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Electricity demand and its typical load pattern are usually affected by many endogenous and exogenous factors to which the generation system must accordingly respond through utility operators. Lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 imposed by many countries have led to sudden changes in socioeconomic habits which have had direct effects on the electricity systems. Therefore, a detailed analysis of how confinement measures have modified the electricity consumption in Spain, one of the countries most affected by this pandemic, has been performed in this work. Its electricity consumption has decreased by 13.49% from March 14 to April 30, compared to the average value of five previous years. Daily power demand profiles, especially morning and evening peaks, have been modified at homes, hospitals, and in the total power demand. These changes generate a greater uncertainty for the System Operator when making demand forecasts, but production deviations have increased by only 0.1%, thanks to the presence of a diversified generation mix, which has been modified during this period, increasing the proportion of renewable sources and decreasing CO2 emissions.
I. Santiago; A. Moreno-Munoz; P. Quintero-Jiménez; F. Garcia-Torres; M.J. Gonzalez-Redondo. Electricity demand during pandemic times: The case of the COVID-19 in Spain. Energy Policy 2020, 148, 111964 -111964.
AMA StyleI. Santiago, A. Moreno-Munoz, P. Quintero-Jiménez, F. Garcia-Torres, M.J. Gonzalez-Redondo. Electricity demand during pandemic times: The case of the COVID-19 in Spain. Energy Policy. 2020; 148 ():111964-111964.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Santiago; A. Moreno-Munoz; P. Quintero-Jiménez; F. Garcia-Torres; M.J. Gonzalez-Redondo. 2020. "Electricity demand during pandemic times: The case of the COVID-19 in Spain." Energy Policy 148, no. : 111964-111964.
This chapter has justified the choice of the PTP standard for coordinating all of the equipment located in an installation as the most appropriate way of extending it to other installations in a wide geographical area. It is possible to reduce the amount of equipment equipped with GPS, but guaranteeing the synchronism with a quality equivalent to 1 ms. An intelligent network must evolve dynamically according to demand. In this context, it is essential to maintain a control of the stability of the network in a greater number of control points. The current technology has lowered the costs of high-performance electronic systems. As discussed in this chapter, PMUs or synchrophasors are an essential piece, and their integration into the IEC 61850 standard allows a local and centralised management system to be defined that cooperates with other systems located in the network, such as SPQAs and intelligent inverters.
Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia Moreno-Garcia; Rafael Real-Calvo Real-Calvo; Victor Pallares-Lopez Pallares-Lopez; Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo Gonzalez-Redondo; Isabel Santiago Santiago. Towards the extensive use of renewable energy resources: needs, conditions and enabling technologies. Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources 2017, 171 -210.
AMA StyleIsabel M. Moreno-Garcia Moreno-Garcia, Rafael Real-Calvo Real-Calvo, Victor Pallares-Lopez Pallares-Lopez, Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo Gonzalez-Redondo, Isabel Santiago Santiago. Towards the extensive use of renewable energy resources: needs, conditions and enabling technologies. Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources. 2017; ():171-210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel M. Moreno-Garcia Moreno-Garcia; Rafael Real-Calvo Real-Calvo; Victor Pallares-Lopez Pallares-Lopez; Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo Gonzalez-Redondo; Isabel Santiago Santiago. 2017. "Towards the extensive use of renewable energy resources: needs, conditions and enabling technologies." Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources , no. : 171-210.
Resumen: Las transformaciones que están teniendo lugar en el sector eléctrico están haciendo evolucionar la red hacia un modelo más inteligente y eficiente conocido como Smart Grid. En este contexto, a los DERs que se integren en la red se les requerirá un control avanzado de la interfaz de conexión. Este trabajo presenta un original dispositivo electrónico inteligente (IED) de altas prestaciones para el control de la interconexión eléctrica con numerosas y nuevas prestaciones. El dispositivo tiene sobrada capacidad para contemplar tanto la calidad de suministro como operar multifuncionalmente a nivel de protección y seguridad; y su arquitectura modular en un Sistema Embebido permite una fácil integración, tanto en el desarrollo de equipos de nueva generación, como en equipamiento convencional ya instalado para adaptarlo al nuevo contexto de gestión inteligente. Se ha desarrollado un IED que ha sido sometido a pruebas de clase A siguiendo la normativa IEC 61000-4-30 e IEC 62586-2, y se le han efectuado ensayos para validar la respuesta temporal en la generación de órdenes y señales de alarma para protecciones. Se muestran y analizan algunos de estos resultados experimentales, y se comenta la experiencia de integración real de este prototipo en un inversor inteligente experimental, diseñado expresamente para operar en un escenario Smart Grid. The changes that are taking place in the electricity sector are causing an evolution of grid towards a more intelligent and efficient model known as Smart Grid. In this context equipment that connect to electric system require an intelligent control of the connection interface. This paper presents the design and development of an intelligent electronic device (IED) with high performance for controlling the electrical interconnection. The device has multifunctional ability to analyze power quality and operate with protections, and its modular architecture allows easy integration in both the development of next generation equipment, as in conventional equipment already installed to adapt to the new context of intelligent management. It has developed a prototype that has been tested with A class tests following the standards IEC 61000-4-30 and IEC 62586-2, and we have performed tests to validate the time response in generating orders and alarm signals for protections. Are shown and discussed some of these experimental results and the experience of integration of this prototype in an experimental smart inverter that is designed to operate in a Smart Grid scenario. Palabras clave: Redes inteligentes (smart grids), sistemas eléctricos y electrónicos de potencia, inversores, sistemas embebidos o empotrados, sistemas de tiempo real, monitorización y supervisión, energías renovables, Keywords: Smart grid, intelligent electronic device, distributed energy resource, embedded system, real time, monitoring and supervision, renewable energ
Rafael Jesús Real Calvo; Antonio Moreno-Munoz; Victor Pallares-Lopez; Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo; Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia; Emilio Jose Palacios-Garcia. Sistema Electrónico Inteligente para el Control de la Interconexión entre Equipamiento de Generación Distribuida y la Red Eléctrica. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 2017, 14, 56 -69.
AMA StyleRafael Jesús Real Calvo, Antonio Moreno-Munoz, Victor Pallares-Lopez, Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo, Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia, Emilio Jose Palacios-Garcia. Sistema Electrónico Inteligente para el Control de la Interconexión entre Equipamiento de Generación Distribuida y la Red Eléctrica. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 2017; 14 (1):56-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Jesús Real Calvo; Antonio Moreno-Munoz; Victor Pallares-Lopez; Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo; Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia; Emilio Jose Palacios-Garcia. 2017. "Sistema Electrónico Inteligente para el Control de la Interconexión entre Equipamiento de Generación Distribuida y la Red Eléctrica." Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 14, no. 1: 56-69.
There is, at present, considerable interest in the storage and dispatchability of photovoltaic (PV) energy, together with the need to manage power flows in real-time. This paper presents a new system, PV-on time, which has been developed to supervise the operating mode of a Grid-Connected Utility-Scale PV Power Plant in order to ensure the reliability and continuity of its supply. This system presents an architecture of acquisition devices, including wireless sensors distributed around the plant, which measure the required information. It is also equipped with a high-precision protocol for synchronizing all data acquisition equipment, something that is necessary for correctly establishing relationships among events in the plant. Moreover, a system for monitoring and supervising all of the distributed devices, as well as for the real-time treatment of all the registered information, is presented. Performances were analyzed in a 400 kW transformation center belonging to a 6.1 MW Utility-Scale PV Power Plant. In addition to monitoring the performance of all of the PV plant’s components and detecting any failures or deviations in production, this system enables users to control the power quality of the signal injected and the influence of the installation on the distribution grid.
Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia; Emilio J. Palacios-Garcia; Victor Pallares-Lopez; Isabel Santiago; Miguel Jesús González Redondo; Marta Varo-Martinez; Rafael Jesús Real Calvo. Real-Time Monitoring System for a Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plant. Sensors 2016, 16, 770 .
AMA StyleIsabel M. Moreno-Garcia, Emilio J. Palacios-Garcia, Victor Pallares-Lopez, Isabel Santiago, Miguel Jesús González Redondo, Marta Varo-Martinez, Rafael Jesús Real Calvo. Real-Time Monitoring System for a Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plant. Sensors. 2016; 16 (6):770.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel M. Moreno-Garcia; Emilio J. Palacios-Garcia; Victor Pallares-Lopez; Isabel Santiago; Miguel Jesús González Redondo; Marta Varo-Martinez; Rafael Jesús Real Calvo. 2016. "Real-Time Monitoring System for a Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plant." Sensors 16, no. 6: 770.
Smart grids play an important role in the development and modernization of the electric power system. Smart grids deal with the integration of information technology and the electric grid. In this context, a communication system is needed to achieve the main goals of smart grids. Interoperability between the systems has become an important issue. To achieve this, the IEC 61850 standard models the electric power system by means of a hierarchical data model based on semantics definitions. Existing and future applications for the electric power system heavily depend on the performance of the communication system. Several factors can affect the performance of the IEC 61850 communications. Previous studies have already analyzed the influence of network related aspects. In this research, some factors related to data and data modeling of IEC 61850 have been identified that influence the performance of the IEC 61850 devices, through the processing time. The study presented in this paper analyzes them and proposes practical recommendations to optimize the performance of the system. The results obtained reveal the importance of a proper use of data sets because their influence over the communications performance.
Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Víctor Pallarés-López; Rafael J. Real-Calvo. Influence of data-related factors on the use of IEC 61850 for power utility automation. Electric Power Systems Research 2016, 133, 269 -280.
AMA StyleMiguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo, Antonio Moreno-Muñoz, Víctor Pallarés-López, Rafael J. Real-Calvo. Influence of data-related factors on the use of IEC 61850 for power utility automation. Electric Power Systems Research. 2016; 133 ():269-280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Víctor Pallarés-López; Rafael J. Real-Calvo. 2016. "Influence of data-related factors on the use of IEC 61850 for power utility automation." Electric Power Systems Research 133, no. : 269-280.
The electricity sector is undergoing an evolution that demands the development of a network model with a high level of intelligence, known as a Smart Grid. One of the factors accelerating these changes is the development and implementation of renewable energy. In particular, increased photovoltaic generation can affect the network’s stability. One line of action is to provide inverters with a management capacity that enables them to act upon the grid in order to compensate for these problems. This paper describes the design and development of a prototype embedded system able to integrate with a photovoltaic inverter and provide it with multifunctional ability in order to analyze power quality and operate with protection. The most important subsystems of this prototype are described, indicating their operating fundamentals. This prototype has been tested with class A protocols according to IEC 61000-4-30 and IEC 62586-2. Tests have also been carried out to validate the response time in generating orders and alarm signals for protections. The highlights of these experimental results are discussed. Some descriptive aspects of the integration of the prototype in an experimental smart inverter are also commented upon.
Rafael Real-Calvo; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Juan J. Gonzalez-De-La-Rosa; Victor Pallares-Lopez; Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo; Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia. An Embedded System in Smart Inverters for Power Quality and Safety Functionality. Energies 2016, 9, 219 .
AMA StyleRafael Real-Calvo, Antonio Moreno-Muñoz, Juan J. Gonzalez-De-La-Rosa, Victor Pallares-Lopez, Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo, Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia. An Embedded System in Smart Inverters for Power Quality and Safety Functionality. Energies. 2016; 9 (3):219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Real-Calvo; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Juan J. Gonzalez-De-La-Rosa; Victor Pallares-Lopez; Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo; Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia. 2016. "An Embedded System in Smart Inverters for Power Quality and Safety Functionality." Energies 9, no. 3: 219.
The non-dispatchable, intermittent and unpredictable nature of photovoltaic energy has made its integration in power system very limited. This paper presents a system for monitoring, supervising and treatment of the information in real time applied to photovoltaic plants connected to the grid. Experimental results shows the usefulness of the system implemented for monitoring a grid-connected photovoltaic park production in real time, ensuring the synchronization of the magnitudes with high precision. This study demonstrates how the operation and maintenance of a photovoltaic plant and in general any renewable facility connected to the grid may be considerably improved by the use the proposed real time approach. With this functionality, the photovoltaic parks will become active parts of the grid, contributing to the massive integration of distributed generation in the smart grid.
I. M. Moreno-Garcia; Victor Pallares-Lopez; M. Gonzalez-Redondo; J. López-López; M. Varo-Martinez; I. Santiago; Isabel Moreno-Garcia. Implementation of a real time monitoring system for a grid-connected PV park. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) 2015, 2915 -2920.
AMA StyleI. M. Moreno-Garcia, Victor Pallares-Lopez, M. Gonzalez-Redondo, J. López-López, M. Varo-Martinez, I. Santiago, Isabel Moreno-Garcia. Implementation of a real time monitoring system for a grid-connected PV park. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). 2015; ():2915-2920.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. M. Moreno-Garcia; Victor Pallares-Lopez; M. Gonzalez-Redondo; J. López-López; M. Varo-Martinez; I. Santiago; Isabel Moreno-Garcia. 2015. "Implementation of a real time monitoring system for a grid-connected PV park." 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) , no. : 2915-2920.
Today the Smart Grid concept along with the development of Distributed Generation (DG) causes the need to get devices that can manage different power flows in the power system. In this paper an Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) is presented. This device operates in real time (RT) and is ready to manage DG. It allows monitoring status of the interface between distributed generation and utility network, and manages communications between all involved entities.
R. J. Real-Calvo; Antonio Moreno-Munoz; Victor Pallares-Lopez; M.J. Gonzalez-Redondo; J.M. Flores-Arias. Intelligent electronic device for the control of distributed generation. 2014 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Consumer Electronics Berlin (ICCE-Berlin) 2014, 268 -269.
AMA StyleR. J. Real-Calvo, Antonio Moreno-Munoz, Victor Pallares-Lopez, M.J. Gonzalez-Redondo, J.M. Flores-Arias. Intelligent electronic device for the control of distributed generation. 2014 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Consumer Electronics Berlin (ICCE-Berlin). 2014; ():268-269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. J. Real-Calvo; Antonio Moreno-Munoz; Victor Pallares-Lopez; M.J. Gonzalez-Redondo; J.M. Flores-Arias. 2014. "Intelligent electronic device for the control of distributed generation." 2014 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Consumer Electronics Berlin (ICCE-Berlin) , no. : 268-269.
IEC 61850 is one of the crucial standards within the Smart Grid concept. For performance evaluation of communications between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) in Power Utility Automation, the standard defines the Transfer Time. Measurement of such parameter is not available for end user, but in development stage it is possible. Third party products can be used to reduce development time of IEC 61850 compliant devices. An initial performance evaluation of these products can be achieved through the measurement of the Transfer Time.
Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Víctor Pallarés-López; Rafael J. Real-Calvo; Manuel A. Ortiz Lopez; Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia. IEC 61850 GOOSE transfer time measurement in development stage. 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics 2013, 1 -6.
AMA StyleMiguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo, Antonio Moreno-Muñoz, Víctor Pallarés-López, Rafael J. Real-Calvo, Manuel A. Ortiz Lopez, Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia. IEC 61850 GOOSE transfer time measurement in development stage. 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. 2013; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Víctor Pallarés-López; Rafael J. Real-Calvo; Manuel A. Ortiz Lopez; Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia. 2013. "IEC 61850 GOOSE transfer time measurement in development stage." 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics , no. : 1-6.
The context of energy diversification of the electricity market has triggered that many users have decided to invest in their own micro-grid to meet their needs. Moreover, at present the concept of Smart Grid is driving that all entities involved in the electricity market tend to form an open network where everyone can interact with each other, including those who use renewable energy. This document explains how must be an Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) that allows the user to control their micro-grid, describing what must be the functionality and architecture of this system. Finally, we present an IED prototype based on combining a processor and a FPGA to control a micro-grid.
R. J. Real-Calvo; Antonio Moreno-Munoz; Victor Pallares-Lopez; M.J. Gonzalez-Redondo; I.M. Moreno-Garcia; Isabel Moreno-Garcia. Design of an Intelligent Electronic Device to control a private microgrid. 2012 IEEE Second International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin) 2012, 99 -101.
AMA StyleR. J. Real-Calvo, Antonio Moreno-Munoz, Victor Pallares-Lopez, M.J. Gonzalez-Redondo, I.M. Moreno-Garcia, Isabel Moreno-Garcia. Design of an Intelligent Electronic Device to control a private microgrid. 2012 IEEE Second International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin). 2012; ():99-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. J. Real-Calvo; Antonio Moreno-Munoz; Victor Pallares-Lopez; M.J. Gonzalez-Redondo; I.M. Moreno-Garcia; Isabel Moreno-Garcia. 2012. "Design of an Intelligent Electronic Device to control a private microgrid." 2012 IEEE Second International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin) , no. : 99-101.
Present distribution networks have not been designed to accept extensive Distributed Generation (DG). The present framework may change in the near future impelled by a worldwide increase in DG penetration in distribution grids. The mutual dependency of energy distribution and communications on the same grid requires new means for effectively monitoring and controlling both systems in parallel. Relaying and control IEDs can also serve as measurement units for power quality. Synchronized Measurement Technology (SMT) has the potential of becoming the backbone of this paradigm. By using wide-area information systems, the data can be made available to all involved partners. This paper provides different outlooks about the possibilities of Embedded Systems to integrate the protection, control and monitoring functions in Distribution Automation Systems. To justify the choice of synchronization technology, we have scheduled a complete sequence of synchronism tests and measurement tests based on standard specifications.
Antonio Moreno-Munoz; Victor Pallares-Lopez; Juan José Gonzalez De La Rosa; Rafael Jesús Real Calvo; Miguel Jesús González Redondo; Isabel Moreno-Garcia. Embedding Synchronized Measurement Technology for Smart Grid Development. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2012, 9, 52 -61.
AMA StyleAntonio Moreno-Munoz, Victor Pallares-Lopez, Juan José Gonzalez De La Rosa, Rafael Jesús Real Calvo, Miguel Jesús González Redondo, Isabel Moreno-Garcia. Embedding Synchronized Measurement Technology for Smart Grid Development. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 2012; 9 (1):52-61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Moreno-Munoz; Victor Pallares-Lopez; Juan José Gonzalez De La Rosa; Rafael Jesús Real Calvo; Miguel Jesús González Redondo; Isabel Moreno-Garcia. 2012. "Embedding Synchronized Measurement Technology for Smart Grid Development." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 9, no. 1: 52-61.
We propose a new synchronized event technique for SmartGrid. A Software-Based IEEE 1588-2008 synchronized event for Energy Measurements System (EMS) and for Intelligent Electronics Devices (IEDs). This Electronic Device comprise two main technologies: a NI cRIO-9074 integrating the acquisition and synchronization and a NI PCI_1588 card for Master task. For the essays we have defined one experimental system for high precision Synchronism.
Victor Pallares-Lopez; Antonio Moreno-Munoz; M. Gonzalez-Redondo; R. Real-Calvo; I. Ma. Moreno-Garcia; Jose Maria Flores Arias; Aurora Gil De Castro; Juan Jose Gonzalez De La Rosa. Synchronism with Software-Based IEEE 15882008 for Smart Grid. 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics 2011, 1237 -1242.
AMA StyleVictor Pallares-Lopez, Antonio Moreno-Munoz, M. Gonzalez-Redondo, R. Real-Calvo, I. Ma. Moreno-Garcia, Jose Maria Flores Arias, Aurora Gil De Castro, Juan Jose Gonzalez De La Rosa. Synchronism with Software-Based IEEE 15882008 for Smart Grid. 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. 2011; ():1237-1242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Pallares-Lopez; Antonio Moreno-Munoz; M. Gonzalez-Redondo; R. Real-Calvo; I. Ma. Moreno-Garcia; Jose Maria Flores Arias; Aurora Gil De Castro; Juan Jose Gonzalez De La Rosa. 2011. "Synchronism with Software-Based IEEE 15882008 for Smart Grid." 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics , no. : 1237-1242.
The proposed technique integrates IEC61850 and PMU for extent of wide area measurement system (WAMS) with a new Synchronized Measurement Technology. This new Electronic Devices comprise three main technologies: a LM3S8962 microcontroller for PTP slave, a Single-Board-RIO for acquisition and synchronization and an [email protected] based system for communications with IEC61850. For Master task a PCI_1588 card and for test a Symmetricom's XLI_IEEE1588 GrandMaster system are used. For the essays we have defined one experimental system for high precision Synchronism and real-time communications with IEC61850.
Victor Pallares-Lopez; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Miguel Gonzalez-Redondo; Rafael Real-Calvo; Isabel Moreno Garcia; Juan José González De La Rosa. Synchrophasor integration in IEC 61850 standard for SmartGrid and synchronism with PTP-base system. 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications 2011, 1507 -1512.
AMA StyleVictor Pallares-Lopez, Antonio Moreno-Muñoz, Miguel Gonzalez-Redondo, Rafael Real-Calvo, Isabel Moreno Garcia, Juan José González De La Rosa. Synchrophasor integration in IEC 61850 standard for SmartGrid and synchronism with PTP-base system. 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. 2011; ():1507-1512.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Pallares-Lopez; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Miguel Gonzalez-Redondo; Rafael Real-Calvo; Isabel Moreno Garcia; Juan José González De La Rosa. 2011. "Synchrophasor integration in IEC 61850 standard for SmartGrid and synchronism with PTP-base system." 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications , no. : 1507-1512.
We propose a new synchronized technique for SmartGrid. A PTP-Based IEEE 1588-2008 Global System has been defined. Specifically for PMUs with synchronism needs up to the microsecond range, for Energy Measurements System (EMS) and for Intelligent Electronics Devices (IEDs). This new Electronic Devices comprise two main technologies; LM3S8962 microcontroller as a slave IEEE 1588-2008, a Single-Board-RIO integrating the acquisition and synchronization. For tasks such as PTP master a NI PCI_1588 card and a Symmetricom's XLI IEEE1588 GrandMaster system for test. For the essays we have defined one experimental system for high precision Synchronism.
Victor Pallares-Lopez; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Miguel Gonzalez-Redondo; Rafael Real-Calvo; Isabel Moreno Garcia; Aurora Gil De Castro; Francisco Domingo Perez; Juan José González De La Rosa. Deterministic Ethernet synchronism with PTP-base system for synchrophasor in Smart Grid. 2011 7th International Conference-Workshop Compatibility and Power Electronics (CPE) 2011, 22 -27.
AMA StyleVictor Pallares-Lopez, Antonio Moreno-Muñoz, Miguel Gonzalez-Redondo, Rafael Real-Calvo, Isabel Moreno Garcia, Aurora Gil De Castro, Francisco Domingo Perez, Juan José González De La Rosa. Deterministic Ethernet synchronism with PTP-base system for synchrophasor in Smart Grid. 2011 7th International Conference-Workshop Compatibility and Power Electronics (CPE). 2011; ():22-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Pallares-Lopez; Antonio Moreno-Muñoz; Miguel Gonzalez-Redondo; Rafael Real-Calvo; Isabel Moreno Garcia; Aurora Gil De Castro; Francisco Domingo Perez; Juan José González De La Rosa. 2011. "Deterministic Ethernet synchronism with PTP-base system for synchrophasor in Smart Grid." 2011 7th International Conference-Workshop Compatibility and Power Electronics (CPE) , no. : 22-27.