Recently, 5G installation has been started globally. Different capabilities are in the consistent procedure, like ultrareliability, mass connectivity, and specific low latency. Though, 5G is insufficient to meet all the necessities of the future technology in 2030 and so on. Next generation information and communication technology is playing an important role in attraction of researchers, industries, and technical people. With respect to 5G networks, sixth‐generation (6G) CR networks are anticipated to familiarize innovative use cases and performance metrics, such as to offer worldwide coverage, cost efficiency, enhanced spectral, energy improved intelligence, and safety. To reach such requirements, upcoming 6G CRNs will trust novel empowering technologies. Innovative network architecture and transmission technologies and air interface are of excessive position, like multiple accesses, waveform design, multiantenna technologies, and channel coding schemes. (1) To content, the condition should be of worldwide coverage, there will be no limit on 6G to global CR communication networks that may require to be completed with broadcast networks, like satellite communication networks, therefore, attaining a sea integrated communication network. (2) The spectrums overall will be entirely travelled to the supplementary rise connection density data rates in optical frequency bands, millimeter wave (mmWave), sub‐6 GHz, and terahertz (THz). (3) To see big datasets created because of tremendously varied CR communication networks, antenna rush, diverse communication scenarios, new provision necessities, wide bandwidth, and 6G CRNs will allow an innovative variety of intelligent applications with the assistance of big data and AI technologies. (4) Need to improve network security when deploying 6G technology in CR networks. 6G is decentralized, intended, intelligent innovative, and distributed network. In this article, we studied a survey of current developments and upcoming trends. We studied the predicted applications, possible technologies, and security issues for 6G CR network communication. We also discussed predicted future key challenges in 6G.

Technological advancement plays a crucial role in our daily lives and constantly transforms the industrial sector. However, these technologies also introduce new security vulnerabilities to Industrial Control Systems (ICS). Attackers take advantage of these weaknesses to infiltrate the ICS environment. The size of the targeted industry and the attacker’s knowledge of the internal ICS environment are crucial factors in determining the degree of impact. Researchers and industry professionals have taken several initiatives to identify and address security problems in the ICS environment; however, to our knowledge, a comprehensive survey of this landscape has yet to be conducted. Existing surveys have limitations since they mainly focus on specific aspects of ICS security rather than covering the security aspects holistically. This paper aims to cover all aspects of security in ICS by classifying the ICS environment into its components, such as SCADA, PLC, DCS, RTU, HMI, MTU, etc. The paper then discusses the vulnerabilities in the modern ICS environment, including those of the specific components. The article also presents a classification of ICS-specific attack types. Furthermore, the study examines real-world attack scenarios in the industrial critical infrastructure sectors, including energy, power, water, and wastewater. This study provides an in-depth analysis of ICS security that empowers researchers and industry practitioners to comprehend the complexities of ICS security and to strengthen the ICS environment’s resilience proactively.

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has had a big impact on both industry and academia. Its profound impact is particularly felt in the industrial sector, where the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), also known as Industry 4.0, is revolutionizing manufacturing and production through the fusion of cutting-edge technologies and network-embedded sensing devices. The IIoT revolutionizes several industries, including crucial ones such as oil and gas, water purification and distribution, energy, and chemicals, by integrating information technology (IT) with industrial control and automation systems. Water, a vital resource for life, is a symbol of the advancement of technology, yet knowledge of potential cyberattacks and their catastrophic effects on water treatment facilities is still insufficient. Even seemingly insignificant errors can have serious consequences, such as aberrant pH values or fluctuations in the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCI) in water, which can result in fatalities or serious diseases. The water purification and distribution industry has been the target of numerous hostile cyber security attacks, some of which have been identified, revealed, and documented in this paper. Our goal is to understand the range of security threats that are present in this industry. Through the lens of IIoT, the survey provides a technical investigation that covers attack models, actual cases of cyber intrusions in the water sector, a range of security difficulties encountered, and preventative security solutions. We also explore upcoming perspectives, illuminating the predicted advancements and orientations in this dynamic subject. For industrial practitioners and aspiring scholars alike, our work is a useful, enlightening, and current resource. We want to promote a thorough grasp of the cybersecurity landscape in the water industry by combining key insights and igniting group efforts toward a safe and dependable digital future.

In modern industrial environments, the security and sustainability of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) have become crucial. This comprehensive review examines the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in ICS, focusing on technologies like Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Large Language Models (LLMs), and cloud computing. Moreover, this research explores integrating existing and proposed sustainable practices within the ICS framework, with a particular emphasis on energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction, to enhance the overall sustainability of ICS. This review employed a systematic approach to select relevant articles from multiple reputable databases, such as Scopus, IEEE Explore, Science Direct, ACM digital library, Web of Science, and IET digital library, including 250 articles that provide valuable insights into the intersection of AI, security, and sustainability in ICS. This review examines vulnerabilities in ICS, such as data breaches, insider threats, and malware, emphasizing the need for effective anomaly detection. It highlights how AI technologies like anomaly detection and predictive analytics can enhance threat detection and response in ICS by improving accuracy and efficiency. The review offers insights to researchers and professionals on the future of secure, sustainable ICS, supporting a resilient industrial landscape that meets cybersecurity, compliance, and sustainability goals.