Entrepreneurial intentions determine to a large extent the entrepreneurial behavior; therefore, the study of those intentions and the factors that influence them constitute a valid research area. The purpose of this regional comparative study was to design a new causal model of the formation of the entrepreneurial intention among young adults in Spain and Poland. Using the Structural Equation Modeling (PLS) methodology, the results show that subjective variables (beliefs, social norms, values) initiate the chain of effects that influence the action variables (motivation, self-efficacy, intention). Attitude is the nexus variable between both groups of variables. It is verified that there are no significant differences in the responses to the items or in the causal relationships of the model between both countries. This confirms the relevance of a homogenizing generational approach at a global level that allows the application of policies to promote the entrepreneurial intention for the entire segment. The proposed model takes into account and complements the previous designs, and is practical because it can be used at different levels of the education sector and by institutions promoting entrepreneurship and sustainability.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to synthesize the published works about tourism in the island. Island destinations, especially smaller ones, suffer the negative effects of tourism more than other destinations. This is because of the characteristics of island destinations and the negative impacts arising from their inadequate management by different stakeholders. For these reasons, and conversely because tourism favors the social and economic development of islands, there has been a great deal of research published on insular tourism in the literature at a global level. Despite the number of studies carried out from different approaches, none have synthesized this scientific production. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is the use of a bibliometric and descriptive approach to carry out a thorough review of studies published on tourist development in island destinations.Design/methodology/approach: The authors use a bibliometric and descriptive approach to carry out a comprehensive review of the published studies on tourism development in island destinations in the past decade with special emphasis on the items analyzed, places of analysis and scientific journals that have addressed this topic.Findings: The results of the analysis of the literature show the interest of the study of tourism in island destinations. This interest is partly due to the attraction that tourists have for this type of destinations and the need to promote their sustainable management as tourism destinations (Cusick, 2009, Hall, 2011, Cave and Brown, 2012, López, Orgaz, Marmolejo and Alector, 2016). In addition, tourism in island destinations constitutes an opportunity for economic development and benefits both the local population and its visitors (Fabinyi, 2010; Porter et al., 2015).Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this paper is the great diversity of tourist destinations made up of islands, the complex nature of these destinations and tourism and the quantity and diversity of research carried out into them. This aspect has already been highlighted by other authors and makes it complex to determine which research should be included or excluded in this review.Practical implications: Importantly, the results allow researchers and decision-makers to identify the main areas of interest in the study of island tourism and the reasons for this interest. They also indicate new areas of interest and in-depth studies. Thus, professionals have a map that shows the most relevant factors in tourism development for this type of destination and the variables that, both from a positive and a negative point of view, influence its development.Social implications: This research shows that the main areas of interest is island destination are the quality of life of the local community, stakeholder collaboration, sustainability, diversification and seasonality, marketing, consumer behavior/perception and segmentation, planning of tourism activity, information and technology, competitiveness and efficiency.Originality/value: As evidenced by the amount of research carried out, there is a great deal of interest in tourism in island destinations. This interest arises from the specific characteristics and the interest of tourists themselves in this type of destination, as well as from the negative impacts and opportunities generated by island tourism. Nevertheless, the number of references obtained for tourism in island destinations (N= 949) represents only 0.2 per cent of the total number of studies referring to only “island” in the SCOPUS consultation (339,607 studies). Thus, one of the contributions of this paper has been to highlight the need to continue studying and reviewing in greater depth research on insular tourism.

This study analyzes the influence of site personalization, first impression, and design on young consumers’ loyalty to tourism websites. It is a new and necessary study, taking into account the multimedia profile and purchasing potential of the studied segment, the need for increasing online consumer loyalty, and the tourism websites’ relevance. Based on previous findings and using a sample of 609 young consumers, a causal model (PLS) is designed that is practical, novel, and significantly predicts online loyalty. The descriptive analysis results show young consumers’ positive attitudes toward e-commerce and their high online use and potential for making online purchases. The significant influence of site personalization on consumers’ first impression is also confirmed. In addition, first impression influence perceived website quality, and, in turn, this quality affects consumers’ online purchase intention and loyalty to the website. Finally, it is shown that online purchase intention has a direct and positive influence on website loyalty. Thus, this study provides tourism managers with the knowledge to encourage young consumers’ loyalty to their websites in a market orientation context. It can be achieved by acting on the site’s personalisation, the first impression, and the design of the site. The generational approach (Generation Z) also allows the conclusions and implications to be transferred to other regions and sectors.

This paper aims to analyze the external and internal drivers of young consumers’ intention to participate in the sharing economy in tourism. From previous findings, a causal model (PLS) is designed to generate an integrated, practical, and novel structural model that significantly predicts the intention to participate. The model, consisting of nine dimensions, includes consumers’ external and internal variables. Separately, these variables have all been considered relevant in the literature, though they have not been studied jointly before. The descriptive results show the excellent attitude and predisposition of young people toward the tourism sharing economy, which facilitates their participation. Through the model, the importance of all internal and external consumer variables in the formation of intention are proven; however, attitude and social norm are most notable among them. Trust is also a critical variable that serves as the link between internal and external variables. The study provides managers of sharing economy platforms with knowledge to encourage young consumers’ participation in a communication and market orientation context. The generational approach (Generation Z) used also allows the conclusions and implications to be transferred to other regions and sectors.

In this paper, the potential of the World Economic Forum (WEF) model to analyze tourism competitiveness is studied. The study aims to analyze the WEF model’s validity, reliability and dimensionality. It attempts to determine the WEF model’s potential for studying tourism destinations’ competitiveness in an integrated context. Finally, using the WEF model, Portugal’s competitiveness is analyzed in an integrated and benchmarking context. The methodology used in this study is the Rasch mathematical model, a methodology that has been effectively demonstrated in social sciences. Competitiveness data from the latest available WEF Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report (TTCR-2019) has been used. The results show that the WEF model is statistically valid and reliable for studying competitiveness in tourism. Likewise, the WEF model’s high potential for the joint study of competitiveness and individual countries in an integrated and benchmarking context is confirmed. The study facilitates the development of policies to improve tourism competitiveness.