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Cipriano Díaz-Gaona
Department of Animal Production, Veterinary of Faculty, Córdoba University, 14071 Córdoba, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 18 April 2021 in Animals
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In the wake of climate change and global warming, the production systems of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are receiving increasing attention in the tropics, where the silvopastoral systems can improve animal welfare and production conditions. The objective of this study was to characterize the behavior of heifer buffaloes in a silvopastoral system (SPS) with Leucaena leucocephala (600 trees/ha) and in a conventional system (CVS), under intense heat stress and moderate heat stress in Cuba. We observed nine animals, with an average weight of 167.9 kg at the beginning of the study, during the daylight period, from 6:00 to 18:00 h, at 10 min intervals, for 12 days. Activities recorded were grazing, ingestion of tree leaves, rumination, water intake, walking, lying, standing, sheltering in the shade of trees, and wallowing. Sheltering in the shade of trees and wallowing were collectively considered as thermoregulatory behavior (TB). TB was different in both systems and conditions of heat stress (p < 0.05), with 4.06 in CVS and 3.81 h in SPS in the intense heat stress period, while it was 2.91 and 1.08 h for SPS and CVS, respectively, during the moderate heat stress period. The wallowing activity showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the intense heat stress season with 1.18 and 2.35 h for SPS and CVS, respectively. Time spent on feeding behavior was highest in the SPS system (p < 0.05). Longer times of thermoregulatory and feeding behavior indicate the importance of trees in animal welfare for this species in tropical conditions, thus supporting avoided deforestation and the replanting of trees in existing production systems and landscapes.

ACS Style

Maykel Galloso-Hernández; Mildrey Soca-Pérez; Devon Dublin; Carlos Alvarez-Díaz; Jesús Iglesias-Gómez; Cipriano Díaz-Gaona; Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. Thermoregulatory and Feeding Behavior under Different Management and Heat Stress Conditions in Heifer Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Tropics. Animals 2021, 11, 1162 .

AMA Style

Maykel Galloso-Hernández, Mildrey Soca-Pérez, Devon Dublin, Carlos Alvarez-Díaz, Jesús Iglesias-Gómez, Cipriano Díaz-Gaona, Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. Thermoregulatory and Feeding Behavior under Different Management and Heat Stress Conditions in Heifer Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Tropics. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):1162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maykel Galloso-Hernández; Mildrey Soca-Pérez; Devon Dublin; Carlos Alvarez-Díaz; Jesús Iglesias-Gómez; Cipriano Díaz-Gaona; Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. 2021. "Thermoregulatory and Feeding Behavior under Different Management and Heat Stress Conditions in Heifer Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Tropics." Animals 11, no. 4: 1162.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2021 in Sustainability
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The communal pastures of the Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema are grazed by a total of 23 extensive herds, of which 75% are certified as organic, although only 39% are subsidized for being organic. In a previous research work, these farms were characterized and classified into four typologies: group 1 (farms of intermediate size and without sheep), group 2 (large and very extensive farms), group 3 (farms with sheep suitable for both meat and milk) and group 4 (farms with dairy goat milk and without cattle). In this article, the sustainability of these farms is evaluated and compared based on their organic orientation (whether they are organic or conventional) and their typology (the four typologies indicated), as a tool for decision-making in the management of this natural protected area. To do so, 49 sustainability indexes have been generated, grouped into five attributes: adaptability, self-management, equity, stability, and productivity. The results indicate that, at the global level, there are no significant differences in sustainability between the organic and conventional farms studied. In contrast, depending on the typologies, the results indicate that group 3 is the most sustainable, followed by groups 1 and 4, with group 2 being the one with the lowest level of sustainability. Taking into account that there are a reduced number of herds grazing in this natural park, it is essential to solve the weaknesses of these farms in order to guarantee that they continue to maintain environmental equilibrium in the grasslands.

ACS Style

Cipriano Díaz-Gaona; Manuel Sánchez-Rodríguez; Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. Assessment of the Sustainability of Extensive Livestock Farms on the Common Grasslands of the Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1818 .

AMA Style

Cipriano Díaz-Gaona, Manuel Sánchez-Rodríguez, Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. Assessment of the Sustainability of Extensive Livestock Farms on the Common Grasslands of the Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1818.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cipriano Díaz-Gaona; Manuel Sánchez-Rodríguez; Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. 2021. "Assessment of the Sustainability of Extensive Livestock Farms on the Common Grasslands of the Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1818.

Review
Published: 28 December 2020 in Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry
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The global emission and accumulation of gases due to livestock farming is estimated to contribute to about 14.5% of the global warming effect due to greenhouse gases (GHG). Pig farming represents 9% of global livestock GHG emissions, without considering other activities of pork production process, such as feed production. Most of information about pig farms GHG emissions is based on theoretical calculations with not too much accuracy. Hence, there is a critical need to study the best sampling and analytical techniques (portable or not) that can be used to map their contribution to GHG emissions. The selection of the best analytical detection method becomes important for public policies on climate change, and in order to evaluate animal and manure handling practices to reduce GHG and to combat global warming. In this article, different techniques, which could be used to measure the emissions of GHG from livestock, are reviewed, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, with special emphasis on those already used in studies about GHG from pig farms and those that allow the simultaneous determination of several species of gases. Open chambers equipped with photoacoustic multi-gas monitor have been the techniques most employed in intensive pig farms studies. Gas Chromatography coupled to different detectors has been only widely used in pig farms to monitor simultaneously several GHG species using previous sampling devices. However, there are no studies in the literature based on extensive pig farms. In these systems, micrometeorological techniques could be a promising strategy.

ACS Style

María José Cardador; Carolina Reyes-Palomo; Cipriano Díaz-Gaona; Lourdes Arce; Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. Review of the Methodologies for Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Farming: Pig Farms as a Case of Study. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2020, 1 -19.

AMA Style

María José Cardador, Carolina Reyes-Palomo, Cipriano Díaz-Gaona, Lourdes Arce, Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. Review of the Methodologies for Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Farming: Pig Farms as a Case of Study. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. 2020; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María José Cardador; Carolina Reyes-Palomo; Cipriano Díaz-Gaona; Lourdes Arce; Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. 2020. "Review of the Methodologies for Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Farming: Pig Farms as a Case of Study." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2019 in Sustainability
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This paper describes the typological characterization of the Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema (NPSG) livestock farms using its communal pastures (N = 23, 100% of population) in order to study their sustainability from 160 technical, economic and social variables (from direct on-farm data collection). A principal components analysis (PCA) produced four principal components related to size, livestock species, main productions and intensification level, explaining 73.6% of the variance. The subsequent cluster analysis classified the farms into four groups: C1 (medium size farms without sheep), C2 (large size and very extensive farms), C3 (farms with multipurpose sheep) and C4 (farms with dairy goat and without cattle). Forty-eight-point-seven percent of the surface was registered as organic but none of the farms’ commercialized products were organic. C2 and C3 (both having three ruminant species) are those farms that have more economic differences, the former generating the lowest profit, and the latter generating the highest; however, there is a risk to grasslands conservation from the current tendency that leads dairy farms to rapid intensification. Nevertheless, the very extensive farms are the most interesting for NPSG conservation and the administration should help to maintain the profitability of this sustainable traditional activity, which is necessary to conserve communal pastures.

ACS Style

Cipriano Díaz-Gaona; Sánchez- Rodríguez; Thais Rucabado-Palomar; Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. A Typological Characterization of Organic Livestock Farms in the Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema Based on Technical and Economic Variables. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6002 .

AMA Style

Cipriano Díaz-Gaona, Sánchez- Rodríguez, Thais Rucabado-Palomar, Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. A Typological Characterization of Organic Livestock Farms in the Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema Based on Technical and Economic Variables. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (21):6002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cipriano Díaz-Gaona; Sánchez- Rodríguez; Thais Rucabado-Palomar; Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez. 2019. "A Typological Characterization of Organic Livestock Farms in the Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema Based on Technical and Economic Variables." Sustainability 11, no. 21: 6002.