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Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) is a primary remote sensing tool utilized in land-cover mapping and change detection. Land-cover patches are the primary data source for landscape metrics and ecological indicator calculations; however, their application to visual landscape character (VLC) indicators was little investigated to date. To bridge the knowledge gap between GEOBIA and VLC, this paper puts forward the theoretical concept of using viewpoint as a landscape imageability indicator into the practice of a multi-temporal land-cover case study and explains how to interpret the indicator. The study extends the application of GEOBIA to visual landscape indicator calculations. In doing so, eight different remote sensing imageries are the object of GEOBIA, starting from a historical aerial photograph (1957) and CORONA declassified scene (1965) to contemporary (2018) UAV-delivered imagery. The multi-temporal GEOBIA-delivered land-cover patches are utilized to find the minimal isovist set of viewpoints and to calculate three imageability indicators: the number, density, and spacing of viewpoints. The calculated indicator values, viewpoint rank, and spatial arrangements allow us to describe the scale, direction, rate, and reasons for VLC changes over the analyzed 60 years of landscape evolution. We found that the case study nature reserve (“Kózki”, Poland) landscape imageability transformed from visually impressive openness to imageability due to the impression of several landscape rooms enclosed by forest walls. Our results provide proof that the number, rank, and spatial arrangement of viewpoints constitute landscape imageability measured with the proposed indicators. Discussing the method’s technical limitations, we believe that our findings contribute to a better understanding of land-cover change impact on visual landscape structure dynamics and further VLC indicator development.
Szymon Chmielewski; Andrzej Bochniak; Asya Natapov; Piotr Wężyk. Introducing GEOBIA to Landscape Imageability Assessment: A Multi-Temporal Case Study of the Nature Reserve “Kózki”, Poland. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 2792 .
AMA StyleSzymon Chmielewski, Andrzej Bochniak, Asya Natapov, Piotr Wężyk. Introducing GEOBIA to Landscape Imageability Assessment: A Multi-Temporal Case Study of the Nature Reserve “Kózki”, Poland. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (17):2792.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzymon Chmielewski; Andrzej Bochniak; Asya Natapov; Piotr Wężyk. 2020. "Introducing GEOBIA to Landscape Imageability Assessment: A Multi-Temporal Case Study of the Nature Reserve “Kózki”, Poland." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17: 2792.
The operation of an agricultural biogas plant is associated with the formation of a large amount of digestate. The basic trend in digestate management, after taking into account its physicochemical properties, should be its use as a fertilizer. The possibility of the agricultural use of digestate as a fertilizer was determined. Digestate obtained from the agricultural biogas plant was tested for the content of macronutrients and heavy metals. The content of macronutrients was also determined in soil for winter rape cultivation. The analysis showed an increase in the yield depending on the digestate dose applied. In addition, an increase in the fat and protein content was found in winter rape seeds. The best results of mean values were obtained during the application of the 50,000 L ha−1 dose. The average diameter of the stem base was 1.48 cm. The average height was 36.20 cm. The seed yield was 3.44 t ha−1. The thousand seed weight was - 5.34 g. The fat and protein contents were 43.62% and 22.95%, respectively. By applying a digestate dose of 50,000 l ha−1, the highest content of macronutrients, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (31.17%), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (61.89%) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (6.87%), was recorded.
Milan Koszel; Stanisław Parafiniuk; Agnieszka Szparaga; Andrzej Bochniak; Sławomir Kocira; Atanas Zdravkov Atanasov; Stepan Kovalyshyn. Impact of Digestate Application as a Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Winter Rape Seed. Agronomy 2020, 10, 878 .
AMA StyleMilan Koszel, Stanisław Parafiniuk, Agnieszka Szparaga, Andrzej Bochniak, Sławomir Kocira, Atanas Zdravkov Atanasov, Stepan Kovalyshyn. Impact of Digestate Application as a Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Winter Rape Seed. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (6):878.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilan Koszel; Stanisław Parafiniuk; Agnieszka Szparaga; Andrzej Bochniak; Sławomir Kocira; Atanas Zdravkov Atanasov; Stepan Kovalyshyn. 2020. "Impact of Digestate Application as a Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Winter Rape Seed." Agronomy 10, no. 6: 878.
The studies were conducted in a forest settlement in Roztocze National Park (eastern Poland). The aim of the study was to evaluate the vegetation of two pastures depending on the type of use in the context of grassland protection, identify the trends of species composition changes, and analyse...
Mariusz Kulik; Marianna Warda; Adam Gawryluk; Andrzej Bochniak; Krzysztof Patkowski; Antoni Lipiec; Tomasz M. Gruszecki; Michał Pluta; Elżbieta Bielińska; Barbara Futa. Grazing of Native Livestock Breeds as a Method of Grassland Protection in Roztocze National Park, Eastern Poland. Journal of Ecological Engineering 2020, 21, 61 -69.
AMA StyleMariusz Kulik, Marianna Warda, Adam Gawryluk, Andrzej Bochniak, Krzysztof Patkowski, Antoni Lipiec, Tomasz M. Gruszecki, Michał Pluta, Elżbieta Bielińska, Barbara Futa. Grazing of Native Livestock Breeds as a Method of Grassland Protection in Roztocze National Park, Eastern Poland. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2020; 21 (3):61-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariusz Kulik; Marianna Warda; Adam Gawryluk; Andrzej Bochniak; Krzysztof Patkowski; Antoni Lipiec; Tomasz M. Gruszecki; Michał Pluta; Elżbieta Bielińska; Barbara Futa. 2020. "Grazing of Native Livestock Breeds as a Method of Grassland Protection in Roztocze National Park, Eastern Poland." Journal of Ecological Engineering 21, no. 3: 61-69.
In the era of sustainable agriculture, the issue of proper and precise implementation of agrotechnical operations, without harmful effects on the natural environment, begins to play an important role. Statistical tools also become important, for example, when assessing the malfunction of plant cultivation equipment. The study presents a comparison of six nonparametric bootstrap methods used for construction of confidence intervals for the expected value of an average diameter of droplet stains following the spraying process. The simulation tests were carried out based on experiment with nozzle sprayer Lechler 110-03 using two spray nozzles: a new one and an old one. It was assumed that the distribution of the droplet stain size was consistent with the lognormal distribution. The paper considers the influence of the sample size, mean value and standard deviation of the droplet stain diameter on the interval range as well as on the estimated coverage probabilities of the confidence intervals. It was shown that in general these methods can be applied for this purpose. For the double bootstrap method and the studentized method, the empirical confidence levels of the constructed intervals turned out to be less distinct than the assumed level but the lengths of these intervals were greater than the lengths of intervals obtained using the other four methods.
Andrzej Bochniak; Paweł Artur Kluza; Izabela Kuna-Broniowska; Milan Koszel. Application of Non-Parametric Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for Evaluation of the Expected Value of the Droplet Stain Diameter Following the Spraying Process. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7037 .
AMA StyleAndrzej Bochniak, Paweł Artur Kluza, Izabela Kuna-Broniowska, Milan Koszel. Application of Non-Parametric Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for Evaluation of the Expected Value of the Droplet Stain Diameter Following the Spraying Process. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7037.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Bochniak; Paweł Artur Kluza; Izabela Kuna-Broniowska; Milan Koszel. 2019. "Application of Non-Parametric Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for Evaluation of the Expected Value of the Droplet Stain Diameter Following the Spraying Process." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7037.
The natural form of feeding for all herbivorous species is grazing. Primarily local breeds should be grazed on natural grasslands, as they are resistant to adverse weather conditions, are likely to get nutritional requirements fulfilled on the grazing, and are highly resistant to disease. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the means and intensity of use of permanent grasslands on vegetation and its nutritional value in the context of animal welfare. We hypothesized that natural grazing of animals contributes to the preservation of high floristic diversity in areas of natural value. The research was conducted in 2016 in a mountainous region (500–600 m above sea level) directly adjacent to Magura National Park (Southern Poland, DMS: 49º31′47.944" N 21º30′25.747" E) and constituting its buffer zone. Extensive grazing of local livestock (sheep and cattle) was shown to have a positive impact on their welfare and on the biodiversity of grassland ecosystems by preventing secondary forest succession, and it can be used in areas of natural value for active nature conservation.
Witold Chabuz; Mariusz Kulik; Wioletta Sawicka-Zugaj; Paweł Żółkiewski; Marianna Warda; Michał Pluta; Antoni Lipiec; Andrzej Bochniak; Jan Zdulski. Impact of the type of use of permanent grasslands areas in mountainous regions on the floristic diversity of habitats and animal welfare. Global Ecology and Conservation 2019, 19, e00629 .
AMA StyleWitold Chabuz, Mariusz Kulik, Wioletta Sawicka-Zugaj, Paweł Żółkiewski, Marianna Warda, Michał Pluta, Antoni Lipiec, Andrzej Bochniak, Jan Zdulski. Impact of the type of use of permanent grasslands areas in mountainous regions on the floristic diversity of habitats and animal welfare. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2019; 19 ():e00629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWitold Chabuz; Mariusz Kulik; Wioletta Sawicka-Zugaj; Paweł Żółkiewski; Marianna Warda; Michał Pluta; Antoni Lipiec; Andrzej Bochniak; Jan Zdulski. 2019. "Impact of the type of use of permanent grasslands areas in mountainous regions on the floristic diversity of habitats and animal welfare." Global Ecology and Conservation 19, no. : e00629.
W artykule poruszony został problem wyznaczenia liczby obserwacji niezbędnej do poprawnego stosowania nieparametrycznego testu Manna‑Whitneya. W rozważaniach rozpatrywane są próby pochodzące z populacji o rozkładzie Pareto. Korzystając z metody podanej przez G. E. Noethera, szacowany jest rozmiar próby, który gwarantuje, że test Manna‑Whitneya ma z góry ustaloną moc 1 – β na danym poziomie istotności α. W pracy teoretyczna moc testu jest porównywana z mocą empiryczną oszacowaną przez symulacje komputerowe. Ponadto badany jest wpływ różnych metod zaokrąglania estymowanej wielkości próby do liczby parzystej, gdy porównywane są dwie równoliczne próby.
Andrzej Kornacki; Andrzej Bochniak. Badania symulacyjne związane z wyznaczaniem liczebności próby w teście Manna‑Whitneya w przypadku rozkładu Pareto. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 2019, 1, 27 -42.
AMA StyleAndrzej Kornacki, Andrzej Bochniak. Badania symulacyjne związane z wyznaczaniem liczebności próby w teście Manna‑Whitneya w przypadku rozkładu Pareto. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica. 2019; 1 (340):27-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Kornacki; Andrzej Bochniak. 2019. "Badania symulacyjne związane z wyznaczaniem liczebności próby w teście Manna‑Whitneya w przypadku rozkładu Pareto." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 1, no. 340: 27-42.
Jacek Wawrzosek; Szymon Ignaciuk; Andrzej Bochniak. Selected problems of ambiguity of the dual price of water in the post-optimization analysis of the water supply system. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 2019, 21, 329 -340.
AMA StyleJacek Wawrzosek, Szymon Ignaciuk, Andrzej Bochniak. Selected problems of ambiguity of the dual price of water in the post-optimization analysis of the water supply system. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability. 2019; 21 (2):329-340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Wawrzosek; Szymon Ignaciuk; Andrzej Bochniak. 2019. "Selected problems of ambiguity of the dual price of water in the post-optimization analysis of the water supply system." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 21, no. 2: 329-340.
The aim of this study is to present the application of statistical methods to assess the possibility of grouping precipitation according to their elevation above sea level and precipitation levels in the temperate climate of Poland. The country was divided into regions with similar levels of precipitation using cluster analysis by Ward’s method. The study was performed with meteorological data on average monthly precipitation of 53 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2010. The selection of stations was dictated by the need to consider the variability in amounts of annual precipitation throughout the country. The data was used to calculate average annual precipitation total as well as average precipitation total in the summer half-year (from May to October) and the winter half-year (from November to April) for Poland, from 1981 to 2010. Statistical method was performed and six clusters were generated, for the elevation of the stations and average annual precipitation as well as average precipitation for hydrological half-years. The average annual precipitation for the clusters ranged from 530 mm (cluster 5) to 820 mm (cluster 2). The average precipitation for the winter hydrological half-year ranged from 190.1 mm (cluster 1) to 288.8 mm (cluster 5). The average precipitation for the summer hydrological half-year ranged from 326.3 mm (cluster 5) to 605 mm (cluster 2). The conclusions from the analysis carried out in the study are that: (1) grouping by means of Ward’s method can be used to distinguish homogeneous areas with the same levels of precipitation; (2) both precipitation and the elevation, at which meteorological stations are located, are the basis for distinguishing clusters in Ward’s method.
Agnieszka Cupak; Agnieszka Ziernicka-Wojtaszek; Joanna Krużel; Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski; Andrzej Wałęga; Antoni Grzywna; Andrzej Bochniak; Radomir Obroślak; Andrzej Mazur; Artur Serafin. The use of hierarchical cluster analysis for grouping atmospheric precipitation in Poland. E3S Web of Conferences 2019, 86, 00018 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Cupak, Agnieszka Ziernicka-Wojtaszek, Joanna Krużel, Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski, Andrzej Wałęga, Antoni Grzywna, Andrzej Bochniak, Radomir Obroślak, Andrzej Mazur, Artur Serafin. The use of hierarchical cluster analysis for grouping atmospheric precipitation in Poland. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019; 86 ():00018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Cupak; Agnieszka Ziernicka-Wojtaszek; Joanna Krużel; Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski; Andrzej Wałęga; Antoni Grzywna; Andrzej Bochniak; Radomir Obroślak; Andrzej Mazur; Artur Serafin. 2019. "The use of hierarchical cluster analysis for grouping atmospheric precipitation in Poland." E3S Web of Conferences 86, no. : 00018.
The aim of the research was to determine the impact of biofuels from waste materials of plant and animal origin on the parameters of the common rail power supply system in the utility engine. The tests included identification of power system operation parameters in the whole load range of the tested engine, taking into account the limit and diagnostic parameters of the injectors operation. Then, for certain parameters, the engine injectors were tested on the test bench: injection pressure in the range of 25-135 MPa, injection time in the range of 200-1600 μs. In the tests, as reference fuel for testing injectors were used diesel fuel and three types of methyl esters of higher fatty acids: vegetable, animal and WCO origin. The measurements for individual fuels were made in the operating temperature range 30-60°C. The tests have shown significant changes in the volume of the fuel injection rates depending on the fuel used. Particularly, visible changes concerned the power system operation parameters for high engine speeds and the maximum working pressure of the common rail system in the engine.
Paweł Krzaczek; Arkadiusz Rybak; Andrzej Bochniak. The impact of selected biofuels on the performance parameters of the Common Rail power system in the utility engine. MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 234, 03004 .
AMA StylePaweł Krzaczek, Arkadiusz Rybak, Andrzej Bochniak. The impact of selected biofuels on the performance parameters of the Common Rail power system in the utility engine. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 234 ():03004.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaweł Krzaczek; Arkadiusz Rybak; Andrzej Bochniak. 2018. "The impact of selected biofuels on the performance parameters of the Common Rail power system in the utility engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 234, no. : 03004.
Paweł Żółkiewski; Waldemar Teter; Ewa Janus; Piotr Stanek; Ewelina Flis; Andrzej Bochniak; Monika Różańska-Boczula; Witold Chabuz. Estimating economic and production losses in relation to locomotion score in primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2018, 46, 1424 -1429.
AMA StylePaweł Żółkiewski, Waldemar Teter, Ewa Janus, Piotr Stanek, Ewelina Flis, Andrzej Bochniak, Monika Różańska-Boczula, Witold Chabuz. Estimating economic and production losses in relation to locomotion score in primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2018; 46 (1):1424-1429.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaweł Żółkiewski; Waldemar Teter; Ewa Janus; Piotr Stanek; Ewelina Flis; Andrzej Bochniak; Monika Różańska-Boczula; Witold Chabuz. 2018. "Estimating economic and production losses in relation to locomotion score in primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian cows." Journal of Applied Animal Research 46, no. 1: 1424-1429.
Summary This paper discusses the problem of determining the number of observations necessary to apply the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. We describe the method given by Noether (1987) for determining a sample size which guarantees that the Mann-Whitney test at a given significance level α has a predetermined power 1-β. The presented theory is tested by calculating the empirical power in computer simulations. The paper also raises the issue of the method of rounding the determined sample size to an even number when the sample is divided into two equinumerous subsamples.
Andrzej Kornacki; Andrzej Bochniak; Agnieszka Kubik-Komar. Sample size determination in the Mann–Whitney test. Biometrical Letters 2017, 54, 175 -186.
AMA StyleAndrzej Kornacki, Andrzej Bochniak, Agnieszka Kubik-Komar. Sample size determination in the Mann–Whitney test. Biometrical Letters. 2017; 54 (2):175-186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Kornacki; Andrzej Bochniak; Agnieszka Kubik-Komar. 2017. "Sample size determination in the Mann–Whitney test." Biometrical Letters 54, no. 2: 175-186.
In the age of globalization and specialization of agricultural production, the crop and livestock farming system is fully justified, particularly in piedmont regions where mixed farming predominates. This is especially important in local areas with specific terrain relief, a variable climate and difficult farming conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the relationships linking the size of the main fodder area and its breakdown by the type of fodder with possibilities for development of farms in a sustainable farming system, taking into account optimization of beef cattle production. No excessive cattle stocking density per ha of agriculture land (AL) or main fodder area (MFA) was observed on any of the farms analyzed. The cattle stocking density per ha AL ranged from 0.52 in group III to 0.90 in group I, while the density per ha MFA ranged from 0.72 in group III to 1.80 in group I, which was confirmed by the stocking density per ha AL. The size of the main fodder area was found to increase with the area of the farm. In the context of sustainability of production, it is interesting that the percentage of arable land in the MFA did not exceed 30% in any of the groups.
Piotr Stanek; Paweł Żółkiewski; Waldemar Teter; Witold Chabuz; Zygmunt Litwińczuk; Andrzej Bochniak. The role of main fodder area as a factor limiting the development of farms under conditions of sustainable agriculture. A case study from the Podkarpacie region (southern Poland, Western Carpathians). Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 2017, 42, 477 -492.
AMA StylePiotr Stanek, Paweł Żółkiewski, Waldemar Teter, Witold Chabuz, Zygmunt Litwińczuk, Andrzej Bochniak. The role of main fodder area as a factor limiting the development of farms under conditions of sustainable agriculture. A case study from the Podkarpacie region (southern Poland, Western Carpathians). Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems. 2017; 42 (5):477-492.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Stanek; Paweł Żółkiewski; Waldemar Teter; Witold Chabuz; Zygmunt Litwińczuk; Andrzej Bochniak. 2017. "The role of main fodder area as a factor limiting the development of farms under conditions of sustainable agriculture. A case study from the Podkarpacie region (southern Poland, Western Carpathians)." Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 42, no. 5: 477-492.
Grzegorz Grzywaczewski; Andrzej Bochniak; Jarosław Wiącek; Paweł Łapiński; Federico Morelli. Water on the Fen Mire as a Problem in the Protection of Globally Threatened Species: Long-Term Changes in Aquatic Warbler Numbers. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2017, 26, 613 -618.
AMA StyleGrzegorz Grzywaczewski, Andrzej Bochniak, Jarosław Wiącek, Paweł Łapiński, Federico Morelli. Water on the Fen Mire as a Problem in the Protection of Globally Threatened Species: Long-Term Changes in Aquatic Warbler Numbers. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2017; 26 (2):613-618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrzegorz Grzywaczewski; Andrzej Bochniak; Jarosław Wiącek; Paweł Łapiński; Federico Morelli. 2017. "Water on the Fen Mire as a Problem in the Protection of Globally Threatened Species: Long-Term Changes in Aquatic Warbler Numbers." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 26, no. 2: 613-618.
Andrzej Kornacki; Jacek Wawrzosek; Andrzej Bochniak; Andrzej Szymanek; Halina Pawlak. Critical values of driver response time and its impact on reducing reliability and safety in road traffic. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 2016, 19, 142 -148.
AMA StyleAndrzej Kornacki, Jacek Wawrzosek, Andrzej Bochniak, Andrzej Szymanek, Halina Pawlak. Critical values of driver response time and its impact on reducing reliability and safety in road traffic. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability. 2016; 19 (1):142-148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Kornacki; Jacek Wawrzosek; Andrzej Bochniak; Andrzej Szymanek; Halina Pawlak. 2016. "Critical values of driver response time and its impact on reducing reliability and safety in road traffic." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 19, no. 1: 142-148.
The aim of the research was to determine how time of infrared radiation heating of grains influences the falling number of flour gained from wheat variety Waluta and spelled wheat variety Schwabenkorn. Moisture content was determined in the first stage of the study and it was 12% ± 1%. Then grain was moisturized to the moisture of: 14, 16 and 18%. Prepared material was subjected to infrared radiation heating at the temperature of 150°C for 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds. The heated material was sent to milling, and the falling number was determined. It has been found that the infrared radiation heating of wheat grains prior to milling significantly affects the falling number of flour, which increases with the duration of heating grain.
Mariusz Kania; Agnieszka Sagan; Agata Blicharz-Kania; Agnieszka Starek; Beata Ślaska-Grzywna; Andrzej Bochniak; Agnieszka Kubik-Komar; Marta Krajewska; Beata Zdybel. Impact of Pretreatment of Wheat Grain Using Infrared Radiation on Flour Falling Number. Agricultural Engineering 2016, 20, 77 -84.
AMA StyleMariusz Kania, Agnieszka Sagan, Agata Blicharz-Kania, Agnieszka Starek, Beata Ślaska-Grzywna, Andrzej Bochniak, Agnieszka Kubik-Komar, Marta Krajewska, Beata Zdybel. Impact of Pretreatment of Wheat Grain Using Infrared Radiation on Flour Falling Number. Agricultural Engineering. 2016; 20 (4):77-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariusz Kania; Agnieszka Sagan; Agata Blicharz-Kania; Agnieszka Starek; Beata Ślaska-Grzywna; Andrzej Bochniak; Agnieszka Kubik-Komar; Marta Krajewska; Beata Zdybel. 2016. "Impact of Pretreatment of Wheat Grain Using Infrared Radiation on Flour Falling Number." Agricultural Engineering 20, no. 4: 77-84.
In this study the Akaike information criterion for detecting outliers in a log-normal distribution is used. Theoretical results were applied to the identification of atypical varietal trials. This is an alternative to the tolerance interval method. Detection of outliers with the help of the Akaike information criterion represents an alternative to the method of testing hypotheses. This approach does not depend on the level of significance adopted by the investigator. It also does not lead to the masking effect of outliers.
Andrzej Kornacki; Andrzej Bochniak. The use of outlier detection methods in the log-normal distribution for the identification of atypical varietal experiments. Biometrical Letters 2015, 52, 75 -84.
AMA StyleAndrzej Kornacki, Andrzej Bochniak. The use of outlier detection methods in the log-normal distribution for the identification of atypical varietal experiments. Biometrical Letters. 2015; 52 (2):75-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Kornacki; Andrzej Bochniak. 2015. "The use of outlier detection methods in the log-normal distribution for the identification of atypical varietal experiments." Biometrical Letters 52, no. 2: 75-84.