Selenium (Se) is an important microelement with numerous positive effects on human health and diseases. It is important to specify that the status and consumption of Se are for a specific community as the levels of Se are extremely unpredictable between different populations and regions. Our existing paper was based on the impacts of Se on human health and disease along with data on the Se levels in Middle Eastern countries. Overall, the findings of this comprehensive review show that the consumption and levels of Se are inadequate in Middle Eastern nations. Such findings, together with the growing awareness of the importance of Se to general health, require further work primarily on creating an acceptable range of blood Se concentration or other measures to determine optimal Se consumption and, consequently, to guarantee adequate Se supplementation in populations at high risk of low Se intake.

Plant production today depends on the ability of agriculturists to transport and recycle minerals, particularly those minerals which are nutritionally important to animals and human beings, through various agriculture products. It is important to note that the attenuation of these mineral deposits by green plants, as well as their subsequent role in the production of organic compounds, is fundamental to almost all known forms of life. Selenium (Se) is among those trace mineral which are crucial for the maintenance of plant physiology. The significance, production, and biological effects of this element, as well as its application in sustainable development, are remaining an interesting topic of discussion. Moreover, there has been a huge rise in the potential applications of nanotechnology in the food and agriculture industries. Several studies have been conducted on the various biological activities of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and their biosynthesis. There is plenty of research performed on the effects of Se in plant nutrition and physiology, but there is a lack of information about the effects of SeNPs in SeNPs toxicity, and other aspects of using SeNPs in agriculture. The current review is focused on recent information related to the effects and fate of SeNPs in agronomy. We also aimed attention at the primary sources and behavior of Se in different environments, such as soil, water, air, and plants. All the data provides an extremely fertile domain for future investigation and research.

Compounds derived from plants have several anticancer properties. In the current study, one guaiane-type sesquiterpene dimer, vieloplain F, isolated from Xylopia vielana species, was tested against B-Raf kinase protein (PDB: 3OG7), a potent target for melanoma. A comprehensive in silico analysis was conducted in this research to understand the pharmacological properties of a compound encompassing absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), bioactivity score predictions, and molecular docking. During ADMET estimations, the FDA-approved medicine vemurafenib was hepatotoxic, cytochrome-inhibiting, and non-cardiotoxic compared to the vieloplain F. The bioactivity scores of vieloplain F were active for nuclear receptor ligand and enzyme inhibitor. During molecular docking experiments, the compound vieloplain F has displayed a higher binding potential with −11.8 kcal/mol energy than control vemurafenib −10.2 kcal/mol. It was shown that intermolecular interaction with the B-Raf complex and the enzyme’s active gorge through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic contacts was very accurate for the compound vieloplain F, which was then examined for MD simulations. In addition, simulations using MM-GBSA showed that vieloplain F had the greatest propensity to bind to active site residues. The vieloplain F has predominantly represented a more robust profile compared to control vemurafenib, and these results opened the road for vieloplain F for its utilization as a plausible anti-melanoma agent and anticancer drug in the next era.

Ferroptosis is a recently described programmed cell death mechanism that is characterized by the buildup of iron (Fe)-dependent lipid peroxides in cells and is morphologically, biochemically, and genetically distinct from other forms of cell death, having emerged to play an important role in cancer biology. Ferroptosis has significant importance during cancer treatment because of the combination of factors, including suppression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), cysteine deficiency, and arachidonoyl (AA) peroxidation, which cause cells to undergo ferroptosis. However, the physiological significance of ferroptosis throughout development is still not fully understood. This current review is focused on the factors and molecular mechanisms with the diagrammatic illustrations of ferroptosis that have a role in the initiation and sensitivity of ferroptosis in various malignancies. This knowledge will open a new road for research in oncology and cancer management.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element crucial for thyroid function, participating in the production and metabolism of thyroid hormones and the immune system. It engages in synthesizing selenoproteins, which are essential for antioxidant defense and regulating thyroid hormone levels. It is crucial to convert thyroxine (T4) into the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) via deiodinase activity and safeguard thyroid cells from oxidative damage. Therefore, thyroid dysfunction, including abnormalities in thyroid hormone synthesis and the emergence of autoimmune thyroid conditions such as Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, has been linked to Se deficiency. When evaluating the benefits of Se supplementation, it is crucial to recognize that excessive mineral intake may be detrimental and result in adverse consequences, including gastrointestinal disturbances and neurological problems. The effectiveness of Se-based therapies is influenced by individual characteristics, including hereditary anomalies in thyroid function and Se metabolism. Further research should be performed on personalized Se supplementation approaches using genetics and nanotechnology to optimize the bioavailability and efficacy of the supplements. This study aims to thoroughly examine Se’s role in thyroid health and how its therapeutic use in thyroid-related diseases may be optimized via appropriate dosing.

Selenium is an essential compound which can influence the fertility of boars by a greater margin. In past decades, research was mainly focused on a bioavailability of various selenium forms and the effect on semen quality. Recently, nanotechnology has expanded the possibilities of selenium supplementation research. Twenty-one Duroc boars (three groups with seven boars each) were included in this experiment with the first group being a control group with no selenium supplementation, and the second group being supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg of selenium in inorganic form of Na₂SeO₃. The third group was supplemented with selenium nanoparticles (100 nm) at the same dose as that of the second group. The experiment lasted for 126 days (three spermatogenesis cycles of boars) and the antioxidant parameters of boar semen were analysed at 42, 84 and 126 days, respectively. The antioxidant parameters (DPPH, FRAP, DMPD, GSH, GSSG) were not influenced by both Se₂NO₃ and selenium nanoparticle supplementation during this experiment. At the end of the monitored period, significantly higher (p < 0.004) antioxidant readings were observed by using the ABTS method but not the DPPH, DMPD and FRAP methods on the supplemented groups compared to the control. Moreover, selenium-nanoparticle-supplemented groups showed elevated glutathione peroxidase activity in the seminal fluid (p < 0.008). However, the selenium nanoparticle supplementation has not shown an improving effect on sperm quality. This could be considered as a safe alternative to inorganic selenium as well as having a potential to enhance the antioxidant properties of the semen of boars.