In the quest for environmental remediation which involves eco-friendly synthetic routes, we herein report synthesis and modeling of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and silver/nickel allied bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag/Ni NPs) using plant-extract reduction method. Secondary metabolites in the leaf extract of Canna indica acted as reducing agent. Electronic transitions resulted in emergence of surface plasmon resonance in the regions of 416 nm (Ag NPs) and 421 nm (Ag/Ni NPs) during optical measurements. Further characterizations were done using TEM and EDX. Antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles against clinical isolates was highly significant as P<0.05. These findings suggest application of Ag NPs as antibacterial agent against E. coli, S. pyogenes, and antifungal agent against C. albicans. Possible antibacterial drugs against S. pyogenes and E. coli can also be designed using Ag/Ni nanohybrid based on their strong inhibition activities. Similarly, the enhanced SPR in the nanoparticles is suggested for applications in optical materials, as good absorbers and scatters of visible light. Theoretical model clarified that the experiment observation on the relationship between metallic nanoparticles penetration through peptidoglycan layers and the activeness of microbial species depends on the nature of the nanoparticles and pore size of the layer.

The advent of Construction 4.0 has played a major role in construction industry development through the improvement of quality performance. One of the parameters that have contributed immensely to the management of construction quality in the industrial revolution era is Industry 4.0, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Lean thinking concepts. Lean construction is characterized by a set of clear objectives in project delivery involving the concurrent design of products and processes. The study aims to carry out an exploratory study of the application of Construction 4.0 and Industrial 4.0 in quality management of building works and the development of Lean-based quality management models: The study engaged a survey design approach, and a random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. A structured questionnaire designed on a Likert scale 1–5 was used to collate data on the quality aspect of a construction project, and the data were used in model creation. The parameters that emerged are cast as the quality management model. The resultant factors were categorized into three (3) quality categories, which are the Zero level Defect range, Medium Quality, and High-Level Quality Range. The three (3) quality factors were recommended for adoption for quality management of residential building projects.

This paper examines a broad spectrum of challenges plaguing electric power supply in Africa. The challenges have lingered very long that policymakers, energy companies, and government agencies have shown docility in tackling the problem headlong. The increasing human population and technological innovations are evidence that the more the problem lingers, the more it becomes insurmountable. In this paper, it was proposed the lingering challenges can be solved using the standalone system of power generation. The renewable energy option and its adaptability were highlighted to guide standalone users on the way forward. The growing population in Africa can be advantageous in generating biogas from human feaces. It was discovered that renewable energy devices are quite expensive; hence, the biogas option for cooking and powering gas generators seem to be sustainable as its technology can be modified to suit the users' financial base. Therefore, it is projected that if the human excretal biogas can be adopted, Africa will soon overcome its energy crisis through the doggedness of its standalone users.

Waste paper is known to be the major component of organic solid waste. In this research, waste paper was used as a feedstock for the production of fermentable sugar with the aid of two (2) microorganisms. The waste papers used included newspaper, officpaper and foolscap paper. Enzymatic...