Background: High concentrate (HC) diet-induced oxidative stress causes gut epithelial damages associated with apoptosis. Selenium (Se) being an integral component of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) plays an important role in antioxidant defense system. Therefore, increasing dietary Se level would alleviate HC diet-induced injuries in gut mucosa. The present study investigated eighteen cross-bred goats, randomly divided into three groups (n = 6/group) fed either low concentrate (LC, roughage: concentrate ratio 65:35), high concentrate (HC, 35:65) or HC plus Se (HC-SY) diets for 10 weeks. Se was supplemented at the dose rate of 0.5 mg Se kg^− 1 diet in the form of selenium yeast. The background Se level in HC and LC diets were 0.15 and 0.035 mg.kg^− 1 diet, respectively. The Se at the dose of 0.115 mg.kg^− 1 diet was added in LC diet to make its concentration equivalent to HC diet and with the supplementation of 0.5 mg Se kg^− 1, the goats in group HC-SY received total Se by 0.65 mg.kg^− 1 diet. Results: The molar concentrations of individual and total short chain fatty acids (TSCFA) significantly increased (P < 0.05) with simultaneous decrease in pH of colonic fluid in goats of HC and HC-SY groups compared with LC goats. HC diet induced loss of epithelial integrity, inflammation and loss of goblet cells in colonic mucosa associated with higher lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in colonic fluid whereas, the addition of SY in HC diet alleviated such damaging changes. Compared with LC, the HC diet elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level with concurrent decrease in GSH-Px and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, while SY supplementation attenuated these changes and improved antioxidant status in colonic epithelium. Moreover, epithelial injury and oxidative stress in colon of HC goats were associated with increased apoptosis as evidenced by downregulation of bcl2 and upregulation of bax, caspases 3 and 8 mRNA expressions compared with LC goats. On contrary, addition of SY in HC (HC-SY) diet alleviated these changes by modulating expression of apoptotic genes in colonic epithelium. Conclusions: Our data suggest that supranutritional level of Se attenuates HC diet-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and thereby minimizes the epithelial injury in colon of goats.

We examined whether surplus dietary selenium (Se) supply could alleviate high concentrate (HC) diet‐induced hepatic oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Eighteen young goats were distributed into three groups; were fed low (LC, concentrate: forage; 35: 65), high concentrate (HC, 65: 35), or Se‐supplemented HC (HCSe, 65: 35 + 0.5 mg Se kg⁻¹ diet) diets for 10 weeks. Short chain fatty acids, OS markers and immunoinflammatory genes expressions were assessed through gas chromatograph, kits, and RT‐qPCR, respectively. Compared with LC, HC diet increased (p < .05) colonic and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and induced hepatic oxidative injury by increasing (p < .05) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreasing (p < .05) activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. HC diet altered hepatic mRNA expressions of toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4), cluster of differentiation‐14 (CD‐14), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), TNF receptor‐associated factor‐6 (TRAF‐6), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐10, IL‐13, LPS‐binding protein (LBP), serum amyloid A (SAA), α‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), and albumin (ALB). Conversely, extra‐Se supply lowered LPS and attenuated antioxidant status and inflammation in liver. In conclusion, HC diet induced oxidative lesions and TLR‐4 pathway‐mediated inflammation, whereas supranutritional Se alleviated oxidative and inflammatory lesions through TLR‐4 pathway regulation in goat liver.

Effect of Dietary Selenium Yeast Supplementation on Morphology and Antioxidant Status in Testes of Young Goat

Influence of Dietary Selenium Yeast Supplementation on Fermentation Pattern, Papillae Morphology and Antioxidant Status in Rumen of Goat

Selenium (Se) a crucial micronutrient, is required in many biochemical processes in animals. Supranutritional levels of Se in the diet have been suggested to potentially enhance meat quality in livestock. However, limited research exists on the impact of dietary supranutritional Se on meat quality in goats. Objective: To evaluate the influence of dietary supranutritional Se on goat muscle meat quality, examining pH, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking and drip losses, moisture, protein, fat, ash, and glycogen contents. Methods: Sixteen male goats were randomly grouped into two viz., A and B (n = 8 per group) and offered basal diets without (group A) or with addition of Se (group B) for 10 weeks. Meat samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles at the completion of trial and the physico-chemical characteristics were determined. Results: Supranutritional Se supplementation resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) WHC and lower (P < 0.05) cooking and drip losses in both LD and SM muscles compared with control. Additionally, the protein and fat contents were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) and the ash contents lowered (P < 0.05) in both LD and SM muscles of goats fed Se supplemented diet compared with control. However, the pH and glycogen contents were not altered (P > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusions: The findings of present trial demonstrated that supranutritional Se supplementation improved the quality of goat meat, contributing to its nutritional value and consumer acceptance.

Antioxidant mechanisms and the prevention of cellular damage depend heavily on selenium (Se). Goats fed high concentrate (HC) diets experience oxidative stress as a result of aberrant rumen fermentation, which raises the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This study evaluated the effect of dietary Se on LPS concentration and antioxidant activity in blood serum of goats fed HC diet. Thirty cross-bred goats (12-16 weeks, 11-13 kg) were randomly kept in three groups: LC (low concentrate diet), HC (high concentrate diet), and HC-SY (HC + Se-yeast @ 0.5 mg/kg diet) for 10 weeks. LPS content and oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in blood serum. LPS concentration was decreased (P < 0.001) in HC-SY than HC group. Antioxidant status of oxidative stress biomarkers improved with a significant decrease (P < 0.001) of MDA level in HC-SY compared to HC. GSH-Px activity decreased in HC as compared LC, but it escalated (P < 0.001) in HC-SY compared to other groups. SOD activity reduced in group HC However, it significantly increased (P < 0.001) in Se supplemented group than in HC. CAT activity increased (P < 0.01) in group HC-SY than in HC but it was non-significant (P > 0.05) among LC and HC. TAC activity increased (P < 0.05) in HC-SY than HC. In conclusion, HC diet supplemented with dietary Se showed ameliorative effects in blood serum by enhanced antioxidant activity and alleviated LPS content in goats compared to HC diet.