This paper presents a reliable technology for GPS/Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) surveying under difficult observational conditions, i.e., in forest environments. The technology is based on the rapid static and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) methods. Test surveys for the developed technology were carried out on a point in a dense forest, with a high degree of difficulty for satellite access. The coordinates of the point were determined by three GPS/GLONASS receivers positioned in a line on a special base, which were separated by a fixed distance of 0.5 m. The test surveys were conducted using Topcon HiPer Pro receivers with 10-Hz RTK positioning and gathering data at a sampling rate of 10 Hz. Practical tests for the presented technology showed that rapid static surveys based on three rover GPS/GLONASS receivers were a quite efficient technology in forest environments (unlike the RTK) and allowed for reliable centimeter accuracy of the determined positions to be obtained in 5-min observational sessions.

Planning and management of urban space that involves the local community the process is key to optimal management of the surroundings, in line with social needs. Social isolation imposed because of the COVID-19 pandemic considerably reduces the possibility of conducting public consultations. This study hypothesized that such consultations can be carried out using new visualisation technologies in the virtual reality (VR) area. Owing to the development of new technologies, innovative services can be created which make it easier for recipients to absorb new content. To this end, the ArchitektVR application was developed, which uses enhanced reality for public consultations concerning planned land development. 3D visualisation with VR enables the presentation of various aspects of area development in a clear form, understandable to an average user with no specialist qualifications. It facilitates the presentation and creation of multiple variants/scenarios for the future shape of the area. The research assumptions were tested for a disused area of a water body. According to preliminary tests, the use of virtual reality could provide a new form of communication between decision-makers and citizens. Effective and easy-to-understand visualisations might provide encouragement to participate in local matters and enable citizens to make better decisions. 3D visualisation enabled concerned individuals to assess the potential development of a selected area fragment without an in-person visit, either in the field or to an office. This is of particular importance in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and sanitary restrictions.

Integrity of positioning is one of the key aspects of satellite based augmentation systems. This paper presents a study carried out in north‐eastern Poland, a region which is considered as a border of the operation of the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) system. Detailed analyses concerning operational parameters of EGNOS were done during the 12‐hour and 24‐hour measurement sessions conducted at a fixed point. The study was focused on the role of ionospheric delays in the integrity model according to the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics guidelines. In determination of the accuracy and integrity of positioning, two variants of calculations were adopted: one based on a standard interpolation algorithm determining ionospheric delay by the EGNOS system, and the other based on the Klobuchar model. The research found that the first method is characterised by only slightly better accuracy results, while significant differences were obtained by examining the integrity of positioning. For both variants of the calculation design, the values of protection levels determined for the fixed point are much higher than the positioning accuracy, which meets the integrity requirements of the navigation system.

More and more cities are evolving towards the smart city concept, which brings about a tangible effect of raised life quality levels. This is confirmed by the satisfaction of inhabitants with the introduced smart solutions. It is their opinion on this issue that is crucial, as they are the main beneficiaries of these measures. This article presents a case study of a medium-sized city, which illustrates the smart city issue from an inhabitants’ perspective. An analysis of objective indices classifies a city as smart, and it is included in European lists of smart cities. It is interesting, however, to see how the inhabitants themselves assess the city in the context of the smart solutions in place. Are they relevant to them? Has the quality of life increased? Are they satisfied with the individual aspects of city functioning? What solutions are they awaiting? What areas require changes? The involvement of inhabitants and the public participation level were also assessed. The questionnaire survey results indicated whether the city can be classified as a smart city of the future and identified the spheres of the city’s activities that need improvement. The main conclusions are that inhabitants have a positive perception of a city’s smart services provided that their implementation results in an enhanced quality of life. At the same time, even though inhabitants are aware of the smart services introduced, they do not fully use them, which may be due to their low attractiveness, a lack of promotion on the part of the city, or a lack of equipment readiness.

Knowing the exact number of fruits and trees helps farmers to make better decisions in their orchard production management. The current practice of crop estimation practice often involves manual counting of fruits (before harvesting), which is an extremely time-consuming and costly process. Additionally, this is not practicable for large orchards. Thanks to the changes that have taken place in recent years in the field of image analysis methods and computational performance, it is possible to create solutions for automatic fruit counting based on registered digital images. The pilot study aims to confirm the state of knowledge in the use of three methods (You Only Look Once—YOLO, Viola–Jones—a method based on the synergy of morphological operations of digital imagesand Hough transformation) of image recognition for apple detecting and counting. The study compared the results of three image analysis methods that can be used for counting apple fruits. They were validated, and their results allowed the recommendation of a method based on the YOLO algorithm for the proposed solution. It was based on the use of mass accessible devices (smartphones equipped with a camera with the required accuracy of image acquisition and accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning) for orchard owners to count growing apples. In our pilot study, three methods of counting apples were tested to create an automatic system for estimating apple yields in orchards. The test orchard is located at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The tests were carried out on four trees located in different parts of the orchard. For the tests used, the dataset contained 1102 apple images and 3800 background images without fruits.

Technological progress in augmented reality (AR) creates new application opportunities for different branches of tourism. The application of modern technology is made possible by the widespread use of mobile devices and dedicated tourist applications. Preliminary market research demonstrates that there are no global solutions intended for tourists on sea voyages that make use of augmented reality. This paper analyzes the use of AR technology in water tourism. The proposed Maritime Educational Trip (MET) system makes it possible to combine geolocation information with the accumulated knowledge of a specific location and to present it with AR. An example prototypical Android application is developed, combining e-navigation with a knowledge base. The developed solutions show how a combination of the real world with a computer-generated world helps to expand the tourism space.