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Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We determined gut microbiota (gMB) composition in CKD patients with or without sarcopenia. Furthermore, we investigated whether in these patients, there was any association between gMB, uremic toxins, inflammation and oxidative stress. We analyzed gMB composition, uremic toxins (indoxyl sulphate and p-cresyl sulphate), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 17, interleukin 12 p70, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and fetuin-A) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) of 64 elderly CKD patients (10 < eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, not on dialysis) categorized as sarcopenic and not-sarcopenic. Sarcopenia was defined according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria. Sarcopenic patients had a greater abundance of the Micrococcaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae families and of Megasphaera, Rothia, Veillonella, Akkermansia and Coprobacillus genera. They had a lower abundance of the Gemellaceae and Veillonellaceae families and of Acidaminococcus and Gemella genera. GMB was associated with uremic toxins, inflammatory cytokines and MDA. However, uremic toxins, inflammatory cytokines and MDA were not different in sarcopenic compared with not-sarcopenic individuals, except for interleukin 10, which was higher in not-sarcopenic patients. In older CKD patients, gMB was different in sarcopenic than in not-sarcopenic ones. Several bacterial families and genera were associated with uremic toxins and inflammatory cytokines, although none of these latter substantially different in sarcopenic versus not-sarcopenic patients.
Elisabetta Margiotta; Lara Caldiroli; Maria Callegari; Francesco Miragoli; Francesca Zanoni; Silvia Armelloni; Vittoria Rizzo; Piergiorgio Messa; Simone Vettoretti. Association of Sarcopenia and Gut Microbiota Composition in Older Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Investigation of the Interactions with Uremic Toxins, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Toxins 2021, 13, 472 .
AMA StyleElisabetta Margiotta, Lara Caldiroli, Maria Callegari, Francesco Miragoli, Francesca Zanoni, Silvia Armelloni, Vittoria Rizzo, Piergiorgio Messa, Simone Vettoretti. Association of Sarcopenia and Gut Microbiota Composition in Older Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Investigation of the Interactions with Uremic Toxins, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Toxins. 2021; 13 (7):472.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisabetta Margiotta; Lara Caldiroli; Maria Callegari; Francesco Miragoli; Francesca Zanoni; Silvia Armelloni; Vittoria Rizzo; Piergiorgio Messa; Simone Vettoretti. 2021. "Association of Sarcopenia and Gut Microbiota Composition in Older Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Investigation of the Interactions with Uremic Toxins, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress." Toxins 13, no. 7: 472.
The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri and their combination were assessed in weaned piglets. Three hundred and fifty weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White), balanced in terms of weight and sex, were randomly allotted to four experimental groups (25 pens, 14 piglets/pen). Piglets were fed a basal control diet (CTRL, six pens) and a treatment diet supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum (PLA, 6 pens), 2 × 108 CFU/g L. reuteri (REU, six pens) and the combination of both bacterial strains (1 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum combined with 1 × 108 CFU/g of L. reuteri, P+R, 7 pens) for 28 days. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea occurrence was assessed weekly by the faecal score (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets per pen for microbiological analyses and serum samples were collected from two piglets per pen for serum metabolic profiling. Treatments significantly reduced diarrhoea occurrence and decreased the average faecal score (0.94 ± 0.08 CTRL, 0.31 ± 0.08 PLA, 0.45 ± 0.08 REU, 0.27 ± 0.08 P+R; p< 0.05). The PLA group registered the lowest number of diarrhoea cases compared to other groups (20 cases CTRL, 5 cases PLA, 8 cases REU, 10 cases P+R; p< 0.01). After 28 days, the globulin serum level increased in PLA compared to the other groups (24.91 ± 1.09 g/L CTRL, 28.89 ± 1.03 g/L PLA, 25.91 ± 1.03 g/L REU, 25.31 ± 1.03 g/L P+R; p< 0.05). L. plantarum and L. reuteri could thus be considered as interesting functional additives to prevent diarrhoea occurrence in weaned piglets.
Matteo Dell’Anno; Maria Callegari; Serena Reggi; Valentina Caprarulo; Carlotta Giromini; Ambra Spalletta; Simona Coranelli; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi; Luciana Rossi. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets. Animals 2021, 11, 1766 .
AMA StyleMatteo Dell’Anno, Maria Callegari, Serena Reggi, Valentina Caprarulo, Carlotta Giromini, Ambra Spalletta, Simona Coranelli, Carlo Sgoifo Rossi, Luciana Rossi. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1766.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Dell’Anno; Maria Callegari; Serena Reggi; Valentina Caprarulo; Carlotta Giromini; Ambra Spalletta; Simona Coranelli; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi; Luciana Rossi. 2021. "Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets." Animals 11, no. 6: 1766.
The effects of the dietary administration of a combination of Quebracho and Chestnut tannins, leonardite and tributyrin were evaluated in weaned piglets. A total of 168 weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White) were randomly allotted to two experimental groups (6 pens/group, 14 piglets/pen). Animals were fed a basal control diet (CTRL) and a treatment diet (MIX) supplemented with 0.75% tannin extracts, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin for 28 days. Individual body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea incidence was recorded by a faecal scoring scale (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets/pen for microbiological and chemical analyses of faecal microbiota, which were then assessed by V3-V4 region amplification sequencing. At 28 days, blood from two piglets/pen was sampled to evaluate the serum metabolic profile. After 28 days, a reduction in diarrhoea incidence was observed in the MIX compared to CTRL group (p< 0.05). In addition, compared to CTRL, MIX showed a higher lactobacilli:coliform ratio and increased Prevotella and Fibrobacter genera presence (p< 0.01). The serum metabolic profile showed a decreased level of low-density lipoproteins in the treated group (p< 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of tannin extract, leonardite and tributyrin could decrease diarrhoea incidence and modulate the gut microbiota.
Matteo Dell’Anno; Serena Reggi; Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi; Maria Callegari; Antonella Baldi; Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets. Animals 2021, 11, 1693 .
AMA StyleMatteo Dell’Anno, Serena Reggi, Valentina Caprarulo, Monika Hejna, Carlo Sgoifo Rossi, Maria Callegari, Antonella Baldi, Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1693.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Dell’Anno; Serena Reggi; Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi; Maria Callegari; Antonella Baldi; Luciana Rossi. 2021. "Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets." Animals 11, no. 6: 1693.
Weaning is a critical period for piglets, in which unbalanced gut microbiota and/or pathogen colonisation can contribute to diseases that interfere with animal performance. Tannins are natural compounds that could be used as functional ingredients to improve gut health in pig farming thanks to their antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiarrhoeal properties. In this study, a mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins (1.25%) was evaluated for its efficacy in reducing the negative weaning effects on piglet growth. Microbiota composition was assessed by Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from stools at the end of the trial. Sequence analysis revealed an increase in the genera Shuttleworthia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Peptococcus, Anaerostipes, and Solobacterium in the tannin-supplemented group. Conversely, this dietary intervention reduced the abundance of the genera Syntrophococcus, Atopobium, Mitsuokella, Sharpea, and Prevotella. The populations of butyrate-producing bacteria were modulated by tannin, and higher butyrate concentrations in stools were detected in the tannin-fed pigs. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the families Veillonellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae occupied the central part of the network in both the control and the tannin-fed animals. Instead, in the tannin group, the OTUs belonging to the families Acidaminococcaceae, Alcaligenaceae, and Spirochaetaceae characterised its network, whereas Family XIII Incertae Sedis occupied a more central position than in the control group. Conversely, the presence of Desulfovibrionaceae characterised the network of the control group, and this family was not present in the network of the tannin group. Moreover, the prediction of metabolic pathways revealed that the gut microbiome of the tannin group possessed an enhanced potential for carbohydrate transport and metabolism, as well as a lower abundance of pathways related to cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis and inorganic ion transport. In conclusion, the tested tannins seem to modulate the gut microbiota, favouring groups of butyrate-producing bacteria.
Francesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Mario Barbato; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Luisa Callegari. A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets. 2021, 16, e0250874 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Miragoli, Vania Patrone, Aldo Prandini, Samantha Sigolo, Matteo Dell’Anno, Luciana Rossi, Mario Barbato, Alice Senizza, Lorenzo Morelli, Maria Luisa Callegari. A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets. . 2021; 16 (4):e0250874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Mario Barbato; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Luisa Callegari. 2021. "A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets." 16, no. 4: e0250874.
Weaning is a critical period for piglets, in which unbalanced gut microbiota and/or pathogen colonisation can contribute to diseases that interfere with animal performance. Tannins are natural compounds that could be used as functional ingredients to improve gut health in pig farming thanks to their antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiarrhoeal properties. In this study, a mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins (1.25%) was evaluated for its efficacy in reducing the negative weaning effects on piglet growth. Microbiota composition was assessed by Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from stools at the end of the trial. Sequence analysis revealed an increase in the genera Shuttleworthia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Peptococcus, Anaerostipes, and Solobacterium in the tannin-supplemented group. Conversely, this dietary intervention reduced the abundance of the genera Syntrophococcus, Atopobium, Mitsuokella, Sharpea, and Prevotella. The populations of butyrate-producing bacteria were modulated by tannin, and higher butyrate concentrations in stools were detected in the tannin-fed pigs. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the families Veillonellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae occupied the central part of the network in both the control and the tannin-fed animals. Instead, in the tannin group, the OTUs belonging to the families Acidaminococcaceae, Alcaligenaceae, and Spirochaetaceae characterised its network, whereas Family XIII Incertae Sedis occupied a more central position than in the control group. Conversely, the presence of Desulfovibrionaceae characterised the network of the control group, and this family was not present in the network of the tannin group. Moreover, the prediction of metabolic pathways revealed that the gut microbiome of the tannin group possessed an enhanced potential for carbohydrate transport and metabolism, as well as a lower abundance of pathways related to cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis and inorganic ion transport. In conclusion, the tested tannins seem to modulate the gut microbiota, favouring groups of butyrate-producing bacteria.
Francesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Mario Barbato; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Luisa Callegari. A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0250874 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Miragoli, Vania Patrone, Aldo Prandini, Samantha Sigolo, Matteo Dell’Anno, Luciana Rossi, Mario Barbato, Alice Senizza, Lorenzo Morelli, Maria Luisa Callegari. A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (4):e0250874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Mario Barbato; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Luisa Callegari. 2021. "A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4: e0250874.
Alternatives to antibiotic treatments are required owing to the ban on the use of these drugs as growth promoters in food animal production. Tributyrin appears to play a role in improving growth performance in pigs, albeit with varying degrees of effectiveness. So far, very little is known about its effects on gut microbiota composition. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota changes of piglets receiving, at weaning, 0.2% tributyrin added to their basal diet. Microbiota composition was assessed through 16S-rRNA gene sequencing on stools collected from tributyrin and control groups. The functional profiles of microbial communities were predicted from amplicon abundance data. A comparison between dietary groups revealed that tributyrin strongly modulated gut microbiota composition in piglets, increasing the relative abundance of a number of bacterial genera such as Oscillospira, Oscillibacter, Mucispirillum and Butyrivibrio. These genera were positively correlated to animal average daily gain (ADG) and/or body weight (BW). Based on the function profile prediction, the gut microbiome of the tributyrin group possessed an enhanced potential for energy metabolism and a reduced potential for carbohydrate metabolism. In conclusion, our results indicated that tributyrin can promote changes to gut microbial communities, which could contribute to improving animal performance after weaning.
Francesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Callegari. Implications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 584 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Miragoli, Vania Patrone, Aldo Prandini, Samantha Sigolo, Matteo Dell’Anno, Luciana Rossi, Alice Senizza, Lorenzo Morelli, Maria Callegari. Implications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (3):584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Callegari. 2021. "Implications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets." Microorganisms 9, no. 3: 584.
Plant polyphenols are a broad group of bioactive compounds characterized by different chemical and structural properties, low bioavailability, and several in vitro biological activities. Among these compounds, lignans (a non-flavonoid polyphenolic class found in plant foods for human nutrition) have been recently studied as potential modulators of the gut–brain axis. In particular, gut bacterial metabolism is able to convert dietary lignans into therapeutically relevant polyphenols (i.e., enterolignans), such as enterolactone and enterodiol. Enterolignans are characterized by various biologic activities, including tissue-specific estrogen receptor activation, together with anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects. However, variation in enterolignans production by the gut microbiota is strictly related to both bioaccessibility and bioavailability of lignans through the entire gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the most important dietary source of lignans, exploring the interesting interplay between gut metabolites, gut microbiota, and the so-called gut–brain axis.
Alice Senizza; Gabriele Rocchetti; Juana I. Mosele; Vania Patrone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Lorenzo Morelli; Luigi Lucini. Lignans and Gut Microbiota: An Interplay Revealing Potential Health Implications. Molecules 2020, 25, 5709 .
AMA StyleAlice Senizza, Gabriele Rocchetti, Juana I. Mosele, Vania Patrone, Maria Luisa Callegari, Lorenzo Morelli, Luigi Lucini. Lignans and Gut Microbiota: An Interplay Revealing Potential Health Implications. Molecules. 2020; 25 (23):5709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Senizza; Gabriele Rocchetti; Juana I. Mosele; Vania Patrone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Lorenzo Morelli; Luigi Lucini. 2020. "Lignans and Gut Microbiota: An Interplay Revealing Potential Health Implications." Molecules 25, no. 23: 5709.
In pig livestock, alternatives to in-feed antibiotics are needed to control enteric infections. Plant extracts such as tannins can represent an alternative as a natural source of functional compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and in vivo effects of oral supplementation of combined chestnut (Ch) and quebracho (Qu) tannins in order to establish if they can induce a positive effect on weaned piglets’ performance, metabolic status and fecal parameters. In vitro digestibility (dry matter, DM) of diets was calculated using a multi-step enzymatic technique. In vitro digested diet samples were further tested on an intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2). Weaned piglets (n = 120; 28 ± 2 day old) were randomly allotted to two groups (12 pens in total with 10 pigs per pen): control (Ctrl) and treatment (Ch/Qu). After one week of adaptation (day 0), 35-day-old piglets in the Ctrl group were fed a Ctrl diet and the Ch/Qu group were fed with 1.25% Ch/Qu for 40 days. Body weight and feed intake per pen were recorded weekly. At day 40, blood and fecal samples were collected. Principal metabolic parameters were evaluated from blood samples by enzymatic colorimetric analysis. Total phenolic compounds, urea, and ammonia in feces were analyzed (Megazyme International, Bray, Ireland). In vitro digestibility and cell viability assays showed that the inclusion of 1.25% Ch/Qu slightly reduced diet digestibility compared with the Ctrl diet, while intestinal cell viability was not altered with low concentrations of Ch/Qu digesta compared with Ctrl. In vivo results did not show any adverse effects of Ch/Qu on feed intake and growth performance, confirming that dietary inclusion of Ch/Qu at a concentration of 1.25% did not impair animal performance. The decreased diet DM digestibility in the Ch/Qu diet may cause increased serum concentration of albumin (Ctrl: 19.30 ± 0.88; Ch/Qu: 23.05 ± 0.88) and albumin/globulin ratio (Ctrl: 0.58 ± 0.04; Ch/Qu: 0.82 ± 0.04), but decreased creatinine (Ctrl: 78.92 ± 4.18; Ch/Qu: 54.82 ± 4.18) and urea (Ctrl: 2.18 ± 0.19; Ch/Qu: 0.95 ± 0.19) compared with Ctrl. Pigs in the Ch/Qu group contained higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of fecal phenolic compounds and nitrogen than the Ctrl group, while fecal ammonia and urea were not affected by tannins. In conclusion, Ch/Qu tannin supplementation did not influence growth performance. Although lower digestibility was observed in the diet supplemented with Ch/Qu tannins, Ch/Qu supplementation did not show any adverse effect on intestinal epithelial cell viability.
Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Carlotta Giromini; Yanhong Liu; Matteo Dell’Anno; Stefania Sotira; Serena Reggi; Carlo Sgoifo-Rossi; Maria Callegari; Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Dietary Administration of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Growth, Serum Metabolites and Fecal Parameters of Weaned Piglets. Animals 2020, 10, 1945 .
AMA StyleValentina Caprarulo, Monika Hejna, Carlotta Giromini, Yanhong Liu, Matteo Dell’Anno, Stefania Sotira, Serena Reggi, Carlo Sgoifo-Rossi, Maria Callegari, Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Dietary Administration of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Growth, Serum Metabolites and Fecal Parameters of Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):1945.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Carlotta Giromini; Yanhong Liu; Matteo Dell’Anno; Stefania Sotira; Serena Reggi; Carlo Sgoifo-Rossi; Maria Callegari; Luciana Rossi. 2020. "Evaluation of Dietary Administration of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Growth, Serum Metabolites and Fecal Parameters of Weaned Piglets." Animals 10, no. 11: 1945.
Probiotics represent a possible strategy for controlling intestinal infections in livestock. Members of the Weissella genus are increasingly being studied for health-related applications in animals and humans. Here we investigated the functional properties of two Weissella cibaria strains isolated from cows reared in Kuwait breeding facilities by combining phenotypic with genomic analyses. W. cibaria SP7 and SP19 exhibited good growth in vitro under acidic conditions and in the presence of bile salts compared to the reference probiotic Lacticaseibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) rhamnosus GG. Both strains were able to adhere to Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines, as well as to mucin. The cell-free supernatants of the two isolates exhibited inhibitory activity towards Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922 and Salmonella enterica UC3605, which was ultimately due to the low pH of supernatants. W. cibaria SP19 showed a co-aggregation ability similar to that of L. rhamnosus GG when incubated with S. enterica. Whole genome sequencing and analysis revealed that both strains harbored several genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and general stress responses, indicating bacterial adaptation to the gastrointestinal environment. We also detected genes involved in the adhesion to host epithelial cells or extracellular matrix. No evidence of acquired antibiotic resistance or hemolytic activity was found in either strain. These findings shed light on the potential of W. cibaria for probiotic use in livestock and on the mechanisms underlying host-microbe interaction in the gut. W. cibaria` strain SP19 exhibited the best combination of in vitro probiotic properties and genetic markers, and is a promising candidate for further investigation.
Vania Patrone; Tahani Al-Surrayai; Francesco Romaniello; Alessandra Fontana; Giovanni Milani; Valeria Sagheddu; Edoardo Puglisi; Maria Luisa Callegari; Hamad Al-Mansour; Mohamed Waheed Kishk; Lorenzo Morelli. Integrated Phenotypic-Genotypic Analysis of Candidate Probiotic Weissella Cibaria Strains Isolated from Dairy Cows in Kuwait. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 2020, 13, 809 -823.
AMA StyleVania Patrone, Tahani Al-Surrayai, Francesco Romaniello, Alessandra Fontana, Giovanni Milani, Valeria Sagheddu, Edoardo Puglisi, Maria Luisa Callegari, Hamad Al-Mansour, Mohamed Waheed Kishk, Lorenzo Morelli. Integrated Phenotypic-Genotypic Analysis of Candidate Probiotic Weissella Cibaria Strains Isolated from Dairy Cows in Kuwait. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 2020; 13 (3):809-823.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVania Patrone; Tahani Al-Surrayai; Francesco Romaniello; Alessandra Fontana; Giovanni Milani; Valeria Sagheddu; Edoardo Puglisi; Maria Luisa Callegari; Hamad Al-Mansour; Mohamed Waheed Kishk; Lorenzo Morelli. 2020. "Integrated Phenotypic-Genotypic Analysis of Candidate Probiotic Weissella Cibaria Strains Isolated from Dairy Cows in Kuwait." Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 13, no. 3: 809-823.
Sourdough fermentation of bakery products is a well-established and widespread technique to confer an added value to the resulting food. In recent decades, gluten-free raw materials have gained more attention due to the diffusion of food disorders such as coeliac disease, but, at the same time, they present difficult manipulation and scarce technological properties because of the absence of gluten. For this reason, the present work was aimed at selecting starter cultures for sourdough application that are isolated from fermentation of sorghum flour. Three isolates of Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella cibaria, and Weissella confusa were selected for the following properties: exopolysaccharide synthesis, acidification, CO2 production, and amylase activity. The investigated phenotypic characteristics were confirmed by genomic analyses, which also highlighted other potentially beneficial features for use in bakery products employment. These strains, together with bakery yeast, were used for bread preparation using sorghum and wheat flour and after 24 h of fermentation the resulting dough was analyzed to assess the improvement of its characteristics. The presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) had a great impact on the final dough, and the best preparation, from a rheological point of view, resulted in one made of sorghum and wheat flour with added LAB and bakery yeast, whose resulting characteristics were similar to all wheat flour doughs. The results of this study suggest a potential application of the selected starters in sorghum composite bread and should be validated with data from large-scale pilot tests conducted in industrial bakeries.
Irene Falasconi; Alessandra Fontana; Vania Patrone; Annalisa Rebecchi; Guillermo Duserm Garrido; Laura Principato; Maria Luisa Callegari; Giorgia Spigno; Lorenzo Morelli. Genome-Assisted Characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella cibaria, and Weissella confusa Strains Isolated from Sorghum as Starters for Sourdough Fermentation. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1388 .
AMA StyleIrene Falasconi, Alessandra Fontana, Vania Patrone, Annalisa Rebecchi, Guillermo Duserm Garrido, Laura Principato, Maria Luisa Callegari, Giorgia Spigno, Lorenzo Morelli. Genome-Assisted Characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella cibaria, and Weissella confusa Strains Isolated from Sorghum as Starters for Sourdough Fermentation. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (9):1388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Falasconi; Alessandra Fontana; Vania Patrone; Annalisa Rebecchi; Guillermo Duserm Garrido; Laura Principato; Maria Luisa Callegari; Giorgia Spigno; Lorenzo Morelli. 2020. "Genome-Assisted Characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella cibaria, and Weissella confusa Strains Isolated from Sorghum as Starters for Sourdough Fermentation." Microorganisms 8, no. 9: 1388.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tributyrin supplementation on the production traits, the main metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty crossbred piglets (Large White × Landrace) were randomly divided into two experimental groups (six pens each; 10 piglets per pen): the control group (CTRL), that received a basal diet, and the tributyrin group (TRIB) that received the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% tributyrin. The experimental period lasted 40 days. Production traits were measured at days 14, 28 and 40. A subset composed of 48 animals (n = 4 for each pen; n = 24 per group) was considered for the evaluation of serum metabolic parameters and hair cortisol by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and faecal microbiota by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results showed that the treatment significantly increased body weight (BW) at day 28 and day 40 (p = 0.0279 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and average daily gain (ADG) from day 28 to day 40 (p = 0.046). Gain to feed ratio (G:F) was significantly higher throughout the experimental period (p = 0.049). Even if the serum parameters were in the physiological range, albumin, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, glucose and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) fraction were significantly higher in the TRIB group. On the contrary, tributyrin significantly decreased the urea blood concentration (p = 0.0026), which was correlated with lean gain and feed efficiency. Moreover, serum insulin concentration, which has a regulatory effect on protein and lipid metabolism, was significantly higher in the TRIB group (p = 0.0187). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that tributyrin can be considered as a valid feed additive for weaned piglets.
Stefania Sotira; Matteo Dell’Anno; Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Federica Pirrone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Telma Vieira Tucci; Luciana Rossi. Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Insulin, Blood Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Animals 2020, 10, 726 .
AMA StyleStefania Sotira, Matteo Dell’Anno, Valentina Caprarulo, Monika Hejna, Federica Pirrone, Maria Luisa Callegari, Telma Vieira Tucci, Luciana Rossi. Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Insulin, Blood Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2020; 10 (4):726.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefania Sotira; Matteo Dell’Anno; Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Federica Pirrone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Telma Vieira Tucci; Luciana Rossi. 2020. "Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Insulin, Blood Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets." Animals 10, no. 4: 726.
Monitoring L. helveticus strain dynamics in natural whey starters is of great interest at the industrial level due to the key role that this bacterial population plays in Grana Padano cheese production. In this study, we aimed to develop a PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) assay based on the slpH locus, in parallel with performing culture-dependent analysis of whey samples using optimized media to maximize the number of isolated strains. We designed new primers targeting the slpH locus to amplify a gene region that would be suitable for PCR-DGGE analysis and discriminating strains. Our results confirmed that the developed PCR-DGGE method was rapid and reliable for monitoring the L. helveticus population in whey starter cultures. All sequences of bands detected in the PCR-DGGE profiles from whey samples showed high similarity to S-layer genes of L. helveticus, and perfectly matched with the slpH locus sequences of dominant strains. Overall, our findings indicated that the target region of the slpH locus was sufficiently heterologous to discriminate L. helveticus strains, and that our PCR-DGGE analysis provided a more accurate picture of the population composition of whey starters compared to culture-dependent techniques that often fail to isolate the most abundant strains.
Francesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Francesco Romaniello; Annalisa Rebecchi; Maria Luisa Callegari. Development of an S-layer gene-based PCR-DGGE assay for monitoring dominant Lactobacillus helveticus strains in natural whey starters of Grana Padano cheese. Food Microbiology 2020, 89, 103457 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Miragoli, Vania Patrone, Francesco Romaniello, Annalisa Rebecchi, Maria Luisa Callegari. Development of an S-layer gene-based PCR-DGGE assay for monitoring dominant Lactobacillus helveticus strains in natural whey starters of Grana Padano cheese. Food Microbiology. 2020; 89 ():103457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Francesco Romaniello; Annalisa Rebecchi; Maria Luisa Callegari. 2020. "Development of an S-layer gene-based PCR-DGGE assay for monitoring dominant Lactobacillus helveticus strains in natural whey starters of Grana Padano cheese." Food Microbiology 89, no. : 103457.
Bacterial production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has recently received great attention because of the potential health benefits of this fatty acid. Linoleic acid (LA) can be converted to CLA by several microorganisms, including bifidobacteria, possibly as a detoxification mechanism to avoid the growth inhibition effect of LA. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the gene expression landscape of the intestinal strain Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213 when exposed to LA. Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq revealed that LA induced a multifactorial stress response in the test strain, including upregulation of genes involved in iron uptake and downregulation of genes involved in sugar and oligopeptide transport. We also observed reduced transcription of genes involved in membrane and pili biosynthesis. The upregulation of iron uptake was not related to any putative ability of LA to chelate Fe2+, but was somewhat linked to stress response. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LA increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in bacterial cells, activating an oxidative stress response. This response was proved by thioredoxin reductase transcription, and was primarily evident among bacteria cultured in the absence of cysteine. This is the first report of the potential mechanisms involved in bacterial LA transport and stress response in B. breve.
Alice Senizza; Maria Luisa Callegari; Biancamaria Senizza; Andrea Minuti; Gabriele Rocchetti; Lorenzo Morelli; Vania Patrone. Effects of Linoleic Acid on Gut-Derived Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213: A Transcriptomic Approach. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 710 .
AMA StyleAlice Senizza, Maria Luisa Callegari, Biancamaria Senizza, Andrea Minuti, Gabriele Rocchetti, Lorenzo Morelli, Vania Patrone. Effects of Linoleic Acid on Gut-Derived Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213: A Transcriptomic Approach. Microorganisms. 2019; 7 (12):710.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Senizza; Maria Luisa Callegari; Biancamaria Senizza; Andrea Minuti; Gabriele Rocchetti; Lorenzo Morelli; Vania Patrone. 2019. "Effects of Linoleic Acid on Gut-Derived Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213: A Transcriptomic Approach." Microorganisms 7, no. 12: 710.
A 1000-cow study across four European countries was undertaken to understand to what extent ruminant microbiomes can be controlled by the host animal and to identify characteristics of the host rumen microbiome axis that determine productivity and methane emissions. A core rumen microbiome, phylogenetically linked and with a preserved hierarchical structure, was identified. A 39-member subset of the core formed hubs in co-occurrence networks linking microbiome structure to host genetics and phenotype (methane emissions, rumen and blood metabolites, and milk production efficiency). These phenotypes can be predicted from the core microbiome using machine learning algorithms. The heritable core microbes, therefore, present primary targets for rumen manipulation toward sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.
R. John Wallace; Goor Sasson; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Ilma Tapio; Emma Gregson; Paolo Bani; Pekka Huhtanen; Ali R. Bayat; Francesco Strozzi; Filippo Biscarini; Timothy J. Snelling; Neil Saunders; Sarah L. Potterton; James Craigon; Andrea Minuti; Erminio Trevisi; Maria L. Callegari; Fiorenzo Piccioli Cappelli; Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia; Johanna Vilkki; Cesar Pinares-Patino; Kateřina O. Fliegerová; Jakub Mrázek; Hana Sechovcová; Jan Kopečný; Aurélie Bonin; Frédéric Boyer; Pierre Taberlet; Fotini Kokou; Eran Halperin; John L. Williams; Kevin J. Shingfield; Itzhak Mizrahi. A heritable subset of the core rumen microbiome dictates dairy cow productivity and emissions. Science Advances 2019, 5, eaav8391 .
AMA StyleR. John Wallace, Goor Sasson, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Ilma Tapio, Emma Gregson, Paolo Bani, Pekka Huhtanen, Ali R. Bayat, Francesco Strozzi, Filippo Biscarini, Timothy J. Snelling, Neil Saunders, Sarah L. Potterton, James Craigon, Andrea Minuti, Erminio Trevisi, Maria L. Callegari, Fiorenzo Piccioli Cappelli, Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia, Johanna Vilkki, Cesar Pinares-Patino, Kateřina O. Fliegerová, Jakub Mrázek, Hana Sechovcová, Jan Kopečný, Aurélie Bonin, Frédéric Boyer, Pierre Taberlet, Fotini Kokou, Eran Halperin, John L. Williams, Kevin J. Shingfield, Itzhak Mizrahi. A heritable subset of the core rumen microbiome dictates dairy cow productivity and emissions. Science Advances. 2019; 5 (7):eaav8391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. John Wallace; Goor Sasson; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Ilma Tapio; Emma Gregson; Paolo Bani; Pekka Huhtanen; Ali R. Bayat; Francesco Strozzi; Filippo Biscarini; Timothy J. Snelling; Neil Saunders; Sarah L. Potterton; James Craigon; Andrea Minuti; Erminio Trevisi; Maria L. Callegari; Fiorenzo Piccioli Cappelli; Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia; Johanna Vilkki; Cesar Pinares-Patino; Kateřina O. Fliegerová; Jakub Mrázek; Hana Sechovcová; Jan Kopečný; Aurélie Bonin; Frédéric Boyer; Pierre Taberlet; Fotini Kokou; Eran Halperin; John L. Williams; Kevin J. Shingfield; Itzhak Mizrahi. 2019. "A heritable subset of the core rumen microbiome dictates dairy cow productivity and emissions." Science Advances 5, no. 7: eaav8391.
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Gut microbiota (gMB) has been suggested to contribute to many inflammatory and metabolic disorders typical of the elderly, thus worsening their frailty. A series of alterations of gMB composition and functions have been described also in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Frailty characterizes many CKD elderly patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The aim of our study was to assess gMB composition in CKD elderly patients compared to a group of elderly subjects with normal renal function and to evaluate if changes in gMB might contribute to frailty in CKD.
Elisabetta Margiotta; Lara Caldiroli; Simone Vettoretti; Maria Antonia Emilia Meneghini; Francesca Zanoni; Francesco Miragoli; Maria Luisa Callegari; Piergiorgio Messa. SuO004GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND FRAILTY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2018, 33, i618 -i618.
AMA StyleElisabetta Margiotta, Lara Caldiroli, Simone Vettoretti, Maria Antonia Emilia Meneghini, Francesca Zanoni, Francesco Miragoli, Maria Luisa Callegari, Piergiorgio Messa. SuO004GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND FRAILTY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2018; 33 (suppl_1):i618-i618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisabetta Margiotta; Lara Caldiroli; Simone Vettoretti; Maria Antonia Emilia Meneghini; Francesca Zanoni; Francesco Miragoli; Maria Luisa Callegari; Piergiorgio Messa. 2018. "SuO004GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND FRAILTY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 33, no. suppl_1: i618-i618.
Growing evidence supports the role of probiotics in reducing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, time to achieve full enteral feeding, and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants. As reported for several neonatal clinical outcomes, recent data have suggested that nutrition might affect probiotics’ efficacy. Nevertheless, the currently available literature does not explore the relationship between LOS prevention and type of feeding in preterm infants receiving probiotics. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of probiotics for LOS prevention in preterm infants according to type of feeding (exclusive human milk (HM) vs. exclusive formula or mixed feeding). Randomized-controlled trials involving preterm infants receiving probiotics and reporting on LOS were included in the systematic review. Only trials reporting on outcome according to feeding type were included in the meta-analysis. Fixed-effects models were used and random-effects models were used when significant heterogeneity was found. The results were expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Twenty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, probiotic supplementation resulted in a significantly lower incidence of LOS (RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.71–0.88), p < 0.0001). According to feeding type, the beneficial effect of probiotics was confirmed only in exclusively HM-fed preterm infants (RR 0.75 (95% CI 0.65–0.86), p < 0.0001). Among HM-fed infants, only probiotic mixtures, and not single-strain products, were effective in reducing LOS incidence (RR 0.68 (95% CI 0.57–0.80) p < 0.00001). The results of the present meta-analysis show that probiotics reduce LOS incidence in exclusively HM-fed preterm infants. Further efforts are required to clarify the relationship between probiotics supplementation, HM, and feeding practices in preterm infants.
Arianna Aceti; Luca Maggio; Isadora Beghetti; Davide Gori; Giovanni Barone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Maria Pia Fantini; Flavia Indrio; Fabio Meneghin; Lorenzo Morelli; Gianvincenzo Zuccotti; Luigi Corvaglia; On Behalf Of The Italian Society Of Neonatology.. Probiotics Prevent Late-Onset Sepsis in Human Milk-Fed, Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017, 9, 904 .
AMA StyleArianna Aceti, Luca Maggio, Isadora Beghetti, Davide Gori, Giovanni Barone, Maria Luisa Callegari, Maria Pia Fantini, Flavia Indrio, Fabio Meneghin, Lorenzo Morelli, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Luigi Corvaglia, On Behalf Of The Italian Society Of Neonatology.. Probiotics Prevent Late-Onset Sepsis in Human Milk-Fed, Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2017; 9 (8):904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArianna Aceti; Luca Maggio; Isadora Beghetti; Davide Gori; Giovanni Barone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Maria Pia Fantini; Flavia Indrio; Fabio Meneghin; Lorenzo Morelli; Gianvincenzo Zuccotti; Luigi Corvaglia; On Behalf Of The Italian Society Of Neonatology.. 2017. "Probiotics Prevent Late-Onset Sepsis in Human Milk-Fed, Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 9, no. 8: 904.
Cystic fibrosis is often associated with intestinal inflammation due to several factors, including altered gut microbiota composition. In this study, we analyzed the fecal microbiota among patients with cystic fibrosis of 10–22 years of age, and compared the findings with age-matched healthy subjects. The participating patients included 14 homozygotes and 14 heterozygotes with the delF508 mutation, and 2 heterozygotes presenting non-delF508 mutations. We used PCR-DGGE and qPCR to analyze the presence of bacteria, archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Overall, our findings confirmed disruption of the cystic fibrosis gut microbiota. Principal component analysis of the qPCR data revealed no differences between homozygotes and heterozygotes, while both groups were distinct from healthy subjects who showed higher biodiversity. Archaea were under the detection limit in all homozygotes subjects, whereas methanogens were detected in 62% of both cystic fibrosis heterozygotes and healthy subjects. Our qPCR results revealed a low frequency of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the homozygote (13%) and heterozygote (13%) patients with cystic fibrosis compared with healthy subjects (87.5%). This is a pioneer study showing that patients with cystic fibrosis exhibit significant reduction of H2-consuming microorganisms, which could increase hydrogen accumulation in the colon and the expulsion of this gas through non-microbial routes.
Francesco Miragoli; Sara Federici; Susanna Ferrari; Andrea Minuti; Annalisa Rebecchi; Eugenia Bruzzese; Vittoria Buccigrossi; Alfredo Guarino; Maria Luisa Callegari. Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2016, 93, 1 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Miragoli, Sara Federici, Susanna Ferrari, Andrea Minuti, Annalisa Rebecchi, Eugenia Bruzzese, Vittoria Buccigrossi, Alfredo Guarino, Maria Luisa Callegari. Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 2016; 93 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Miragoli; Sara Federici; Susanna Ferrari; Andrea Minuti; Annalisa Rebecchi; Eugenia Bruzzese; Vittoria Buccigrossi; Alfredo Guarino; Maria Luisa Callegari. 2016. "Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 93, no. 2: 1.
Probiotics have been linked to a reduction in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Recently, probiotics have also proved to reduce time to achieve full enteral feeding (FEF). However, the relationship between FEF achievement and type of feeding in infants treated with probiotics has not been explored yet. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of probiotics in reducing time to achieve FEF in preterm infants, according to type of feeding (exclusive human milk (HM) vs. formula). Randomized-controlled trials involving preterm infants receiving probiotics, and reporting on time to reach FEF were included in the systematic review. Trials reporting on outcome according to type of feeding (exclusive HM vs. formula) were included in the meta-analysis. Fixed-effect or random-effects models were used as appropriate. Results were expressed as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review. In the five studies recruiting exclusively HM-fed preterm infants, those treated with probiotics reached FEF approximately 3 days before controls (MD −3.15 days (95% CI −5.25/−1.05), p = 0.003). None of the two studies reporting on exclusively formula-fed infants showed any difference between infants receiving probiotics and controls in terms of FEF achievement. The limited number of included studies did not allow testing for other subgroup differences between HM and formula-fed infants. However, if confirmed in further studies, the 3-days reduction in time to achieve FEF in exclusively HM-fed preterm infants might have significant implications for their clinical management.
Arianna Aceti; Davide Gori; Giovanni Barone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Maria Pia Fantini; Flavia Indrio; Luca Maggio; Fabio Meneghin; Lorenzo Morelli; Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti; Luigi Corvaglia. Probiotics and Time to Achieve Full Enteral Feeding in Human Milk-Fed and Formula-Fed Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2016, 8, 471 .
AMA StyleArianna Aceti, Davide Gori, Giovanni Barone, Maria Luisa Callegari, Maria Pia Fantini, Flavia Indrio, Luca Maggio, Fabio Meneghin, Lorenzo Morelli, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Luigi Corvaglia. Probiotics and Time to Achieve Full Enteral Feeding in Human Milk-Fed and Formula-Fed Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2016; 8 (8):471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArianna Aceti; Davide Gori; Giovanni Barone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Maria Pia Fantini; Flavia Indrio; Luca Maggio; Fabio Meneghin; Lorenzo Morelli; Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti; Luigi Corvaglia. 2016. "Probiotics and Time to Achieve Full Enteral Feeding in Human Milk-Fed and Formula-Fed Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 8, no. 8: 471.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affects predominantly preterm infants, who have specific risk factors leading to intestinal dysbiosis. Manipulations of gut microbiota through probiotics have the potential to prevent NEC. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of probiotics for NEC prevention in preterm infants, with a focus on specific strains, microbiological strength of currently available studies, and high-risk populations. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for trials published within 4th February 2015. Randomized-controlled trials reporting on NEC and involving preterm infants who were given probiotics in the first month of life were included in the systematic review. Twenty-six studies were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Data about study design, population, intervention and outcome were extracted and summarized independently by two observers. Study quality and quality of evidence were also evaluated. Fixed-effects models were used and random-effects models where significant heterogeneity was present. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity among studies. Results were expresses as risk ratio (RR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). The main outcome was incidence of NEC stage ≥2 according to Bell’s criteria. Probiotics prevented NEC in preterm infants (RR 0.47 [95 % CI 0.36–0.60], p < 0.00001). Strain-specific sub-meta-analyses showed a significant effect for Bifidobacteria (RR 0.24 [95 % CI 0.10–0.54], p = 0.0006) and for probiotic mixtures (RR 0.39 [95 % CI 0.27–0.56], p < 0.00001). Probiotics prevented NEC in very-low-birth-weight infants (RR 0.48 [95 % CI 0.37–0.62], p < 0.00001); there were insufficient data for extremely-low-birth-weight infants. The majority of studies presented severe or moderate microbiological flaws. Probiotics had an overall preventive effect on NEC in preterm infants. However, there are still insufficient data on the specific probiotic strain to be used and on the effect of probiotics in high-risk populations such as extremely-low-birth-weight infants, before a widespread use of these products can be recommended.
Arianna Aceti; On Behalf Of The Italian Society Of Neonatology; Davide Gori; Giovanni Barone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Antonio Di Mauro; Maria Pia Fantini; Flavia Indrio; Luca Maggio; Fabio Meneghin; Lorenzo Morelli; Gianvincenzo Zuccotti; Luigi Corvaglia. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2015, 41, 1 -20.
AMA StyleArianna Aceti, On Behalf Of The Italian Society Of Neonatology, Davide Gori, Giovanni Barone, Maria Luisa Callegari, Antonio Di Mauro, Maria Pia Fantini, Flavia Indrio, Luca Maggio, Fabio Meneghin, Lorenzo Morelli, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Luigi Corvaglia. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2015; 41 (1):1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArianna Aceti; On Behalf Of The Italian Society Of Neonatology; Davide Gori; Giovanni Barone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Antonio Di Mauro; Maria Pia Fantini; Flavia Indrio; Luca Maggio; Fabio Meneghin; Lorenzo Morelli; Gianvincenzo Zuccotti; Luigi Corvaglia. 2015. "Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis." Italian Journal of Pediatrics 41, no. 1: 1-20.
Methanogens commonly inhabit swine intestine. We analyzed the gut archaeal population by extracting DNA from the feces of nine piglets. We performed PCR to target the V6–V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Subsequent denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed the presence of Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani, which has not previously been identified in pigs. We confirmed these data with a PCR-DGGE analysis of the mcrA gene, and subsequent sequencing. At 63 days old, the only band in fecal samples corresponded to M. boviskoreani. The DGGE analysis also showed that Methanobrevibacter smithii, which was abundant at 28 days, was dramatically reduced at 42 days, and it completely disappeared at 63 days. To confirm these data, we quantified M. smithii and the total archaeal population by quantitative PCR (qPCR); moreover, we designed a new set of species-specific primers based on the 16S rRNA gene of M. boviskoreani. The qPCR results confirmed the reduction in M. smithii over time and a simultaneous increase in M. boviskoreani. At 63 days, the total numbers of archaea and M. boviskoreani genomes were comparable, which suggested that M. boviskoreani represented the dominant archaea. This work showed that the archaeal population shifted during weaning, and M. boviskoreani replaced M. smithii.
Sara Federici; Francesco Miragoli; Vincenza Pisacane; Annalisa Rebecchi; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Luisa Callegari. Archaeal microbiota population in piglet feces shifts in response to weaning: Methanobrevibacter smithii is replaced with Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2015, 362, 1 .
AMA StyleSara Federici, Francesco Miragoli, Vincenza Pisacane, Annalisa Rebecchi, Lorenzo Morelli, Maria Luisa Callegari. Archaeal microbiota population in piglet feces shifts in response to weaning: Methanobrevibacter smithii is replaced with Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2015; 362 (10):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Federici; Francesco Miragoli; Vincenza Pisacane; Annalisa Rebecchi; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Luisa Callegari. 2015. "Archaeal microbiota population in piglet feces shifts in response to weaning: Methanobrevibacter smithii is replaced with Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani." FEMS Microbiology Letters 362, no. 10: 1.