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Simon Borg
Department of Environmental Design, Faculty for the Built Environment, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta

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Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Energies
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The general consensus among academics is that the spatio-temporal humidity distribution is more or less uniform in an indoor space. This has, for the large part, not yet been proven by an academic study; subsequently, this paper aims to demonstrate that this is not always true. The paper makes use of a validated transient CFD model, which uses the Low Reynolds Number k- ϵ turbulence model. The model simulates people in a room at a constant skin temperature and emitting a constant source of humidity using source terms in the species equation. The model is eventually used to predict the implications of having a high source of humidity, in the form of occupancy, on the micro-climate’s spatio-temporal humidity distribution. The results for the high-occupancy case show that different locations experience various amounts of humid air, with a 31% difference between the lowest and highest locations. The amount of water vapor in each person’s proximity is deemed to be highly dependent on the flow of the inlet jet, with the people farthest from the jet having an overall less mass of water vapor in their proximity over the two-hour experimental period. This paper has concluded that there are, in fact, cases where the humidity non-uniformity inside an interior environment becomes substantial in situations of high occupancy. The results of this paper may be useful to improve the design of HVAC systems.

ACS Style

Matthew Bonello; Daniel Micallef; Simon Paul Borg. Humidity Distribution in High-Occupancy Indoor Micro-Climates. Energies 2021, 14, 681 .

AMA Style

Matthew Bonello, Daniel Micallef, Simon Paul Borg. Humidity Distribution in High-Occupancy Indoor Micro-Climates. Energies. 2021; 14 (3):681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthew Bonello; Daniel Micallef; Simon Paul Borg. 2021. "Humidity Distribution in High-Occupancy Indoor Micro-Climates." Energies 14, no. 3: 681.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Despite ample technological advancements, the building industry is still seen as an unsustainable activity. To counteract this, building development is now being requested to be more sustainable. Due to the increasing complexity of sustainable projects’ criteria, the project manager’s role, tasked with the overall management of a building’s different development phases, is changing, becoming increasingly crucial for the attainment of pre-established sustainability goals. Based on this premise, the research presented in this paper is a pilot study set to preliminarily establish and identify a set of project management processes and supporting practices from existing literature, and gauge their significance and possible added value provided. This was done via a purposely designed questionnaire distributed locally, in Malta, and globally amongst established project managers. Notwithstanding the preliminary nature of the study some interesting results were obtained. Among the main outcomes of the study, it is observed how all respondents are very aware about sustainability issues and that their decision-making role places them in an optimum position to bring forward a sustainability agenda for a particular project. In terms of intervention, pre-construction (43%) and construction (28%) were considered to be the main stages were a project manager usually gives the highest input. However, various challenges were also highlighted by the respondents, including clients’ refusal to commit increased capital (34%), the requirement for further training (33%), and the lack of incentives aimed towards increasing the sustainability of projects (22%).

ACS Style

Ruth Borg; Rebecca Dalli Gonzi; Simon Borg. Building Sustainably: A Pilot Study on the Project Manager’s Contribution in Delivering Sustainable Construction Projects—A Maltese and International Perspective. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10162 .

AMA Style

Ruth Borg, Rebecca Dalli Gonzi, Simon Borg. Building Sustainably: A Pilot Study on the Project Manager’s Contribution in Delivering Sustainable Construction Projects—A Maltese and International Perspective. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruth Borg; Rebecca Dalli Gonzi; Simon Borg. 2020. "Building Sustainably: A Pilot Study on the Project Manager’s Contribution in Delivering Sustainable Construction Projects—A Maltese and International Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10162.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2020 in Energies
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One parameter that may affect the performance of a ground source heat pump is the shank-space, the center-to-center distance between the two branches of a vertical U-tube used in a ground heat exchanger. A 3D steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a U-tube ground heat exchanger was used to investigate the influence of varying shank-space on the thermal performance of two isolated vertical shallow U-tubes, one 20 m deep and the other 40 m deep, given that most existing research focuses on systems making use of deeper boreholes. The models adopt an innovative approach, whereby the U-junction at the bottom of the U-tube is eliminated, thus facilitating the computational process. The results obtained show that, although the temperature drop across the U-tube varies for different shank-spaces and is lowest and highest for the closest and the widest shank-spaces, respectively, this temperature drop is not linear with increases in shank-space, and the thermal performance improvement drastically diminishes with increasing shank-space. This indicates that, for shallow U-tubes, the temperature drop is more dependent on the length of the pipework.

ACS Style

Christopher Vella; Simon Paul Borg; Daniel Micallef. The Effect of Shank-Space on the Thermal Performance of Shallow Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers. Energies 2020, 13, 602 .

AMA Style

Christopher Vella, Simon Paul Borg, Daniel Micallef. The Effect of Shank-Space on the Thermal Performance of Shallow Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers. Energies. 2020; 13 (3):602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Vella; Simon Paul Borg; Daniel Micallef. 2020. "The Effect of Shank-Space on the Thermal Performance of Shallow Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers." Energies 13, no. 3: 602.