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With the aim of optimizing the interfacial adhesion of basalt fibres with thermoset matrices, in this research the plasma polymerization technique (PECVD) was used to synthesize polymeric coatings based on tetravinylsilane (TVS) or its mixtures with oxygen on the surface of basalt fibres. The successful deposition of the polymer sizing was confirmed by XPS analysis, which highlighted the increase in the intensity of the carbon and oxygen peaks. To evaluate the influence of polymer sizing on interfacial adhesion, basalt fibre/polyester resin composites were tested through the short beam shear (SBS) test. Compared to neat basalt fibres, the modified fibres showed a significant increase in the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) higher than 180%. These results compared quite favourably with those on glass fibres used as baseline, with higher ILSS values as a function of oxygen content. The improvement in interfacial adhesion was correlated with the increase in basalt fibre surface energy by single fibre dynamic contact angle tests.
Matteo Lilli; Michal Jurko; Veronika Sirjovova; Milan Zvonek; Vladimir Cech; Christina Scheffler; Celia Rogero; Maxim Ilyn; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini. Basalt fibre surface modification via plasma polymerization of tetravinylsilane/oxygen mixtures for improved interfacial adhesion with unsaturated polyester matrix. Materials Chemistry and Physics 2021, 274, 125106 .
AMA StyleMatteo Lilli, Michal Jurko, Veronika Sirjovova, Milan Zvonek, Vladimir Cech, Christina Scheffler, Celia Rogero, Maxim Ilyn, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini. Basalt fibre surface modification via plasma polymerization of tetravinylsilane/oxygen mixtures for improved interfacial adhesion with unsaturated polyester matrix. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2021; 274 ():125106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Lilli; Michal Jurko; Veronika Sirjovova; Milan Zvonek; Vladimir Cech; Christina Scheffler; Celia Rogero; Maxim Ilyn; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2021. "Basalt fibre surface modification via plasma polymerization of tetravinylsilane/oxygen mixtures for improved interfacial adhesion with unsaturated polyester matrix." Materials Chemistry and Physics 274, no. : 125106.
Sandwich structures are widespread in all the industrial applications where a high stiffness-to-weight ratio is required. Despite the unique bending performance, they feature two major drawbacks: the massive exploitation of synthetic materials and a strong susceptibility to impact damage. This work addresses both problems, investigating the puncture impact response of bio-based sandwich structures with an agglomerated cork core and intraply flax/basalt hybrid skins. A preliminary campaign of impacts was performed on three agglomerated corks with different densities and on three traditional polyvinyl(chloride) foams with comparable densities. Based upon the results obtained, one agglomerated cork (NL25) and one PVC foam (HP130) were selected to realize a finite element analysis (FEA) on the sole core and to produce the whole sandwich composites. FEA results show a good agreement with experimental ones ensuring a reliable prediction of cores dynamic response. The tests performed on sandwich structures proved the feasibility of agglomerated cork as an effective core, able to provide an improved damage tolerance to the structure. NL25 sandwiches impacted at 20-30J showed a permanent indentation 60-67% lower than HP130 ones. The coupling agent in skins has a detrimental effect reducing composites perforation threshold from 80 to 60J.
Claudia Sergi; Simonetta Boria; Fabrizio Sarasini; Pietro Russo; Libera Vitiello; Enrique Barbero; Sonia Sanchez-Saez; Jacopo Tirillò. Experimental and finite element analysis of the impact response of agglomerated cork and its intraply hybrid flax/basalt sandwich structures. Composite Structures 2021, 272, 114210 .
AMA StyleClaudia Sergi, Simonetta Boria, Fabrizio Sarasini, Pietro Russo, Libera Vitiello, Enrique Barbero, Sonia Sanchez-Saez, Jacopo Tirillò. Experimental and finite element analysis of the impact response of agglomerated cork and its intraply hybrid flax/basalt sandwich structures. Composite Structures. 2021; 272 ():114210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Sergi; Simonetta Boria; Fabrizio Sarasini; Pietro Russo; Libera Vitiello; Enrique Barbero; Sonia Sanchez-Saez; Jacopo Tirillò. 2021. "Experimental and finite element analysis of the impact response of agglomerated cork and its intraply hybrid flax/basalt sandwich structures." Composite Structures 272, no. : 114210.
The present research is focused on the synthesis of hexagonal ZnO wurtzite nanorods for the decoration of commercially available electrospun nylon nanofibers. The growth of ZnO was performed by a hydrothermal technique and for the first time on commercial electrospun veils. The growth step was optimized by adopting a procedure with the refresh of growing solution each hour of treatment (Method 1) and with the maintenance of a specific growth solution volume for the entire duration of the treatment (Method 2). The overall treatment time and volume of solution were also optimized by analyzing the morphology of ZnO nanostructures, the coverage degree, the thermal and mechanical stability of the obtained decorated electrospun nanofibers. In the optimal synthesis conditions (Method 2), hexagonal ZnO nanorods with a diameter and length of 53.5 nm ± 5.7 nm and 375.4 nm ± 37.8 nm, respectively, were obtained with a homogeneous and complete coverage of the veils. This easily scalable procedure did not damage the veils that could be potentially used as toughening elements in composites to prevent delamination onset and propagation. The presence of photoreactive species makes these materials ideal also as environmentally friendly photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. In this regard, photocatalytic tests were performed using methylene blue (MB) as model compound. Under UV light irradiation, the degradation of MB followed a first kinetic order data fitting and after 3 h of treatment a MB degradation of 91.0% ± 5.1% was achieved. The reusability of decorated veils was evaluated and a decrease in photocatalysis efficiency was detected after the third cycle of use.
Irene Bavasso; Francesca Sbardella; Maria Bracciale; Matteo Lilli; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Palma; Anna Felici; Fabrizio Sarasini. Functionalization of Commercial Electrospun Veils with Zinc Oxide Nanostructures. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 418 .
AMA StyleIrene Bavasso, Francesca Sbardella, Maria Bracciale, Matteo Lilli, Jacopo Tirillò, Luca Palma, Anna Felici, Fabrizio Sarasini. Functionalization of Commercial Electrospun Veils with Zinc Oxide Nanostructures. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (2):418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Bavasso; Francesca Sbardella; Maria Bracciale; Matteo Lilli; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Palma; Anna Felici; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2021. "Functionalization of Commercial Electrospun Veils with Zinc Oxide Nanostructures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2: 418.
The exploitation of mechanical properties and customization possibilities of 3D printed metal parts usually come at the cost of complex and expensive equipment. To address this issue, hybrid metal/polymer composite filaments have been studied allowing the printing of metal parts by using the standard Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) approach. The resulting hybrid metal/polymer part, the so called “green”, can then be transformed into a dense metal part using debinding and sintering cycles. In this work, we investigated the manufacturing and characterization of green and sintered parts obtained by FFF of two commercial hybrid metal/polymer filaments, i.e., the Ultrafuse 316L by BASF and the 17-4 PH by Markforged. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) analyses of the mesostructure highlighted incomplete raster bonding and voids like those observed in conventional FFF-printed polymeric structures despite the sintering cycle. A significant role in the tensile properties was played by the building orientation, with samples printed flatwise featuring the highest mechanical properties, though lower than those achievable with standard metal additive manufacturing techniques.
Claudio Tosto; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini; Gianluca Cicala. Hybrid Metal/Polymer Filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to Print Metal Parts. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1444 .
AMA StyleClaudio Tosto, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini, Gianluca Cicala. Hybrid Metal/Polymer Filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to Print Metal Parts. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):1444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio Tosto; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini; Gianluca Cicala. 2021. "Hybrid Metal/Polymer Filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to Print Metal Parts." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4: 1444.
The composites based on basalt fibres and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) show promising applications in biomedical and automotive fields, but their mechanical performance is still largely hindered by poor interfacial properties. Zinc oxide nanorods have been successfully used to tune the PLA/basalt fibre interface by growing them on commercially available basalt fabrics. The hierarchical fibres significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of PLA-based composites, especially their flexural strength and stiffness. These values are 26% and 22% higher than those of unmodified basalt/PLA composites, and 24% and 34% higher than those of glass/PLA composites used as a baseline. The increase in tensile and flexural properties hinges on the mechanical interlocking action promoted by ZnO nanorods and on the creation of a compact transcrystallinity structure. A degradation of PLA matrix was detected but it was positively counteracted by the better interfacial stress transfer. This study offers a novel approach for modifying the fibre–matrix interface of biocomposites intended for high-performance applications.
Francesca Sbardella; Andrea Martinelli; Valerio Di Lisio; Irene Bavasso; Pietro Russo; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini. Surface Modification of Basalt Fibres with ZnO Nanorods and Its Effect on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Composites. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 200 .
AMA StyleFrancesca Sbardella, Andrea Martinelli, Valerio Di Lisio, Irene Bavasso, Pietro Russo, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini. Surface Modification of Basalt Fibres with ZnO Nanorods and Its Effect on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Composites. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (2):200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Sbardella; Andrea Martinelli; Valerio Di Lisio; Irene Bavasso; Pietro Russo; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2021. "Surface Modification of Basalt Fibres with ZnO Nanorods and Its Effect on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Composites." Biomolecules 11, no. 2: 200.
The disposal of fibre reinforced composite materials is a problem widely debated in the literature. This work explores the ability to restore the mechanical properties of thermally conditioned basalt fibres through chemical treatments. Inorganic acid (HF) and alkaline (NaOH) treatments proved to be effective in regenerating the mechanical strength of recycled basalt fibres, with up to 94% recovery of the strength on treatment with NaOH. In particular, HF treatment proved to be less effective compared to NaOH, therefore pointing towards a more environmentally sustainable approach considering the disposal issues linked to the use of HF. Moreover, the strength regeneration was found to be dependent on the level of temperature experienced during the thermal treatment process, with decreasing effectiveness as a function of increasing temperature. SEM analysis of the fibres’ lateral surfaces suggests that surface defects removal induced by the etching reaction is the mechanism controlling recovery of fibre mechanical properties. In addition, studies on the fracture toughness of the regenerated single fibres were carried out, using focussed ion beam (FIB) milling technique, to investigate whether any structural change in the bulk fibre occurred after thermal exposure and chemical regeneration. A significant increase in the fracture toughness for the regenerated fibres, in comparison with the as-received and heat-treated basalt ones, was measured.
Matteo Lilli; Fabrizio Sarasini; Lorenzo Di Fausto; Carlos González; Andrea Fernández; Cláudio Saúl Lopes; Jacopo Tirillò. Chemical Regeneration of Thermally Conditioned Basalt Fibres. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6674 .
AMA StyleMatteo Lilli, Fabrizio Sarasini, Lorenzo Di Fausto, Carlos González, Andrea Fernández, Cláudio Saúl Lopes, Jacopo Tirillò. Chemical Regeneration of Thermally Conditioned Basalt Fibres. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):6674.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Lilli; Fabrizio Sarasini; Lorenzo Di Fausto; Carlos González; Andrea Fernández; Cláudio Saúl Lopes; Jacopo Tirillò. 2020. "Chemical Regeneration of Thermally Conditioned Basalt Fibres." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 6674.
This study deals with the development and optimization of hybrid composites integrating microcrystalline cellulose and short basalt fibers in a polypropylene (PP) matrix to maximize the mechanical properties of resulting composites. To this aim, the effects of two different coupling agents, endowed with maleic anhydride (MA-g(grafted)-PP) and acrylic acid (AA-g-PP) functionalities, on the composite properties were investigated as a function of their amount. Tensile, flexural, impact and heat deflection temperature tests highlighted the lower reactivity and effectiveness of AA-g-PP, regardless of reinforcement type. Hybrid formulations with basalt/cellulose (15/15) and with 5 wt. % of MA-g-PP displayed remarkable increases in tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and notched Charpy impact strength, of 45% and 284%, 97% and 263%, and 13%, in comparison with neat PP, respectively. At the same time, the thermo-mechanical stability was enhanced by 65% compared to neat PP. The results of this study, if compared with the ones available in the literature, reveal the ability of such a combination of reinforcements to provide materials suitable for automotive applications with environmental benefits.
Claudia Sergi; Francesca Sbardella; Matteo Lilli; Jacopo Tirillò; Andrea Calzolari; Fabrizio Sarasini. Hybrid Cellulose–Basalt Polypropylene Composites with Enhanced Compatibility: The Role of Coupling Agent. Molecules 2020, 25, 4384 .
AMA StyleClaudia Sergi, Francesca Sbardella, Matteo Lilli, Jacopo Tirillò, Andrea Calzolari, Fabrizio Sarasini. Hybrid Cellulose–Basalt Polypropylene Composites with Enhanced Compatibility: The Role of Coupling Agent. Molecules. 2020; 25 (19):4384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Sergi; Francesca Sbardella; Matteo Lilli; Jacopo Tirillò; Andrea Calzolari; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2020. "Hybrid Cellulose–Basalt Polypropylene Composites with Enhanced Compatibility: The Role of Coupling Agent." Molecules 25, no. 19: 4384.
A thermoplastic starch (TPS) material is developed, based on corn starch plasticized with glycerol and citric acid in a 9:3:1 ratio and further bonded with isinglass and mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471). In TPS, leather fragments, in the amount of 7.5 15 or 22.5 g/100 g of dry matter, were also introduced. The mixture was heated at a maximum temperature of 80 °C, then cast in an open mold to obtain films with thickness in the range 300 ± 50 microns. The leather fragments used were based on collagen obtained from production waste from shoemaking and tanned with tannins obtained from smoketree (Rhus cotinus), therefore free from chromium. Thermogravimetric (TGA) tests suggested that material degradation started at a temperature around 285 °C, revealing that the presence of leather fragments did not influence the occurrence of this process in TPS. Tensile tests indicated an increase in tensile properties (strength and Young’s modulus) with increasing leather content, albeit coupled, especially at 22.5 wt%, with a more pronounced brittle behavior. Leather waste provided a sound interface with the bulk of the composite, as observed under scanning electron microscopy. The production process indicated a very limited degradation of the material after exposure to UV radiation for eight days, as demonstrated by the slight attenuation of amide I (collagen) and polysaccharide FTIR peaks. Reheating at 80 °C resulted in a weight loss not exceeding 3%.
Silvio Pompei; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini; Carlo Santulli. Development of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Including Leather Waste Fragments. Polymers 2020, 12, 1811 .
AMA StyleSilvio Pompei, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini, Carlo Santulli. Development of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Including Leather Waste Fragments. Polymers. 2020; 12 (8):1811.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvio Pompei; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini; Carlo Santulli. 2020. "Development of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Including Leather Waste Fragments." Polymers 12, no. 8: 1811.
This article presents an experimental investigation to quantify the effects of high temperature exposure (400–600 °C) on the mechanical properties of single basalt fibres. To this purpose, a combination of single edge notch tension and nanoindentation micro-pillar splitting methods was used to provide an assessment of the fracture toughness of as-received and thermally treated basalt fibres. Similar values were obtained by the two different methods, and interestingly both highlighted an increase in KIc after heat treatment, up to 22% after exposure at 600 °C for 1h (1.59±0.06MPam). The increase in KIc suggests that microstructural changes occur in the fibres, as confirmed by high-speed nanoindentation mapping. Local radial heterogeneity in the fibre structure and elastic modulus and, possibly, the loss of defect orientation originally induced during the fibre drawing process are envisaged to control the decay of basalt fibres tensile strength during high temperature exposure, mimicking a thermal recycling process for composites.
Matteo Lilli; Edoardo Rossi; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini; Lorenzo Di Fausto; Teodoro Valente; Carlos González; Andrea Fernández; Cláudio Saúl Lopes; Riccardo Moscatelli; Edoardo Bemporad; Marco Sebastiani. Quantitative multi-scale characterization of single basalt fibres: Insights into strength loss mechanisms after thermal conditioning. Materials Science and Engineering: A 2020, 797, 139963 .
AMA StyleMatteo Lilli, Edoardo Rossi, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini, Lorenzo Di Fausto, Teodoro Valente, Carlos González, Andrea Fernández, Cláudio Saúl Lopes, Riccardo Moscatelli, Edoardo Bemporad, Marco Sebastiani. Quantitative multi-scale characterization of single basalt fibres: Insights into strength loss mechanisms after thermal conditioning. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2020; 797 ():139963.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Lilli; Edoardo Rossi; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini; Lorenzo Di Fausto; Teodoro Valente; Carlos González; Andrea Fernández; Cláudio Saúl Lopes; Riccardo Moscatelli; Edoardo Bemporad; Marco Sebastiani. 2020. "Quantitative multi-scale characterization of single basalt fibres: Insights into strength loss mechanisms after thermal conditioning." Materials Science and Engineering: A 797, no. : 139963.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of commercially available and relatively inexpensive enzyme preparations based on endo 1,4-β-xylanase, pectinase and xyloglucanase on the thermal (TGA), morphological (SEM), chemical (FT-IR) and mechanical (single yarn tensile tests) properties of flax yarns. The preparation based on pectinase and xyloglucanase provided the best results, resulting in the effective removal of hydrophilic components such as hemicellulose and pectin, the individualization of yarns and increased thermal stability at the expense of a reduction in mechanical properties, depending on the treatment parameters. Single yarn fragmentation tests pointed out an improved interfacial adhesion after enzymatic treatment, with reduced debonding length values of 18% for an epoxy matrix and up to 36% for a vinylester resin compared to untreated flax yarns.
Maria Carolina Seghini; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Paola Bracciale; Fabienne Touchard; Laurence Chocinski-Arnault; Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Fabrizio Sarasini. Surface Modification of Flax Yarns by Enzymatic Treatment and Their Interfacial Adhesion with Thermoset Matrices. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2910 .
AMA StyleMaria Carolina Seghini, Jacopo Tirillò, Maria Paola Bracciale, Fabienne Touchard, Laurence Chocinski-Arnault, Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia, Fabrizio Sarasini. Surface Modification of Flax Yarns by Enzymatic Treatment and Their Interfacial Adhesion with Thermoset Matrices. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (8):2910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Carolina Seghini; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Paola Bracciale; Fabienne Touchard; Laurence Chocinski-Arnault; Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2020. "Surface Modification of Flax Yarns by Enzymatic Treatment and Their Interfacial Adhesion with Thermoset Matrices." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8: 2910.
Four different strategies for mitigating the highly hydrophilic nature of flax fibers were investigated with a view to increase their compatibility with apolar polypropylene. The effects of two carbon nanostructures (graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)), of a chemical modification with a fatty acid (stearic acid), and of maleated polypropylene on interfacial adhesion, mechanical properties (tensile and flexural), and thermal stability (TGA) were compared. The best performance was achieved by a synergistic combination of GNPs and maleated polypropylene, which resulted in an increase in tensile strength and modulus of 42.46% and 54.96%, respectively, compared to baseline composites. Stearation proved to be an effective strategy for increasing the compatibility with apolar matrices when performed in an ethanol solution with a 0.4 M concentration. The results demonstrate that an adequate selection of surface modification strategies leads to considerable enhancements in targeted properties.
Pietro Russo; Libera Vitiello; Francesca Sbardella; Jose I. Santos; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Paola Bracciale; Iván Rivilla; Fabrizio Sarasini. Effect of Carbon Nanostructures and Fatty Acid Treatment on the Mechanical and Thermal Performances of Flax/Polypropylene Composites. Polymers 2020, 12, 438 .
AMA StylePietro Russo, Libera Vitiello, Francesca Sbardella, Jose I. Santos, Jacopo Tirillò, Maria Paola Bracciale, Iván Rivilla, Fabrizio Sarasini. Effect of Carbon Nanostructures and Fatty Acid Treatment on the Mechanical and Thermal Performances of Flax/Polypropylene Composites. Polymers. 2020; 12 (2):438.
Chicago/Turabian StylePietro Russo; Libera Vitiello; Francesca Sbardella; Jose I. Santos; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Paola Bracciale; Iván Rivilla; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2020. "Effect of Carbon Nanostructures and Fatty Acid Treatment on the Mechanical and Thermal Performances of Flax/Polypropylene Composites." Polymers 12, no. 2: 438.
The present work investigates the effects of an environmentally friendly treatment based on supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) on the interfacial adhesion of flax fibers with thermoset matrices. In particular, the influence of this green treatment on the mechanical (by single yarn tensile test), thermal (by TGA), and chemical (by FT-IR) properties of commercially available flax yarns was preliminary addressed. Results showed that scCO2 can significantly modify the biochemical composition of flax fibers, by selectively removing lignin and hemicellulose, without altering their thermal stability and, most importantly, their mechanical properties. Single yarn fragmentation test results highlighted an increased interfacial adhesion after scCO2 treatment, especially for the vinylester matrix, in terms of reduced debonding and critical fragment length values compared to the untreated yarns by 18.9% and 15.1%, respectively. The treatment was less effective for epoxy matrix, for which debonding and critical fragment length values were reduced to a lesser extent, by 3.4% and 3.7%, respectively.
Maria Carolina Seghini; Fabienne Touchard; Laurence Chocinski-Arnault; Vincent Placet; Camille François; Laurent Plasseraud; Maria Paola Bracciale; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini. Environmentally Friendly Surface Modification Treatment of Flax Fibers by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Molecules 2020, 25, 438 .
AMA StyleMaria Carolina Seghini, Fabienne Touchard, Laurence Chocinski-Arnault, Vincent Placet, Camille François, Laurent Plasseraud, Maria Paola Bracciale, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini. Environmentally Friendly Surface Modification Treatment of Flax Fibers by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Molecules. 2020; 25 (3):438.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Carolina Seghini; Fabienne Touchard; Laurence Chocinski-Arnault; Vincent Placet; Camille François; Laurent Plasseraud; Maria Paola Bracciale; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2020. "Environmentally Friendly Surface Modification Treatment of Flax Fibers by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Molecules 25, no. 3: 438.
Considering the major role played by sandwich structures in many fields where high stiffness-to-weight ratio is required, the selection of a suitable core material is of paramount importance. In order to face the environmental problems related to waste disposal, the selection of an eco-friendly core material is now included in the design criteria of sandwich structures. Agglomerated cork is recognized as a good solution that combines satisfactory mechanical performances and eco-sustainability. Many research studies individually addressed cork’s morphological, thermal, and mechanical features without providing a comprehensive overview of the relationships that exist between them. In this work, the investigation of the peculiar cork morphology allowed learning more about its good insulation capacity and its impressive recovery capability. The use of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) clarified the influence of temperature on both flexural and compressive performances. The effect of testing parameters such as temperature and speed on agglomerated cork properties was validated through statistical analysis. Moreover, to highlight agglomerated cork advantages and drawbacks, the work provides also a comparison with more traditional polyvinylchloride (PVC) foams commonly used in industrial applications.
Claudia Sergi; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini; Enrique Barbero Pozuelo; Sonia Sanchez Saez; Christoph Burgstaller. The Potential of Agglomerated Cork for Sandwich Structures: A Systematic Investigation of Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties. Polymers 2019, 11, 2118 .
AMA StyleClaudia Sergi, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini, Enrique Barbero Pozuelo, Sonia Sanchez Saez, Christoph Burgstaller. The Potential of Agglomerated Cork for Sandwich Structures: A Systematic Investigation of Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties. Polymers. 2019; 11 (12):2118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Sergi; Jacopo Tirillò; Fabrizio Sarasini; Enrique Barbero Pozuelo; Sonia Sanchez Saez; Christoph Burgstaller. 2019. "The Potential of Agglomerated Cork for Sandwich Structures: A Systematic Investigation of Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties." Polymers 11, no. 12: 2118.
The Achilles heel of thermoplastic natural fibre composites is their limited durability. The environmental degradation of the mechanical properties of hemp and hemp/basalt hybrid-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites has been investigated with a special focus on the effects of water ageing and accelerated ageing, including hygrothermal and UV radiation. Modification of the matrix was carried out using a maleic anhydride high-density polyethylene copolymer (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Hybridization of hemp fibres with basalt fibres and the incorporation of MAPE were found to significantly decrease the water uptake (up to 75%) and increase the retention of mechanical properties after accelerated ageing. Secondary crystallization phenomena occurring in the composites, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, were able to counteract the severe combined effects of hygrothermal stress and UV radiation, with the exception of hemp-fibre composites where permanent damage to the fibres occurred, with 2% and 20% reduction in tensile strength and modulus, respectively, for a 30 wt % hemp fibre-reinforced HDPE.
Claudia Sergi; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Carolina Seghini; Fabrizio Sarasini; Vincenzo Fiore; Tommaso Scalici. Durability of Basalt/Hemp Hybrid Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers 2019, 11, 603 .
AMA StyleClaudia Sergi, Jacopo Tirillò, Maria Carolina Seghini, Fabrizio Sarasini, Vincenzo Fiore, Tommaso Scalici. Durability of Basalt/Hemp Hybrid Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers. 2019; 11 (4):603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Sergi; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Carolina Seghini; Fabrizio Sarasini; Vincenzo Fiore; Tommaso Scalici. 2019. "Durability of Basalt/Hemp Hybrid Thermoplastic Composites." Polymers 11, no. 4: 603.
In an attempt to increase the low-velocity impact response of natural fiber composites, a new hybrid intraply woven fabric based on flax and basalt fibers has been used to manufacture laminates with both thermoplastic and thermoset matrices. The matrix type (epoxy or polypropylene (PP) with or without a maleated coupling agent) significantly affected the absorbed energy and the damage mechanisms. The absorbed energy at perforation for PP-based composites was 90% and 50% higher than that of epoxy and compatibilized PP composites, respectively. The hybrid fiber architecture counteracted the influence of low transverse strength of flax fibers on impact response, irrespective of the matrix type. In thermoplastic laminates, the matrix plasticization delayed the onset of major damage during impact and allowed a better balance of quasi-static properties, energy absorption, peak force, and perforation energy compared to epoxy-based composites.
Fabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Ferrante; Claudia Sergi; Pietro Russo; Giorgio Simeoli; Francesca Cimino; Maria Rosaria Ricciardi; Vincenza Antonucci. Quasi-Static and Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Intraply Hybrid Flax/Basalt Composites. Fibers 2019, 7, 26 .
AMA StyleFabrizio Sarasini, Jacopo Tirillò, Luca Ferrante, Claudia Sergi, Pietro Russo, Giorgio Simeoli, Francesca Cimino, Maria Rosaria Ricciardi, Vincenza Antonucci. Quasi-Static and Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Intraply Hybrid Flax/Basalt Composites. Fibers. 2019; 7 (3):26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Ferrante; Claudia Sergi; Pietro Russo; Giorgio Simeoli; Francesca Cimino; Maria Rosaria Ricciardi; Vincenza Antonucci. 2019. "Quasi-Static and Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Intraply Hybrid Flax/Basalt Composites." Fibers 7, no. 3: 26.
This work presents an evaluation of the performance of Oriented Strand Boards (OSB) panels based on balsa wood (Ochroma Pyramidale) waste agglomerated with castor oil polyurethane resin. In this study, were evaluated OSB panels with different densities (300 kg/m3, 400 kg/m3 and 650 kg/m3), with 10 mm thickness and castor oil polyurethane resin in different contents (11 % and 15 %). The OSB panels were preliminary characterized by physical and quasi-static mechanical tests to identify the class of application of this material according to the recommendations of standard EN 300: 2002. Subsequently, the OSB panels were characterized by low velocity impact tests. Panels with the highest density outperformed those with the lowest one in terms of peak force and perforation energy (Ep = 22.88 J). Both properties are clearly influenced by the better compaction of the particles, as confirmed by the higher value of internal adhesion (0.46 MPa), which resulted also in better residual flexural properties after impact, with a reduction in strength of 36 % for the samples with 650 kg/m3 compared to about 70 % for the samples with the lowest density at an impact energy level equal to 50 % of the respective perforation energy.
G. Barbirato; J. Fiorelli; J. Mejia; F. Sarasini; J. Tirillò; L. Ferrante. Quasi-static and dynamic response of oriented strand boards based on balsa wood waste. Composite Structures 2019, 219, 83 -89.
AMA StyleG. Barbirato, J. Fiorelli, J. Mejia, F. Sarasini, J. Tirillò, L. Ferrante. Quasi-static and dynamic response of oriented strand boards based on balsa wood waste. Composite Structures. 2019; 219 ():83-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Barbirato; J. Fiorelli; J. Mejia; F. Sarasini; J. Tirillò; L. Ferrante. 2019. "Quasi-static and dynamic response of oriented strand boards based on balsa wood waste." Composite Structures 219, no. : 83-89.
The attractive qualities of plastics lead us, around the world, to an enormous need for plastic goods, which results in their unsustainable overconsumption. Bio-based products are the core concept of circular economy, yet this sector suffers from the high cost of their production. In practice, biopolymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), are still limitedly used, due to their expensiveness and not outstanding technological properties. A circular and sustainable solution would be to use waste from the food industry as filler that contributes to reduce the cost of PLA-based materials, thereby encouraging their widespread use. At the same time, this would be a circular approach to wisely upgrade food waste and prevent pollution. Ceramic food waste powder fillers from egg shells and from mussel shells were compounded with PLA at 180 °C to obtain composites, which contain an unprecedented high amount of filler, equal to 140 over 100 parts of PLA. We analyzed volatile organic compounds emitted from PLA and, for the very first time, from its composites via headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The molecular fingerprint of the volatiles comprises only three aldehydes, a ketone, and two lactides. Volatiles typical of fossil plastics, that are causative factors of hormone disruption or reproductive dysfunction, are effectively missing. Scanning electron microscopy, used to examine the structure of the composite, indicates that both the egg shells and the mussel shells are suitable fillers, in that they form a sufficiently strong interface with the polymer.
Teresa Cecchi; Arianna Giuliani; Federica Iacopini; Carlo Santulli; Fabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò. Unprecedented high percentage of food waste powder filler in poly lactic acid green composites: synthesis, characterization, and volatile profile. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 7263 -7271.
AMA StyleTeresa Cecchi, Arianna Giuliani, Federica Iacopini, Carlo Santulli, Fabrizio Sarasini, Jacopo Tirillò. Unprecedented high percentage of food waste powder filler in poly lactic acid green composites: synthesis, characterization, and volatile profile. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (7):7263-7271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeresa Cecchi; Arianna Giuliani; Federica Iacopini; Carlo Santulli; Fabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò. 2019. "Unprecedented high percentage of food waste powder filler in poly lactic acid green composites: synthesis, characterization, and volatile profile." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 7: 7263-7271.
Nowadays, there is a growing interest for the use and development of materials synthesized from renewable sources in the polymer composites manufacturing industry; this applies for both matrix and reinforcement components. In the present research, flax fibers embedded in an epoxy resin have been proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional synthetic composites. In addition, this material system has been combined with agglomerated cork as core material for the fabrication of sandwich structures. The objective of this article is to analyze the suitability of using such green sandwich structures in applications where energy absorption due to low velocity impacts can be of importance. Therefore green sandwich specimens with flax/epoxy face sheets and agglomerated cork as core have been manufactured and subjected to low velocity impacts at different energies. After the mechanical characterization of both skin and core material, a numerical model has been implemented through the non-linear dynamic code LS-DYNA. The FE analysis has been able to reproduce with a good level of accuracy the deformation mechanisms and the load-displacement diagrams for each energy level.
Simonetta Boria; Elena Raponi; Fabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Lampani. Green sandwich structures under impact: experimental vs numerical analysis. Procedia Structural Integrity 2018, 12, 317 -329.
AMA StyleSimonetta Boria, Elena Raponi, Fabrizio Sarasini, Jacopo Tirillò, Luca Lampani. Green sandwich structures under impact: experimental vs numerical analysis. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2018; 12 ():317-329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimonetta Boria; Elena Raponi; Fabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Lampani. 2018. "Green sandwich structures under impact: experimental vs numerical analysis." Procedia Structural Integrity 12, no. : 317-329.
In an attempt to reduce the elevated processing temperature and pressure required for a prolonged period for consolidation of components made from prepreg in conventional fiber metal laminates (FMLs), thermoplastic matrix FMLs, known as TFMLs, have recently been introduced. The present work is an experimental study on the low velocity impact response of a TFML based on thin layers of an aluminum alloy and a polypropylene (PP) matrix reinforced with basalt fibers. The response of the TFML based on basalt fibers under low velocity impact loading is evaluated, where the effect of varying the stacking configuration of the constituent materials is studied, with the results being compared to those offered by glass fiber/PP reinforced FMLs, basalt/epoxy reinforced FMLs and neat aluminum. The results show that basalt TFMLs behaved better than aluminum plates and glass TFMLs, especially for the energy level causing FC (first crack) due to a greater deformation ability of basalt fiber metal laminates.
Fabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Ferrante; Claudia Sergi; Pietro Russo; Giorgio Simeoli; Andrea Calzolari. The Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Fiber-Metal Laminates Based on Glass And Basalt Fibers. American Society for Composites 2018 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleFabrizio Sarasini, Jacopo Tirillò, Luca Ferrante, Claudia Sergi, Pietro Russo, Giorgio Simeoli, Andrea Calzolari. The Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Fiber-Metal Laminates Based on Glass And Basalt Fibers. American Society for Composites 2018. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Ferrante; Claudia Sergi; Pietro Russo; Giorgio Simeoli; Andrea Calzolari. 2018. "The Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Fiber-Metal Laminates Based on Glass And Basalt Fibers." American Society for Composites 2018 , no. : 1.
Fabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò; Antonio Zuorro; Gianluca Maffei; Roberto Lavecchia; Debora Puglia; Franco Dominici; Francesca Luzi; Teodoro Valente; Luigi Torre. Recycling coffee silverskin in sustainable composites based on a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrix. Industrial Crops and Products 2018, 118, 311 -320.
AMA StyleFabrizio Sarasini, Jacopo Tirillò, Antonio Zuorro, Gianluca Maffei, Roberto Lavecchia, Debora Puglia, Franco Dominici, Francesca Luzi, Teodoro Valente, Luigi Torre. Recycling coffee silverskin in sustainable composites based on a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrix. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018; 118 ():311-320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabrizio Sarasini; Jacopo Tirillò; Antonio Zuorro; Gianluca Maffei; Roberto Lavecchia; Debora Puglia; Franco Dominici; Francesca Luzi; Teodoro Valente; Luigi Torre. 2018. "Recycling coffee silverskin in sustainable composites based on a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrix." Industrial Crops and Products 118, no. : 311-320.