The present study aims to evaluate the potential for the pollution of the environment by two herbicides (quizalofop-p-ethyl and cycloxydim), using the Allium test. The species in question is Allium cepa (onion, 2n = 16), one of the most common plant indicators of environmental pollution. The working method consisted of obtaining the meristematic roots of Allium cepa and their treatment with herbicides at three different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) for each herbicide for 24 h, for comparison with an untreated control. The results obtained from the cytological study indicated a strong cytotoxic and genotoxic effect for both herbicides, but especially for quizalofop-p-ethyl, where the mitotic index decreased from 30.2% (control) to 9.6% for the variant treated with 1.5% herbicide. In this case, a strong mitodepressive effect was shown by a highly significant percentage (35.4%) of chromosomal aberrations and nuclear alterations: stickiness, fragments, C-mitosis, lobulated nucleus, micronuclei, and nuclear erosion. The mitodepressive effect as well as the percentage of chromosomal aberrations increased with a higher herbicide concentration. The obtained results suggest the strong potential for pollution of the two herbicides, particularly at concentrations higher than 0.5%; therefore, we recommend caution in their use to avoid undesirable effects on the environment.

Our ancestors propagated vines by stem cuttings. This custom lasted until the introduction of phylloxera, an insect from the aphid family, to Europe, which decimated noble vines. The first measures were desperate, including placing a toad at the root of the vine, treating it with sulfur, growing it on beach sand, or flooding it. The hybridization of noble vines with American wild vines in bloom led to the emergence of direct-producing hybrids; these produced inferior wine. Grafting European noble vines onto phylloxera-tolerant rootstocks was the accepted method worldwide. After 100 years, phylloxera disappeared because it had nowhere to live. Can we return to propagation by cuttings? This article invites a debate.

A bifactorial experiment involving maize hybrids fertilized with different doses of urea was conducted in 2025 on chernozem soil in Caracal. The maize hybrids used were P9944, P0260, and P0450. The tested urea doses were 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha. The obtained yield was analyzed based on five quality indices: protein content, fat content, sugar content, starch content, and fiber content. The average protein content was 4.7%, while the fat content averaged 2.7%. Under the pedoclimatic conditions of Caracal, the quality of maize production was influenced by nitrogen fertilization.

Human (anthropogenic) influence, mostly generalized industry, intensive conventional agriculture, traffic and others, causes the increase of concentration of greenhouse gases to a level by which significantly more heat is radiated back to the earth than it was in the initial state. This is how climate warming occurs. At the international level, periodic inventories are carried out that show the fact that the biosphere absorbs, approximately, half of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and at the terrestrial level, the carbon source and reserve is given by the northern hemisphere.This study presents some results from the literature regarding the methods of C emissions reduction and its sequestration per surface unit, i.e. per hectare of agricultural crops, to increase the contribution of agriculture to environmental depollution. The used methods included searching of databases, such as Web of Science or Google Scholar, in order to identify some relevant results.Reducing CO2 emissions can be achieved through biological, chemical and technological options, either by reducing or sequestering them.

The wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) is a woody vine, widespread through out most of Eurasia. In Romania this wild vine is founds poradically, entering the floristic composition of the woody plant communities of meadows, in the plain and hilly areas, on the banks of the waters, preferring alluvial soils. In southern Oltenia, the most important populations are found in the Danube meadow, in the lower Jiu basin but also at the Jiu-Danube Confluence. Following population studies, it was found that in general, the identified populations consist of less than ten individuals, with variable vigor, depending on ecologicaL and anthropogenic factors, and the distances between populations vary, ranging from a fewtens of meters to hundreds of meters. In southern Oltenia, the distribution area of ​​wild grapevine is very fragmented. From a phytosociological point of view, wild grapevine populations have been identified in the floristic composition of the following plant communities: Salici-Populetum Meijer-Drees 1936, Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae (Kästner 1938) Lohmeyer 1957, Carici remotae-Fraxinetum Koch ex Faber 1936, Salicetum albae Issler 1924, Fraxino pallisae-Quercetum pedunculiflorae (Popescu et al. 1979) Oprea 1997, Quercetum roboris pedunculiflorae Simon 1960 (syn.: Fraxino angustifoliae-Quercetum pedunculiflorae Chifu et al. (1998) 2004). Al though this wild vine can reproduce vegetatively, it has been observed by specialists that in the longterm thereis a risk of senescence and genetic weakening of populations. Given global climate change, the anthropogenic factors that threaten wild vine populations need to be defined in order to impose effective protection measures for wild grapevine. Considering the importance of conserving the genetic resources of wild grapevines at a European level and beyond, he believes that the chorological, population, phytosociological, and ecological studies carried out in the Danube and Jiu basins, including the Jiu-Danube Confluence, have an essential role both for the conservation of biodiversity and for viticulture.

This study quantifies soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in a biodynamic Demeter and Ecoland-certified farm located in Sonnenhof, Wolpertshausen (Germany). Soil samples were collected from six crop fields at three depth intervals (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) under different crop rotations: mustard–spelt wheat–alfalfa, lentils + camelina–coriander–alfalfa, mustard–spelt wheat–coriander, coriander–lentils + camelina–oriental mustard, mustard–coriander–oriental mustard, and alfalfa–alfalfa–spelt wheat.The results revealed a clear depth-dependent decline of SOC, TN, MBC, and MBN across all sites, with the highest concentrations recorded in surface layers. Among rotations, the alfalfa-based system (Rheinsberg Acker) showed the greatest enrichment in SOC (2.11%), TN (0.22%), MBC (346.52 mg Cmic kg⁻¹), and MBN (58.65 mg Nmic kg⁻¹), demonstrating the critical role of perennial legumes in carbon sequestration and nitrogen accumulation through biological nitrogen fixation and root biomass input. In contrast, mustard–coriander rotations exhibited the lowest values, emphasizing the limited contribution of short-cycle crops to soil fertility.These findings underscore the importance of diversified crop rotations, particularly those incorporating legumes, in enhancing soil carbon pools, supporting microbial activity, and promoting sustainable agricultural systems aligned with climate change mitigation objectives.