposure to high levels of emissions. This study evaluated the effects of various testing conditions on a top-lit forced-up-draft semi-gasifier cooking stove. An orthogonal test was designed with different fuel masses, chamber heights, air supply rates, and ending points. The investigation showed that using forced secondary air and more fuel tended to improve both thermal and gas emissions performance. The ending points did not have significant effects on thermal efficiency or the carbon dioxide emission factor, but did affect particulate matter emission. A relatively lower chamber height demonstrated better performance on thermal metrics. However, a taller flame had better performance on particulate matter emission factors. The results of the indicators reported by different bases, such as fuel mass-based or useful energy-based were also quite different. The study showed that different testing conditions had significant effects on combustion performances. Testing sequences and emission factors should be reviewed and defined clearly when forming testing methods and standards for biomass pellet fuel combustion.

ACS Style

Yixiang Zhang; Zongxi Zhang; Yuguang Zhou; Renjie Dong. The Influences of Various Testing Conditions on the Evaluation of Household Biomass Pellet Fuel Combustion. Energies 2018, 11, 1131 .

AMA Style

Yixiang Zhang, Zongxi Zhang, Yuguang Zhou, Renjie Dong. The Influences of Various Testing Conditions on the Evaluation of Household Biomass Pellet Fuel Combustion. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yixiang Zhang; Zongxi Zhang; Yuguang Zhou; Renjie Dong. 2018. "The Influences of Various Testing Conditions on the Evaluation of Household Biomass Pellet Fuel Combustion." Energies 11, no. 5: 1131.

Review
Published: 01 June 2017 in Catalysts
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Pyrolysis is considered the most promising way to convert biomass to fuels. Upgrading biomass pyrolysis oil is essential to produce high quality hydrocarbon fuels. Upgrading technologies have been developed for decades, and this review focuses on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). In order to declare the need for upgrading, properties of pyrolysis oil are firstly analyzed, and potential analysis methods including some novel methods are proposed. The high oxygen content of bio-oil leads to its undesirable properties, such as chemical instability and a strong tendency to re-polymerize. Acidity, low heating value, high viscosity and water content are not conductive to making bio-oils useful as fuels. Therefore, fast pyrolysis oils should be refined before producing deoxygenated products. After the analysis of pyrolysis oil, the HDO process is reviewed in detail. The HDO of model compounds including phenolics monomers, dimers, furans, carboxylic acids and carbohydrates is summarized to obtain sufficient information in understanding HDO reaction networks and mechanisms. Meanwhile, investigations of model compounds also make sense for screening and designing HDO catalysts. Then, we review the HDO of actual pyrolysis oil with different methods including two-stage treatment, co-feeding solvents and in-situ hydrogenation. The relative merits of each method are also expounded. Finally, HDO catalysts are reviewed in order of time. After the summarization of petroleum derived sulfured catalysts and noble metal catalysts, transitional metal carbide, nitride and phosphide materials are summarized as the new trend for their low cost and high stability. After major progress is reviewed, main problems are summarized and possible solutions are raised.

ACS Style

Zhan Si; Xinghua Zhang; Chenguang Wang; Longlong Ma; Renjie Dong. An Overview on Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Pyrolysis Oil and Its Model Compounds. Catalysts 2017, 7, 169 .

AMA Style

Zhan Si, Xinghua Zhang, Chenguang Wang, Longlong Ma, Renjie Dong. An Overview on Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Pyrolysis Oil and Its Model Compounds. Catalysts. 2017; 7 (6):169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhan Si; Xinghua Zhang; Chenguang Wang; Longlong Ma; Renjie Dong. 2017. "An Overview on Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Pyrolysis Oil and Its Model Compounds." Catalysts 7, no. 6: 169.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Bioresource Technology
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This study aims to investigate the effect of bioaugmentation with enriched methanogenic propionate degrading microbial consortia on propionate fermentation under ammonia stress from total ammonia nitrogen concentration (TAN) of 3.0gNL. Results demonstrated that bioaugmentation could prevent unstable digestion against further deterioration. After 45days of 1dosage (0.3g dry cell weight Ld, DCW Ld) of bioaugmentation, the average volumetric methane production (VMP), methane recovery rate and propionic acid (HPr) degradation rate was enhanced by 70mLLd, 21% and 51%, respectively. In contrast, the non-bioaugmentation reactor almost failed. Routine addition of a double dosage (0.6g DCW Ld) of bioaugmentation culture was able to effectively recover the failing digester. The results of FISH suggested that the populations of Methanosaetaceae increased significantly, which could be a main contributor for the positive effect on methane production.

ACS Style

Ying Li; Yue Zhang; Yongming Sun; Shubiao Wu; Xiaoying Kong; Zhenhong Yuan; Renjie Dong. The performance efficiency of bioaugmentation to prevent anaerobic digestion failure from ammonia and propionate inhibition. Bioresource Technology 2017, 231, 94 -100.

AMA Style

Ying Li, Yue Zhang, Yongming Sun, Shubiao Wu, Xiaoying Kong, Zhenhong Yuan, Renjie Dong. The performance efficiency of bioaugmentation to prevent anaerobic digestion failure from ammonia and propionate inhibition. Bioresource Technology. 2017; 231 ():94-100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ying Li; Yue Zhang; Yongming Sun; Shubiao Wu; Xiaoying Kong; Zhenhong Yuan; Renjie Dong. 2017. "The performance efficiency of bioaugmentation to prevent anaerobic digestion failure from ammonia and propionate inhibition." Bioresource Technology 231, no. : 94-100.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Bioresource Technology
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The mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) characteristics of food waste (FW) with different crude fat (CF) contents and four initial substrate concentrations (4, 6, 8, and 10gVS/L) were investigated. The maximum methane yields of FW with CF contents of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% were 565.0, 580.2, 606.0, 630.2 and 573.0mLCH/gVS, respectively. An acidification trend with a drop in pH (0.4) were found for CF contents of 30% (10gVS/L) and 35% (8 and 10gVS/L). A 35% CF content in FW led to decrease in the first-order degradation constant of approximately by 40%. The modified Gompertz model showed that the lag phase (λ) was prolonged from 0.4 to 7.1days when the CF content in FW and initial substrate concentration were increased to 35% and 10gVS/L.

ACS Style

Wanqin Zhang; Qianqian Lang; Ming Fang; Xin Li; Hamidou Bah; Hongmin Dong; Renjie Dong. Combined effect of crude fat content and initial substrate concentration on batch anaerobic digestion characteristics of food waste. Bioresource Technology 2017, 232, 304 -312.

AMA Style

Wanqin Zhang, Qianqian Lang, Ming Fang, Xin Li, Hamidou Bah, Hongmin Dong, Renjie Dong. Combined effect of crude fat content and initial substrate concentration on batch anaerobic digestion characteristics of food waste. Bioresource Technology. 2017; 232 ():304-312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wanqin Zhang; Qianqian Lang; Ming Fang; Xin Li; Hamidou Bah; Hongmin Dong; Renjie Dong. 2017. "Combined effect of crude fat content and initial substrate concentration on batch anaerobic digestion characteristics of food waste." Bioresource Technology 232, no. : 304-312.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2016 in Water
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Ammonium stripping has gained increasing interest for nitrogen recovery in anaerobically digested effluents. However, the stripped effluents often still do not meet discharge standards, having high pH and residual pollutants. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an easy to operate ecosystem and have a long history of application in treatment of wastewaters with extreme pH, such as acid mine drainage. However, knowledge of the mechanistic details involved in the use of CWs to treat high alkaline drainage, such as stripped effluent, is insufficient. This study explored the feasibility and effectiveness of using three sub-surface horizontal flow CWs to treat high alkaline stripped effluent (pH > 10). Two intensification strategies—intermittent aeration and effluent recirculation—were evaluated to enhance nitrogen depuration performance. The results show that the treatment of alkaline stripped effluent is feasible due to the high buffering capacity of the wetlands. Effluent recirculation combined with intermittent artificial aeration improves nitrogen removal, with 71% total nitrogen (TN) removal. Ammonia volatilization from the surface of the wetlands in high alkaline conditions only contributed to 3% of the total removed ammonium. The microbial abundance and activity had significant diversity for the various enhancement strategies used in the constructed wetland systems. Anammox is an important process for nitrogen removal in CWs treating alkaline stripped effluent, and possible enhancements of this process should be investigated further.

ACS Style

Keli He; Tao Lv; Shubiao Wu; Luchen Guo; Zeeshan Ajmal; Hongzhen Luo; Renjie Dong. Treatment of Alkaline Stripped Effluent in Aerated Constructed Wetlands: Feasibility Evaluation and Performance Enhancement. Water 2016, 8, 386 .

AMA Style

Keli He, Tao Lv, Shubiao Wu, Luchen Guo, Zeeshan Ajmal, Hongzhen Luo, Renjie Dong. Treatment of Alkaline Stripped Effluent in Aerated Constructed Wetlands: Feasibility Evaluation and Performance Enhancement. Water. 2016; 8 (9):386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keli He; Tao Lv; Shubiao Wu; Luchen Guo; Zeeshan Ajmal; Hongzhen Luo; Renjie Dong. 2016. "Treatment of Alkaline Stripped Effluent in Aerated Constructed Wetlands: Feasibility Evaluation and Performance Enhancement." Water 8, no. 9: 386.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2013 in Energies
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Pyrolysis-gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used to determine the yield and chemical composition of the pyrolysis products of Schizochytrium limacinum. The pyrolysis was carried out by varying the temperature from 300 °C to 800 °C. It was found that the main decomposition temperature of Schizochytrium limacinum was 428.16 °C, at which up to 66.5% of the mass was lost. A further 18.7% mass loss then occurred in a relatively slow pace until 760.2 °C due to complete decomposition of the ash content of Schizochytrium limacinum. The pyrolysis of Schizochytrium limacinum at 700 °C produced the maximum yield (67.7%) of pyrolysis products compared to 61.2% at 400 °C. While pollutants released at 700 °C (12.3%) was much higher than that of 400 °C (2.1%). Higher temperature will lead to more pollutant (nitrogen compounds and PAHs) release, which is harmful to the environment. Considering the reasonably high yield and minimum release of pollutants, a lower pyrolysis temperature (400 °C) was found to be optimum for producing biofuel from Schizochytrium limacinum.

ACS Style

Gang Li; Yuguang Zhou; Fang Ji; Ying Liu; Benu Adhikari; Li Tian; Zonghu Ma; Renjie Dong. Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes. Energies 2013, 6, 3339 -3352.

AMA Style

Gang Li, Yuguang Zhou, Fang Ji, Ying Liu, Benu Adhikari, Li Tian, Zonghu Ma, Renjie Dong. Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes. Energies. 2013; 6 (7):3339-3352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gang Li; Yuguang Zhou; Fang Ji; Ying Liu; Benu Adhikari; Li Tian; Zonghu Ma; Renjie Dong. 2013. "Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes." Energies 6, no. 7: 3339-3352.

Review
Published: 31 August 2011 in Energies
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Microalgal biofuel research in China has made noticeable progress, and algae cultivation for biofuel production is considered to be an important contribution to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) mitigation and energy security. In this paper, the algal biofuel potentiality in China was reviewed from the points of view of algal biodiversity, algal culture collection, GHGs (especially CO2) mitigation, and the availability of the required sunlight, wastewater and land resources. The cultivation of microalgae utilizing power plants gas with large amounts of CO2 and wastewaters from urban households, industry and animal husbandry are suitable for large scale production in China. Land is hardly a limitation for algae cultivation.

ACS Style

Shuhao Huo; Renjie Dong; Zhongming Wang; Changle Pang; Zhenhong Yuan; Shunni Zhu; Li Chen. Available Resources for Algal Biofuel Development in China. Energies 2011, 4, 1321 -1335.

AMA Style

Shuhao Huo, Renjie Dong, Zhongming Wang, Changle Pang, Zhenhong Yuan, Shunni Zhu, Li Chen. Available Resources for Algal Biofuel Development in China. Energies. 2011; 4 (9):1321-1335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuhao Huo; Renjie Dong; Zhongming Wang; Changle Pang; Zhenhong Yuan; Shunni Zhu; Li Chen. 2011. "Available Resources for Algal Biofuel Development in China." Energies 4, no. 9: 1321-1335.