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Predicting the crucial effect of single metal pollutants against the aquatic ecosystem has been highly debatable for decades. However, dealing with complex metal mixtures management in toxicological studies creates a challenge, as heavy metals may evoke greater toxicity on interactions with other constituents rather than individually low acting concentrations. Moreover, the toxicity mechanisms are different between short term and long term exposure of the metal toxicant. In this study, acute and chronic toxicity based on luminescence inhibition assay using newly isolated Photobacterium sp.NAA-MIE as the indicator are presented. Photobacterium sp.NAA-MIE was exposed to the mixture at a predetermined ratio of 1:1. TU (Toxicity Unit) and MTI (Mixture Toxic Index) approach presented the mixture toxicity of Hg2+ + Ag+, Hg2+ + Cu2+, Ag+ + Cu2+, Hg2+ + Ag+ + Cu2+, and Cd2+ + Cu2+ showed antagonistic effect over acute and chronic test. Binary mixture of Cu2+ + Zn2+ was observed to show additive effect at acute test and antagonistic effect at chronic test while mixture of Ni2+ + Zn2+ showing antagonistic effect during acute test and synergistic effect during chronic test. Thus, the strain is suitable and their use as bioassay to predict the risk assessment of heavy metal under acute toxicity without abandoning the advantage of chronic toxicity extrapolation.
Nur Adnan; Mohd Halmi; Siti Abd Gani; Uswatun Zaidan; Mohd Abd Shukor. Comparison of Joint Effect of Acute and Chronic Toxicity for Combined Assessment of Heavy Metals on Photobacterium sp.NAA-MIE. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6644 .
AMA StyleNur Adnan, Mohd Halmi, Siti Abd Gani, Uswatun Zaidan, Mohd Abd Shukor. Comparison of Joint Effect of Acute and Chronic Toxicity for Combined Assessment of Heavy Metals on Photobacterium sp.NAA-MIE. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6644.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Adnan; Mohd Halmi; Siti Abd Gani; Uswatun Zaidan; Mohd Abd Shukor. 2021. "Comparison of Joint Effect of Acute and Chronic Toxicity for Combined Assessment of Heavy Metals on Photobacterium sp.NAA-MIE." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6644.
Barleria lupulina Lindl. (Acanthaceae) as an ornamental plant has been widely used in folklore medicine due to its abundancy in polyphenolic compounds. The present study examined conditions for optimal extraction of antioxidants from B. lupulina leaf extracts by using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. The effects of ethanol concentrations, microwave power, and extraction time on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were investigated by single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to observe interactions of three independent variables (ethanol concentrations, microwave power, and extraction time) on the dependent variables (TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS) to establish optimal extraction conditions. Quadratic polynomial equations in all experimental models yielded favorably with fitted models with R2 and R2 adj of more than 0.90 and a non-significant lack of fit at p > 0.05. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidant activity were established at 80% (v/v) ethanol, 400 W, and 30 s with TPC (238.71 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample), TFC (58.09 mg QE/g sample), DPPH (87.95%), and ABTS (89.56%). Analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) successfully identified four new phenylethanoid glycoside compounds in the species.
Noor Ismail-Suhaimy; Siti Gani; Uswatun Zaidan; Mohd Halmi; Paiman Bawon. Optimizing Conditions for Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Barleria lupulina Lindl. Plants 2021, 10, 682 .
AMA StyleNoor Ismail-Suhaimy, Siti Gani, Uswatun Zaidan, Mohd Halmi, Paiman Bawon. Optimizing Conditions for Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Barleria lupulina Lindl. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):682.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoor Ismail-Suhaimy; Siti Gani; Uswatun Zaidan; Mohd Halmi; Paiman Bawon. 2021. "Optimizing Conditions for Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Barleria lupulina Lindl." Plants 10, no. 4: 682.
In the present study, a mixed culture from a local agricultural soil sample was isolated for Metanil Yellow (MY) dye decolorization. The metagenomic analysis confirmed that 42.6% has been dominated by genus Bacillus, while Acinetobacter (14.0%) is present in the microbial communities of the mixed culture. For fungi diversity analysis, around 97.0% was “unclassified” fungi and 3% was Candida. The preliminary investigation in minimal salt media (MSM) showed that 100% decolorization was achieved after 24 h of incubation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to study the effect of four independent parameters—MY dye concentration, glucose concentration, ammonium sulfate concentration, and pH—on MY dye decolorization by the mixed bacterial culture. The optimal conditions predicted by the desirability function were 73 mg/L of MY, 1.934% glucose, 0.433 g/L of ammonium sulfate, and a pH of 7.097, with 97.551% decolorization The correlation coefficients (R2 and R2 adj) of 0.913 and 0.825 indicate that the established model is suitable to predict the effectiveness of dye decolorization under the investigated condition. The MY decolorization of the mixed bacterial culture was not affected by the addition of heavy metals in the growth media. Among the 10 heavy metals tested, only copper gave 56.19% MY decolorization, whereas the others gave almost 100% decolorization. The decolorization potential of the mixed bacterial culture indicates that it could be effective for future bioremediation of soil-contaminated sites and treatment solutions of water bodies polluted with the MY dye.
Fatin Muliadi; Mohd Halmi; Samsuri Wahid; Siti Gani; Uswatun Zaidan; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Abd Shukor. Biostimulation of Microbial Communities from Malaysian Agricultural Soil for Detoxification of Metanil Yellow Dye; a Response Surface Methodological Approach. Sustainability 2020, 13, 138 .
AMA StyleFatin Muliadi, Mohd Halmi, Samsuri Wahid, Siti Gani, Uswatun Zaidan, Khairil Mahmud, Mohd Abd Shukor. Biostimulation of Microbial Communities from Malaysian Agricultural Soil for Detoxification of Metanil Yellow Dye; a Response Surface Methodological Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatin Muliadi; Mohd Halmi; Samsuri Wahid; Siti Gani; Uswatun Zaidan; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Abd Shukor. 2020. "Biostimulation of Microbial Communities from Malaysian Agricultural Soil for Detoxification of Metanil Yellow Dye; a Response Surface Methodological Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 138.
In this study, the Metanil Yellow (MY) decolorizing mixed culture, namely FN3, has been isolated from agriculture soil. The mixed culture was immobilized using gellan gum. In order to optimize the immobilization process for maximal dye decolorization, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed. The optimal conditions for immobilization predicted by desirability function are 130 mg/L of MY dye concentration, 1.478% of gellan gum concentration, 50 beads and 0.6 cm of beads size with the percentage of decolorization of 90.378%. The correlation coefficients of the model (R2 and R2 adj) are 0.9767 and 0.9533, respectively. This indicates that the established model is suitable to predict the effectiveness of dye decolorization under the investigated condition. The immobilized beads of mixed culture FN3 were able to be reused up to 15 batches of decolorization. The immobilized cells also have high tolerance towards heavy metals. This was proven by higher dye decolorization rate by the immobilized cells even with the addition of heavy metals in the media. The decolorization potential of the mixed culture indicates that it could be useful for future bioremediation of soil contaminated sites and treatment solutions of water bodies polluted with MY dye.
Fatin Muliadi; Mohd Halmi; Samsuri Wahid; Siti Gani; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Shukor. Immobilization of Metanil Yellow Decolorizing Mixed Culture FN3 Using Gelling Gum as Matrix for Bioremediation Application. Sustainability 2020, 13, 36 .
AMA StyleFatin Muliadi, Mohd Halmi, Samsuri Wahid, Siti Gani, Khairil Mahmud, Mohd Shukor. Immobilization of Metanil Yellow Decolorizing Mixed Culture FN3 Using Gelling Gum as Matrix for Bioremediation Application. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatin Muliadi; Mohd Halmi; Samsuri Wahid; Siti Gani; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Shukor. 2020. "Immobilization of Metanil Yellow Decolorizing Mixed Culture FN3 Using Gelling Gum as Matrix for Bioremediation Application." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 36.
In this study, a simplex-centroid mixture design (SCMD) approach was used to select the optimal proportions of three different Melastomataceae leaves species (M. malabathricum, M. decemfidum, and M. hirta) extracts to determine the optimum antioxidant activities of total phenolic compound (TPC) and ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activities. Twelve experimental designs were set up, consisting of points that were equally weighted mixtures of 0 to 1 components, which were pure blends (1, 0, …, 0), binary blends (1/2, 1/2, 0, …, 0), tertiary blends (1/3, 1/3, 1/3, 0, …, 0), and a control point. The in vitro anti-elastase and collagenase activities were evaluated in order to determine the anti-aging efficacy of the optimized mixture extracts. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was employed to identify the flavonoid content (rutin and quercetin) present in the optimized mixture extracts. The results showed that the best proportions of the optimum phenolic compounds and ABTS activity corresponded to 30%, 40%, and 30% of M. malabathricum, M. hirta, and M. decemfidum leaf extracts, respectively. The in vitro anti-collagenase and elastase activity evaluation of the optimized mixture extracts showed 70% inhibition against both elastase and collagenase enzymes. The HPLC analysis revealed two flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) at retention time 7.770 and 8.769 min, respectively, in the mixture extracts. This study suggests the potential exploitation of mixtures of Melastomataceae leaves (M. malabathricum, M. decemfidum, and M. hirta) as cosmetic ingredients for antioxidant and anti-wrinkles applications.
Nur Fauwizah Azahar; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Paiman Bawon; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (M. malabathricum Linn Smith, M. decemfidum, and M. hirta) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7002 .
AMA StyleNur Fauwizah Azahar, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Paiman Bawon, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (M. malabathricum Linn Smith, M. decemfidum, and M. hirta) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):7002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Fauwizah Azahar; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Paiman Bawon; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. 2020. "Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (M. malabathricum Linn Smith, M. decemfidum, and M. hirta) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 7002.
Currently, consumers’ demand for sunscreens derived from natural sources that provide photoprotection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation is pushing the cosmetic industry to develop breakthrough formulations of sun protection products by incorporating plant antioxidants as their active ingredients. In this context, the present study was initiated to evaluate the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of the underutilized Hylocereus polyrhizus peel extract (HPPE) using in vitro spectrophotometric techniques. The phytochemical screenings of HPPE conducted via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids as the major secondary metabolites in HPPE. The antioxidant potentials evaluated based on 2, 2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical and total antioxidant capacity assays were in the range of 22.16 ± 0.24%–84.67 ± 0.03% with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 36.39 ± 0.04 μg/mL and 23.76 ± 0.14%–31.87 ± 0.26% (IC50 = 21.93 ± 0.07 μg/mL), respectively. For the photoprotective evaluation, the results showed that HPPE had significantly high absorbance values (3.1–3.6) at 290–320 nm with an exceptional sun protection factor (SPF) value of 35.02 ± 0.39 at 1.00 mg/mL. HPPE also possessed a broad-spectrum shielding power against both UVA and UVB radiations. Hence, in terms of practical implications, our findings would offer an exciting avenue to develop a photoprotective formulation incorporating the ethanolic extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus peels as a synergistic active ingredient for its excellent UV absorption properties and the strong antioxidant activities.
Ramya Vijayakumar; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Thiruventhan Karunakaran; Mohd Razak Hamdan. Exploring the Potential Use of Hylocereus polyrhizus Peels as a Source of Cosmeceutical Sunscreen Agent for Its Antioxidant and Photoprotective Properties. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020, 2020, 1 -12.
AMA StyleRamya Vijayakumar, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Thiruventhan Karunakaran, Mohd Razak Hamdan. Exploring the Potential Use of Hylocereus polyrhizus Peels as a Source of Cosmeceutical Sunscreen Agent for Its Antioxidant and Photoprotective Properties. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020; 2020 ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamya Vijayakumar; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Thiruventhan Karunakaran; Mohd Razak Hamdan. 2020. "Exploring the Potential Use of Hylocereus polyrhizus Peels as a Source of Cosmeceutical Sunscreen Agent for Its Antioxidant and Photoprotective Properties." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020, no. : 1-12.
Assessment of eco-toxicant using bioluminescent bacterial assay is a widely used and globally accepted method. In this work, a new luminescent bacterium was isolated from squid (Loligo duvauceli) and identified as Photobacterium leiognathi strain AK-MIE using 16S rRNA, phylogeny analysis. The predicted optimum conditions by RSM were 2.76% (w/v) NaCl, 2.28% (w/v) peptone, 0.34% (w/v) yeast extract, and pH 6.83 with 541,211.80 RLU of luminescent production whereas the predicted optimum conditions by ANN were 2.21% (w/v) NaCl, 2.27% (w/v) peptone, 0.39% (w/v) yeast extract, and pH 6.94 which produced 541,986.20 RLU. The validation analysis of both RSM and ANN show 0.60% and 0.69% deviation from the predicted results indicating that both models provided good quality predictions with ANN showing a superior data fitting capability for non-linear regression analysis. Toxicity tests show strain AK-MIE was sensitive to mercury (concentration causing 50% inhibition or IC50 of 0.00978 mgL−1), followed by cadmium (IC50 of 0.5288 mgL−1), copper IC50 of (0.8117 mgL−1), silver (IC50 of 1.109 mgL−1), and lead (IC50 of 10.71 mgL−1) which are more sensitive than previously isolated luminescent bacteria, suggesting that strain AK-MIE has the potential to be used in toxicity assessment of heavy metals in the environment. Based on the field trial results, several sediment samples from industrial areas in Bangi, Selangor managed to inhibit the bioluminescence of strain AK-MIE. Validation method carried out using ICP-MS proved the presence of several toxic heavy metal elements.
Adibah Kassim; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Radziah Othman; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. Bioluminescent method for the rapid screening of toxic heayy metals in environmental samples using Photobacterium leiognathi strain AK-MIE. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, 196, 110527 .
AMA StyleAdibah Kassim, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Radziah Othman, Khairil Mahmud, Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. Bioluminescent method for the rapid screening of toxic heayy metals in environmental samples using Photobacterium leiognathi strain AK-MIE. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 196 ():110527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdibah Kassim; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Radziah Othman; Khairil Mahmud; Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. 2020. "Bioluminescent method for the rapid screening of toxic heayy metals in environmental samples using Photobacterium leiognathi strain AK-MIE." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 196, no. : 110527.
The present study was conducted to optimize extraction process for defatted pitaya seed extract (DPSE) adopting response surface methodology (RSM). A five-level central composite design was used to optimize total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) activities. The independent variables included extraction time (30–60 min), extraction temperature (40–80 °C) and ethanol concentration (60%–80%). Results showed that the quadratic polynomial equations for all models were significant at (p < 0.05), with non-significant lack of fit at p > 0.05 and R2 of more than 0.90. The optimized extraction parameters were established as follows: extraction time of 45 min, extraction temperature of 70 °C and ethanol concentration of 80%. Under these conditions, the recovery of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity based on FRAP and ABTS were 128.58 ± 1.61 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, 9.805 ± 0.69 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample, 1.23 ± 0.03 mM Fe2+/g sample, and 91.62% ± 0.15, respectively. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) analysis identified seven chemical compounds with flavonoids constituting major composition of the DPSE.
Siti Atikah Zulkifli; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Optimization of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Defatted Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Seed Extract and Its Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2020, 25, 787 .
AMA StyleSiti Atikah Zulkifli, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Optimization of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Defatted Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Seed Extract and Its Antioxidant Properties. Molecules. 2020; 25 (4):787.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiti Atikah Zulkifli; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. 2020. "Optimization of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Defatted Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Seed Extract and Its Antioxidant Properties." Molecules 25, no. 4: 787.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main sources of carbohydrate and it is a useful plant in Malaysia. Its root is used to produce various foods such as cassava chips, while the other parts are potentially to produce feeds and other useful products. However, details observation in the proximate composition of each part of the cassava plant is important in utilizing it as an animal feed, especially for the ruminants. Hence, this research was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of each part in the cassava plant and characterized its functional groups using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the thermal properties using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results obtained showed that the portions of fresh cassava plants namely flesh, stem, peel, discarded tuber and the leaf were recorded at 50.06%, 31.01%, 10.63%, 6.92% and 1.49% (w/w), respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the leaf has potential as animal feed as it contains significant high in crude protein (28.02±0.10%), crude fat (5.63± 0.12%) and the gross energy value of 4824.3 g/cal. Even though the leaf has a higher cyanide content (0.02 mg/kg) than other parts, it is still in acceptable range as an ingredient in animal feed. For animal feed that focuses on high protein and gross energy, the leaf has potential in feed ingredients. Meanwhile, cassava flesh also has potential as an animal feed since it has low crude fiber (2.11±0.03%) but high in carbohydrate (92.66±1.88%) and gross energy content (4223.9 cal/g). FTIR spectra showed that there were different functional groups present in the samples. From the TGA data, it showed that the major components in samples were cellulose which started to decompose rapidly at maximum degradation rate temperature of 315-400°C, especially for flesh and discarded tuber. Different parts of cassava plants are expected to help the agriculture industry in producing alternative animal feed at the same time minimizing the impact of waste generated in the environment.
S. Idris; Rosnah Shamsudin; M.Z.M. Nor; M.N. Mokhtar; S.S. Abdul Gani. Physicochemical composition of different parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant. Food Research 2020, 4, 78 -84.
AMA StyleS. Idris, Rosnah Shamsudin, M.Z.M. Nor, M.N. Mokhtar, S.S. Abdul Gani. Physicochemical composition of different parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant. Food Research. 2020; 4 (S1):78-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Idris; Rosnah Shamsudin; M.Z.M. Nor; M.N. Mokhtar; S.S. Abdul Gani. 2020. "Physicochemical composition of different parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant." Food Research 4, no. S1: 78-84.
Numerous technologies and approaches have been used in the past few decades to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) in wastewater and the environment. However, these conventional technologies are not economical and efficient in removing Cr(VI) at a very low concentration (1-100 ppm). As an alternative, the utilization of bioremediation techniques which uses the potential of microorganisms could represent an effective technique for the detoxification of Cr(VI). In this study, we reported a newly isolated bacterium identified as Acinetobacter radioresistens sp. NS-MIE from Malaysian agricultural soil. The chromate reduction potential of strain NS-MIE was optimized using RSM and ANN techniques. The optimum condition predicted by RSM for the bacterium to reduce hexavalent chromium occurred at pH 6, 10 g/L ppm of nutrient broth (NB) concentration and 100 ppm of chromate concentration while the optimum condition predicted by ANN is at pH 6 and 10 g/L of NB concentration and of 60 ppm of chromate concentration with chromate reduction (%) of 75.13 % and 96.27 %, respectively. The analysis by the ANN model shows better prediction data with a higher R2 value of 0.9991 and smaller average absolute deviation (AAD) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.33 % and 0.302 %, respectively. Validation analysis showed the predicted values by RSM and ANN were close to the validation values, whereas the ANN showed the lowest deviation, 2.57%, compared to the RSM. This finding suggests that the ANN showed a better prediction and fitting ability compared to the RSM for the nonlinear regression analysis. Based on this study, A. radioresistens sp. NS-MIE exhibits strong potential characteristics as a candidate for the bioremediation of hexavalent chromium in the environment.
Nur Syuhadah Ram Talib; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach for Modelling the Optimization of Chromium (VI) Reduction by Newly Isolated Acinetobacter radioresistens Strain NS-MIE from Agricultural Soil. BioMed Research International 2019, 2019, 1 -14.
AMA StyleNur Syuhadah Ram Talib, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach for Modelling the Optimization of Chromium (VI) Reduction by Newly Isolated Acinetobacter radioresistens Strain NS-MIE from Agricultural Soil. BioMed Research International. 2019; 2019 ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Syuhadah Ram Talib; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. 2019. "Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach for Modelling the Optimization of Chromium (VI) Reduction by Newly Isolated Acinetobacter radioresistens Strain NS-MIE from Agricultural Soil." BioMed Research International 2019, no. : 1-14.
Apart from being well known to the world as herb-based sweetening additive, Stevia rebaudiana (S. rebaudiana) and its phenolic compounds are considered as a natural antidiabetic alternative to replace synthetic drugs that possess numbers of side effects. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the solvent effects on the extraction of phenolic compounds and steviol glycoside identification associated with antidiabetic potential of the extracts. Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content of the extracts were quantified, while the antidiabetic activity of the extracts was determined by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. As a matter of interest, TFC was found to be present at the highest concentration in ethanol extract (10.91 mg QE/g), while the presence of TPC showed no significant difference between water extract (6.65 mg GAE/g) and other organic solvents. HPLC analysis showed the abundant presence of steviol glycoside in the water extract, the principal compound suggested for treating diabetes. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis has shown the major compounds of 1-heptatriacotanol, duvatrienediol, dihydroxanthin, β-amyrin, lupenone, phytol, γ-sitosterol, agatholic acid and fatty acids were present. In relation to the antidiabetic potential, the effects of the extracts in inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity were investigated in vitro. Interestingly, among all S. rebaudiana extracts, water extract exhibited the most significant α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 = 8.63 μg/ml, comparable to the synthetic drug, acarbose IC50 = 13.73 μg/ml. These findings demonstrated that phenolic recovery was highly dependent on extraction solvent and the promising water extract as the best α-amylase inhibitory potential with greatest steviol glycoside recovery.
Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Nur Izzati Mohamad Zen; Nor Aida Amran; Suhaili Shamsi; Siti Salwa Abd Gani. Biochemical evaluation of phenolic compounds and steviol glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana extracts associated with in vitro antidiabetic potential. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019, 18, 101049 .
AMA StyleUswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Nur Izzati Mohamad Zen, Nor Aida Amran, Suhaili Shamsi, Siti Salwa Abd Gani. Biochemical evaluation of phenolic compounds and steviol glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana extracts associated with in vitro antidiabetic potential. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2019; 18 ():101049.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Nur Izzati Mohamad Zen; Nor Aida Amran; Suhaili Shamsi; Siti Salwa Abd Gani. 2019. "Biochemical evaluation of phenolic compounds and steviol glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana extracts associated with in vitro antidiabetic potential." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 18, no. : 101049.
This study investigates the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Malaysian cocoa shell extracts, and optimization using response surface methodology. There are three variables involved in this study, namely: ethanol concentration (70–90 v/v %), temperature (45–65 °C), and ultrasound irradiation time (30–60 min). All of the data were collected and analyzed for variance (ANOVA). The coefficient of determination (R2) and the model was significant in interaction between all variables (98% and p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the lack of fit test for the model was not of significance, with p > 0.0684. The ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time that yielded the maximum value of the total flavonoid content (TFC; 7.47 mg RE/g dried weight (DW)) was 80%, 55 °C, and 45 min, respectively. The optimum value from the validation of the experimental TFC was 7.23 ± 0.15 mg of rutin, equivalent per gram of extract with ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time values of 74.20%, 49.99 °C, and 42.82 min, respectively. While the modelled equation fits the data, the T-test is not significant, suggesting that the experimental values agree with those predicted by the response surface methodology models.
Arief Huzaimi Md Yusof; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Badrul Hisyam Zainudin. Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Condition for Flavonoid Compounds from Cocoa Shells (Theobroma cacao) Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2019, 24, 711 .
AMA StyleArief Huzaimi Md Yusof, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Badrul Hisyam Zainudin. Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Condition for Flavonoid Compounds from Cocoa Shells (Theobroma cacao) Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules. 2019; 24 (4):711.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArief Huzaimi Md Yusof; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Badrul Hisyam Zainudin. 2019. "Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Condition for Flavonoid Compounds from Cocoa Shells (Theobroma cacao) Using Response Surface Methodology." Molecules 24, no. 4: 711.
Optimization of the alcoholysis reaction between red pitaya seed oil and oleyl alcohol catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM was carried out.
Asiah Abdullah; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Taufiq Yap Yun Hin; Zaibunnisa Abdul Haiyee; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Azlan Kassim; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil esters for cosmeceutical applications: process optimization using response surface methodology. RSC Advances 2019, 9, 5599 -5609.
AMA StyleAsiah Abdullah, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Taufiq Yap Yun Hin, Zaibunnisa Abdul Haiyee, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Azlan Kassim, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil esters for cosmeceutical applications: process optimization using response surface methodology. RSC Advances. 2019; 9 (10):5599-5609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsiah Abdullah; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Taufiq Yap Yun Hin; Zaibunnisa Abdul Haiyee; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Azlan Kassim; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. 2019. "Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil esters for cosmeceutical applications: process optimization using response surface methodology." RSC Advances 9, no. 10: 5599-5609.
Nur Syuhada Mohd Ataa; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Sumaiyah Abdullah; Masriana Hassan; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Valerie Orsat. Anti-inflammatory Activities of Methanolic Extracts from Melastoma Malabathricum Linn. and Melastoma Decemfidum Roxb. Leaves on Macrophage RAW264.7 Cell Line. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 2019, 10, 2312 .
AMA StyleNur Syuhada Mohd Ataa, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Sumaiyah Abdullah, Masriana Hassan, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Valerie Orsat. Anti-inflammatory Activities of Methanolic Extracts from Melastoma Malabathricum Linn. and Melastoma Decemfidum Roxb. Leaves on Macrophage RAW264.7 Cell Line. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2019; 10 (11):2312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Syuhada Mohd Ataa; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi; Sumaiyah Abdullah; Masriana Hassan; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Valerie Orsat. 2019. "Anti-inflammatory Activities of Methanolic Extracts from Melastoma Malabathricum Linn. and Melastoma Decemfidum Roxb. Leaves on Macrophage RAW264.7 Cell Line." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 11: 2312.
In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the optimization of the antioxidant potentials of red pitaya peels using independent variables: temperature (45–65 °C), ethanol concentration (70–90%, v/v) and time (80–120 min) through its responses, which were DPPH scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and beta-carotene bleaching (BCB) inhibition, respectively. In Vitro anti-tyrosinase and vitamin C content assays were carried out spectrophotometrically to determine the skin whitening efficacy of the optimized red pitaya peel extract. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was employed to identify the chemical constituents present in the optimized extract. The optimized conditions were ethanol 82% (v/v) for 103 min at 56 °C with values of 75.98% for DPPH, 7.45 mM Fe2+/g dry weight for FRAP and 93.29% for BCB respectively. The in vitro anti-tyrosinase and vitamin C content evaluation of the optimized extract showed a good tyrosinase inhibition of 66.29% with IC50 of 24.06 µg/mL while the vitamin C content was 5.45 mg/g of the extract. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of thirty phytoconstituents with l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate being the most abundant with a peak area of 14.66%. This study evidently suggests the potential of red pitaya peels to be exploited as a natural skin whitening agent in the cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical formulations.
Ramya Vijayakumar; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Optimization of the Antioxidant Potentials of Red Pitaya Peels and Its In Vitro Skin Whitening Properties. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 1516 .
AMA StyleRamya Vijayakumar, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Optimization of the Antioxidant Potentials of Red Pitaya Peels and Its In Vitro Skin Whitening Properties. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (9):1516.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamya Vijayakumar; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. 2018. "Optimization of the Antioxidant Potentials of Red Pitaya Peels and Its In Vitro Skin Whitening Properties." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9: 1516.
The influences of internal heat source and Soret on the steady Rayleigh–Bénard convection in an infinitely horizontal nanofluid layer is studied. The lower and upper boundary conditions of the nanofluid layer are considered to be free–free, rigid–free and rigid–rigid respectively. The nanofluid model used includes both effects of Brownian motion together with thermophoresis diffusion respectively. Using linear stability theory, the eigenvalue problem is obtained through the use of Galerkin technique. It is observed that the greater the intensity of internal heat source and the greater values of Soret parameter, the more rapid the onset of thermal instability in a nanofluid layer system.
Izzati Khalidah Khalid; Nor Fadzillah Mohd Mokhtar; Zailan Siri; Zarina Bibi Ibrahim; Siti Salwa Abd Gani. Effects of internal heat source and soret on the onset of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a nanofluid layer. PROCEEDING OF THE 25TH NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (SKSM25): Mathematical Sciences as the Core of Intellectual Excellence 2018, 1974, 020015 .
AMA StyleIzzati Khalidah Khalid, Nor Fadzillah Mohd Mokhtar, Zailan Siri, Zarina Bibi Ibrahim, Siti Salwa Abd Gani. Effects of internal heat source and soret on the onset of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a nanofluid layer. PROCEEDING OF THE 25TH NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (SKSM25): Mathematical Sciences as the Core of Intellectual Excellence. 2018; 1974 (1):020015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzzati Khalidah Khalid; Nor Fadzillah Mohd Mokhtar; Zailan Siri; Zarina Bibi Ibrahim; Siti Salwa Abd Gani. 2018. "Effects of internal heat source and soret on the onset of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a nanofluid layer." PROCEEDING OF THE 25TH NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (SKSM25): Mathematical Sciences as the Core of Intellectual Excellence 1974, no. 1: 020015.
Many types of phytochemicals have been found to be present in oil palm leaf and could potentially be used as functional ingredients for skincare product. However, as of today, there is no published report on hazard identification and safety assessment of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis) leaf extract (OPLE), particularly on skin and eye irritation. In this study, potential hazard of OPLE on skin and eye irritation was evaluated as an initial step to the safety assessment of OPLE. In vitro cell viability study of OPLE on normal human dermal fibroblasts showed that OPLE was nontoxic to the cells with percentage viability more than 90% after 24 and 48 hours of incubation. Skin irritation potential of OPLE was evaluated using in vitro SkinEthic reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD] Test Guideline 439, 2015), while eye irritation potential was evaluated using in vitro SkinEthic Human corneal epithelium (HCE) model (OECD test guideline 492, 2017). Hazard identification results showed that OPLE at 1%, 5%, and 10% (wt/wt) was classified as nonirritant to the skin and eye where mean tissue viabilities of SkinEthic RHE and SkinEthic HCE were more than 50% and 60%, respectively. Therefore, we recommend a further safety assessment, such as human patch testing, to confirm the nonirritant of OPLE.
Nor Zuliana Yusof; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Zafarizal Aldrin Azizul Hasan; Zainab Idris. Skin and Eye Irritation Assessment of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Leaf Extract for Topical Application. International Journal of Toxicology 2018, 37, 335 -343.
AMA StyleNor Zuliana Yusof, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Zafarizal Aldrin Azizul Hasan, Zainab Idris. Skin and Eye Irritation Assessment of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Leaf Extract for Topical Application. International Journal of Toxicology. 2018; 37 (4):335-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNor Zuliana Yusof; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Zafarizal Aldrin Azizul Hasan; Zainab Idris. 2018. "Skin and Eye Irritation Assessment of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Leaf Extract for Topical Application." International Journal of Toxicology 37, no. 4: 335-343.
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Siti Harun; Syafinaz Amin Nordin; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin; Mahiran Basri; Hamidon Bin Basri. Development of nanoemulsion for efficient brain parenteral delivery of cefuroxime: designs, characterizations, and pharmacokinetics. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2018, ume 13, 2571 -2584.
AMA StyleSiti Harun, Syafinaz Amin Nordin, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin, Mahiran Basri, Hamidon Bin Basri. Development of nanoemulsion for efficient brain parenteral delivery of cefuroxime: designs, characterizations, and pharmacokinetics. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2018; ume 13 ():2571-2584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiti Harun; Syafinaz Amin Nordin; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin; Mahiran Basri; Hamidon Bin Basri. 2018. "Development of nanoemulsion for efficient brain parenteral delivery of cefuroxime: designs, characterizations, and pharmacokinetics." International Journal of Nanomedicine ume 13, no. : 2571-2584.
In this study, the optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from the Buah Mahkota Dewa fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) was determined by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimisation was applied using a Central Composite Design (CCD) to investigate the effect of three independent variables, namely extraction temperature (°C), extraction time (minutes) and extraction solvent to-feed ratio (% v/v) on four responses: free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric ion reducing power assay (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The optimal conditions for the antioxidants extraction were found to be 64 °C extraction temperature, 66 min extraction time and 75% v/v solvent to-feed ratio giving the highest percentage yields of DPPH, FRAP, TPC and TFC of 86.85%, 7.47%, 292.86 mg/g and 3.22 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the data were subjected to Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the results showed that the polynomial equations for all models were significant, did not show lack of fit, and presented adjusted determination coefficients (R2) above 99%, proving that the yield of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidants activities obtained experimentally were close to the predicted values and the suitability of the model employed in RSM to optimise the extraction conditions. Hence, in this study, the fruit from P. macrocarpa could be considered to have strong antioxidant ability and can be used in various cosmeceutical or medicinal applications.
Khurul Ain Mohamed Mahzir; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Development of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruits Using Response Surface Methodology Focused on Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2018, 23, 724 .
AMA StyleKhurul Ain Mohamed Mahzir, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. Development of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruits Using Response Surface Methodology Focused on Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Properties. Molecules. 2018; 23 (4):724.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhurul Ain Mohamed Mahzir; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan; Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. 2018. "Development of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruits Using Response Surface Methodology Focused on Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Properties." Molecules 23, no. 4: 724.
This study focused on maximizing the extraction yield of total phenolics and flavonoids from Curcuma Zedoaria leaves as a function of time (80-120 min), temperature (60-80 °C) and ethanol concentration (70-90 v/v%). The data were subjected to response surface methodology (RSM) and the results showed that the polynomial equations for all models were significant, did not show lack of fit, and presented adjusted determination coefficients (R2) above 99%, proving their suitability for prediction purposes. Using desirability function, the optimum operating conditions to attain a higher extraction of phenolics and flavonoids was found to be 75 °C, 92 min of extraction time and 90:10 of ethanol concentration ratios. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental values for total phenolics and flavonoids of Curcuma zedoaria leaves were 125.75 ± 0.17 mg of gallic acid equivalents and 6.12 ± 0.23 mg quercetin/g of extract, which closely agreed with the predicted values. Besides, in this study, the leaves from Curcuma zedoaria could be considered to have the strong antioxidative ability and can be used in various cosmeceuticals or medicinal applications.
Nur Fauwizah Azahar; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Nor Fadzillah Mohd Mokhtar. Optimization of phenolics and flavonoids extraction conditions of Curcuma Zedoaria leaves using response surface methodology. Chemistry Central Journal 2017, 11, 96 .
AMA StyleNur Fauwizah Azahar, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Nor Fadzillah Mohd Mokhtar. Optimization of phenolics and flavonoids extraction conditions of Curcuma Zedoaria leaves using response surface methodology. Chemistry Central Journal. 2017; 11 (1):96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Fauwizah Azahar; Siti Salwa Abd Gani; Nor Fadzillah Mohd Mokhtar. 2017. "Optimization of phenolics and flavonoids extraction conditions of Curcuma Zedoaria leaves using response surface methodology." Chemistry Central Journal 11, no. 1: 96.