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The thermal retrofit of buildings plays a key role to limit global warming. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban-scale renovation are not well understood. This paper proposes a new methodology that is based on a bottom-up building stock model. It links dynamic Material Flow Analysis with dynamic Life Cycle Assessment to include the temporal dynamics of emissions and renovation activity, and the spatial dynamics of the building stock. Alternative renovation scenarios for a Lisbon neighborhood are analyzed over the next 100 years. Thee scenarios include renovation rates, electricity grid transformation and material choice: Conventional renovation systems are compared to bio-based systems (using cork, wood and straw). A need-based prioritization of poorly insulated buildings is suggested and the effect of different energy grid transitions analyzed. The results show that bio-based systems, especially made with fast-rotation biomass, are beneficial regarding radiative forcing. The straw- and wood-based system ("TES"), combined with an increased renovation rate, result in a cumulative radiative forcing of −45.4 * 10−8 kW/m2 for embodied impacts in 2050, compared to 3.5* 10−8 kW/m2 with a conventional system and a business-as-usual renovation rate. A fast and radical transition of the energy grid is crucial to meet the carbon budget to limit global warming to 2 °C.
Verena Göswein; José Dinis Silvestre; Cláudia Sousa Monteiro; Guillaume Habert; Fausto Freire; Francesco Pittau. Influence of material choice, renovation rate, and electricity grid to achieve a Paris Agreement-compatible building stock: A Portuguese case study. Building and Environment 2021, 195, 107773 .
AMA StyleVerena Göswein, José Dinis Silvestre, Cláudia Sousa Monteiro, Guillaume Habert, Fausto Freire, Francesco Pittau. Influence of material choice, renovation rate, and electricity grid to achieve a Paris Agreement-compatible building stock: A Portuguese case study. Building and Environment. 2021; 195 ():107773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVerena Göswein; José Dinis Silvestre; Cláudia Sousa Monteiro; Guillaume Habert; Fausto Freire; Francesco Pittau. 2021. "Influence of material choice, renovation rate, and electricity grid to achieve a Paris Agreement-compatible building stock: A Portuguese case study." Building and Environment 195, no. : 107773.
The climate crisis is urging us to act fast. Buildings are a key leverage point to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but the embodied emissions related with their construction remain often the hidden challenge of any ambitious policy. Since a complete material substitution is not possible, we explore in this paper a material greenhouse gas (GHG) compensation where fast growing bio-based insulation materials are used to compensate building elements which necessarily release GHG. Different material diets as well as different building typologies are modelled to assess the consequences in term of bio-based insulation requirement to reach climate-neutrality. Our results show that it is possible to build climate-neutral buildings with sufficient energy performance to fulfil current standards and with building components thickness within the range of current construction practices. This paper evidences that it is technically feasible and that climate-neutrality in construction sector without a radical technology breakthrough.
Olga Carcassi; Guillaume Habert; Laura Malighetti; Francesco Pittau. Material diets for Climate-Neutral Buildings. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleOlga Carcassi, Guillaume Habert, Laura Malighetti, Francesco Pittau. Material diets for Climate-Neutral Buildings. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlga Carcassi; Guillaume Habert; Laura Malighetti; Francesco Pittau. 2021. "Material diets for Climate-Neutral Buildings." , no. : 1.
The use of cement and concrete, among the most widely used man-made materials, is under scrutiny. Owing to their large-scale use, production of cement and concrete results in substantial emission of greenhouse gases and places strain on the availability of natural resources, such as water. Projected urbanization over the next 50–100 years therefore indicates that the demand for cement and concrete will continue to increase, necessitating strategies to limit their environmental impact. In this Review, we shed light on the available solutions that can be implemented within the next decade and beyond to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cement and concrete production. As the construction sector has proven to be very slow-moving and risk-averse, we focus on minor improvements that can be achieved across the value chain, such as the use of supplementary cementitious materials and optimizing the clinker content of cement. Critically, the combined effect of these marginal gains can have an important impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 50% if all stakeholders are engaged. In doing so, we reveal credible pathways for sustainable concrete use that balance societal needs, environmental requirements and technical feasibility. Concrete is one of the most widely used man-made materials and is critical for the ongoing urbanization of the global population. However, owing to its widespread use, concrete can have a negative impact on the environment. This Review provides medium-term and long-term solutions to address the environmental concerns surrounding concrete production.
G. Habert; S. A. Miller; V. M. John; J. L. Provis; Aurelie Favier; A. Horvath; K. L. Scrivener. Environmental impacts and decarbonization strategies in the cement and concrete industries. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2020, 1, 559 -573.
AMA StyleG. Habert, S. A. Miller, V. M. John, J. L. Provis, Aurelie Favier, A. Horvath, K. L. Scrivener. Environmental impacts and decarbonization strategies in the cement and concrete industries. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 2020; 1 (11):559-573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Habert; S. A. Miller; V. M. John; J. L. Provis; Aurelie Favier; A. Horvath; K. L. Scrivener. 2020. "Environmental impacts and decarbonization strategies in the cement and concrete industries." Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 1, no. 11: 559-573.
Endrit Hoxha; Alexander Passer; Marcella Ruschi Mendes Saade; Damien Trigaux; Amie Shuttleworth; Francesco Pittau; Karen Allacker; Guillaume Habert. Biogenic carbon in buildings: a critical overview of LCA methods. Buildings and Cities 2020, 1, 504 -524.
AMA StyleEndrit Hoxha, Alexander Passer, Marcella Ruschi Mendes Saade, Damien Trigaux, Amie Shuttleworth, Francesco Pittau, Karen Allacker, Guillaume Habert. Biogenic carbon in buildings: a critical overview of LCA methods. Buildings and Cities. 2020; 1 (1):504-524.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEndrit Hoxha; Alexander Passer; Marcella Ruschi Mendes Saade; Damien Trigaux; Amie Shuttleworth; Francesco Pittau; Karen Allacker; Guillaume Habert. 2020. "Biogenic carbon in buildings: a critical overview of LCA methods." Buildings and Cities 1, no. 1: 504-524.
Climate change on Earth has been intensified after the industrial revolution, resulted from some factors such as an increase in ambient temperature, greenhouse gases of the atmosphere and environmental pollutants.Nowadays, sustainable solutions are developing to resolve this problem, and sustainable development,as one of these approaches is situated on the world's top programs, in order to achieve the protection of the environment and natural resources, correct and efficient management and utilization of the basic, natural and financial resources and achieving an optimal consumption pattern. New forms and types of materials used in modern buildings such as eco-friendly materials have important effects on superiority of contemporary sustainable constructions. The eco-friendly materials were described in current study, while the dry wall was also investigated, which its use has increased dramatically due to the importance of speed in construction of buildings and pre-fabricated structures. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the characteristics of dry wall and its effects on the environment. The production and consumption of dry wall evaluated based on LCA and how to recycle its waste was done according to WARM's model. In the following, a residential building was studied and the simulation of traditional building and the building with dry wall was performed to evaluate the amount of carbon dioxide production and fuel consumption in both cases. The simulation was done in current situation and future conditions till the year 2100. The results of the research showed that, the use of dry wall in construction causes a reduction of about 60% in fuel consumption as well as a decline of 22.5% in carbon dioxide production. Considering the climate changes in future, simulation results showed that the range of variations in energy consumption and carbon dioxide production for a dry-built building would be very low in 2030, 2050 and 2100, while variations in energy consumption and the production of carbon dioxide were found to be remarkable for the traditional building in these years. In general, maintaining sustained conditions and a significant reduction in resource consumption in the next century, obtained by implementing a dry-built building suggests the importance of using these materials to achieve the principles of sustainable architecture.
Maryam Arab; Mohammad Farrokhzad; Guillaume Habert. Evaluation of dry wall system and its features in environmental sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 278, 123290 .
AMA StyleMaryam Arab, Mohammad Farrokhzad, Guillaume Habert. Evaluation of dry wall system and its features in environmental sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 278 ():123290.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryam Arab; Mohammad Farrokhzad; Guillaume Habert. 2020. "Evaluation of dry wall system and its features in environmental sustainability." Journal of Cleaner Production 278, no. : 123290.
Guillaume Habert; Martin Röck; Karl Steininger; Antonin Lupísek; Harpa Birgisdottir; Harald Desing; Chanjief Chandrakumar; Francesco Pittau; Alexander Passer; Ronald Rovers; Katarina Slavkovic; Alexander Hollberg; Endrit Hoxha; Thomas Jusselme; Emilie Nault; Karen Allacker; Thomas Lützkendorf. Carbon budgets for buildings: harmonising temporal, spatial and sectoral dimensions. Buildings and Cities 2020, 1, 429 -452.
AMA StyleGuillaume Habert, Martin Röck, Karl Steininger, Antonin Lupísek, Harpa Birgisdottir, Harald Desing, Chanjief Chandrakumar, Francesco Pittau, Alexander Passer, Ronald Rovers, Katarina Slavkovic, Alexander Hollberg, Endrit Hoxha, Thomas Jusselme, Emilie Nault, Karen Allacker, Thomas Lützkendorf. Carbon budgets for buildings: harmonising temporal, spatial and sectoral dimensions. Buildings and Cities. 2020; 1 (1):429-452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillaume Habert; Martin Röck; Karl Steininger; Antonin Lupísek; Harpa Birgisdottir; Harald Desing; Chanjief Chandrakumar; Francesco Pittau; Alexander Passer; Ronald Rovers; Katarina Slavkovic; Alexander Hollberg; Endrit Hoxha; Thomas Jusselme; Emilie Nault; Karen Allacker; Thomas Lützkendorf. 2020. "Carbon budgets for buildings: harmonising temporal, spatial and sectoral dimensions." Buildings and Cities 1, no. 1: 429-452.
The building sector has a significant potential to reduce the material resource demand needed for construction and therefore, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Digitalization can help to make use of this potential and improve sustainability throughout the entire building’s life cycle. One way to address this potential is through the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into the building process by employing Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM can reduce the effort needed to carry out an LCA, and therefore, facilitate the integration into the building process. A review of current industry practice and scientific literature shows that companies are lacking the incentive to apply LCA. If applied, there are two main approaches. Either the LCA is performed in a simplified way at the beginning of the building process using imprecise techniques, or it is done at the very end when all the needed information is available, but it is too late for decision-making. One reason for this is the lack of methods, workflows and tools to implement BIM-LCA integration over the whole building development. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop an integrated BIM-LCA method for the entire building process by relating it to an established workflow. To avoid an additional effort for practitioners, an existing structure for cost estimation in the Swiss context is used. The established method is implemented in a tool and used in a case study in Switzerland to test the approach. The results of this study show that LCA can be performed continuously in each building phase over the entire building process using existing Building Information Modeling (BIM) techniques for cost estimation. The main benefit of this approach is that it simplifies the application of LCA in the building process and therefore gives incentives for companies to apply it. Moreover, the re-work caused by the need for re-entering data and the usage of many different software tools that characterize most of the current LCA practices is minimized. Furthermore, decision-making, both at the element and building levels, is supported.
Anita Naneva; Marcella Bonanomi; Alexander Hollberg; Guillaume Habert; Daniel Hall. Integrated BIM-Based LCA for the Entire Building Process Using an Existing Structure for Cost Estimation in the Swiss Context. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3748 .
AMA StyleAnita Naneva, Marcella Bonanomi, Alexander Hollberg, Guillaume Habert, Daniel Hall. Integrated BIM-Based LCA for the Entire Building Process Using an Existing Structure for Cost Estimation in the Swiss Context. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3748.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnita Naneva; Marcella Bonanomi; Alexander Hollberg; Guillaume Habert; Daniel Hall. 2020. "Integrated BIM-Based LCA for the Entire Building Process Using an Existing Structure for Cost Estimation in the Swiss Context." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3748.
The global shift towards embodied carbon reduction in the building sector has indicated the need for a detailed analysis of environmental impacts across the whole lifecycle of buildings. The environmental impact of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems has rarely been studied in detail. Most of the published studies are based on assumptions and rule of thumb techniques. In this study, the requirements and methods to perform a detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) for HVAC systems based on building information modelling (BIM) are assessed and framed for the first time. The approach of linking external product data information to objects using visual programming language (VPL) is tested, and its benefits over the existing workflows are presented. The detailed BIM model of a newly built office building in Switzerland is used as a case study. In addition, detailed project documentation is used to ensure the plausibility of the calculated impact. The LCA results show that the embodied impact of the HVAC systems is three times higher than the targets provided by the Swiss Energy Efficiency Path (SIA 2040). Furthermore, it is shown that the embodied impact of HVAC systems lies in the range of 15–36% of the total embodied impact of office buildings. Nevertheless, further research and similar case studies are needed to provide a robust picture of the embodied environmental impact of HVAC systems. The results could contribute to setting stricter targets in line with the vision of decarbonization of the building sector.
Christina Kiamili; Alexander Hollberg; Guillaume Habert. Detailed Assessment of Embodied Carbon of HVAC Systems for a New Office Building Based on BIM. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3372 .
AMA StyleChristina Kiamili, Alexander Hollberg, Guillaume Habert. Detailed Assessment of Embodied Carbon of HVAC Systems for a New Office Building Based on BIM. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Kiamili; Alexander Hollberg; Guillaume Habert. 2020. "Detailed Assessment of Embodied Carbon of HVAC Systems for a New Office Building Based on BIM." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3372.
The building sector has a big potential to reduce the material resource demand needed for building construction and therefore, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Digitalisation can help to make use of this potential and improve sustainability throughout the entire building’s life cycle. One way to address this potential is through the integration of Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) into the building process by employing Building Information Modelling (BIM). BIM can reduce the effort needed to carry out an LCA and therefore facilitate the integration into the building process. A review of current industry practice and scientific literature shows two main approaches to address BIM-LCA integration. Either the LCA is performed in a simplified way at the beginning of the building process, or it is done at the very end when all the needed information is available, but it is too late for decision-making. One reason for this is the lack of methods, workflows and tools to implement BIM-LCA integration over the entire building process. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop an integrated BIM-LCA workflow implemented into a method for the whole building process using an existing structure for cost estimation. A tool is created and used in a case study in Switzerland to test the developed approach. The results of this study show that LCA can be performed continuously in each building phase over the entire building process using existing BIM modelling techniques. The main benefit of this approach is that the re-work caused by the need for re-entering data and the usage of many different software tools that characterise most of the current LCA practices is minimised. Furthermore, decision-making, both at the element and building levels, is supported.
Anita Naneva; Marcella Bonanomi; Alexander Hollberg; Guillaume Habert; Daniel Hall. Integrated BIM-Based LCA for the Entire Building Process Using an Existing Structure for Cost Estimation. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAnita Naneva, Marcella Bonanomi, Alexander Hollberg, Guillaume Habert, Daniel Hall. Integrated BIM-Based LCA for the Entire Building Process Using an Existing Structure for Cost Estimation. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnita Naneva; Marcella Bonanomi; Alexander Hollberg; Guillaume Habert; Daniel Hall. 2020. "Integrated BIM-Based LCA for the Entire Building Process Using an Existing Structure for Cost Estimation." , no. : 1.
All structures in Switzerland - that is, all buildings, roads, infrastructure constructions and so on - consume over their entire life cycle around 50 % of Switzerland's final energy requirement. They are also responsible for around 30 % of emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2. In recent decades, the energy requirements and CO2 emissions resulting from the use of such structures have fallen sharply. However, the grey energy contained within the structures as well as the CO2 emissions associated with the construction, renovation and demolition of buildings, remain high. There is great potential for improvement here. The joint project “Low energy concrete” provides an important basis for transforming the construction industry into a sustainable sector. It primarily focuses on the building material concrete, which is responsible for an especially high amount of grey energy and significant CO2 emissions. The results of this joint project are summarised and interpreted in this synthesis on “Sustainable Concrete Structures”. The chief objectives of the joint project were as follows: CO2 emissions and grey energy are reduced by drastically decreasing the amount of clinker in the cement. Grey energy is reduced by replacing reinforcing and prestressing steel in concrete structures with wood and plastic. The service life of the structures is extended by professional monitoring and adequate renovation measures; this reduces the average annual grey energy and CO2 emissions. The research work shows that the CO2 emissions caused by concrete and concrete structures can be reduced by a factor of 4, while the bound grey energy can be decreased by a factor of 3.
Guillaume Habert; Francesco Pittau. Joint synthesis “Sustainable Concrete Structures” of the NRP “Energy”. Joint synthesis “Sustainable Concrete Structures” of the NRP “Energy” 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGuillaume Habert, Francesco Pittau. Joint synthesis “Sustainable Concrete Structures” of the NRP “Energy”. Joint synthesis “Sustainable Concrete Structures” of the NRP “Energy”. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillaume Habert; Francesco Pittau. 2020. "Joint synthesis “Sustainable Concrete Structures” of the NRP “Energy”." Joint synthesis “Sustainable Concrete Structures” of the NRP “Energy” , no. : 1.
Alle Bauten in der Schweiz – also alle Gebäude, Strassen, Infrastrukturbauten und so weiter – konsumieren über ihren gesamten Lebenszyklus hinweg rund 50 Prozent des schweizerischen Endenergiebedarfs. Zudem emittieren sie gut 30 Prozent des Treibhausgases CO2. In den letzten Jahrzehnten reduzierten sich der Energiebedarf und die CO2-Emissionen bei der Nutzung der Bauten stark. Die graue Energie, die in den Bauten steckt, und der CO2-Ausstoss bei der Herstellung der Baustoffe, der Sanierung und dem Rückbau sind hingegen unverändert hoch. Hier besteht grosses Potenzial. Das Verbundprojekt «Energiearmer Beton» schafft wichtige Grundlagen für die Transformation der Bauwirtschaft in eine nachhaltige Branche. Es fokussiert vor allem auf den Baustoff Beton, der für besonders viel graue Energie und CO2-Emissionen verantwortlich ist. Die Ergebnisse dieses Verbundprojekts werden in der vorliegenden Synthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» zusammengefasst und interpretiert. Das Verbundprojekt hat vor allem folgende Ziele verfolgt: Die CO2-Emissionen und die graue Energie werden durch eine drastische Reduktion des Klinkers im Zement verringert. Die graue Energie wird reduziert, indem in Betonkonstruktionen der Bewehrungs- und Spannstahl durch Holz und Kunststoffe ersetzt wird. Die Lebensdauer der Bauwerke wird durch eine professionelle Bauwerksüberwachung und durch adäquate Sanierungsmassnahmen verlängert; damit reduzieren sich die im Durchschnitt pro Jahr anfallende graue Energie und die CO2-Emissionen. Die Forschungen zeigen, dass sich der durch Beton und Betonkonstruktionen verursachte CO2-Ausstoss um den Faktor 4 und die gebundene graue Energie um den Faktor 3 reduzieren lassen.
Guillaume Habert; Francesco Pittau. Verbundsynthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» des NFP «Energie». Verbundsynthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» des NFP «Energie» 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGuillaume Habert, Francesco Pittau. Verbundsynthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» des NFP «Energie». Verbundsynthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» des NFP «Energie». 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillaume Habert; Francesco Pittau. 2020. "Verbundsynthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» des NFP «Energie»." Verbundsynthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» des NFP «Energie» , no. : 1.
À l’échelle de leur cycle de vie, toutes les constructions de Suisse – c’est-à-dire les bâtiments, les routes, les ouvrages d’infrastructure, etc. – représentent environ 50 % des besoins d’énergie finale de la Suisse. De plus, elles sont responsables de plus de 30 % des émissions de CO2, un gaz à effet de serre. Au cours des dernières décennies, les besoins énergétiques et les émissions de CO2 liées à l’utilisation des bâtiments ont fortement diminué. L’énergie grise contenue dans les bâtiments et les émissions de CO2 issues de la production des matériaux de construction, de la rénovation et du démantèlement sont cependant restées élevées. Le potentiel d’amélioration est considérable à cet égard. Le projet conjoint « Béton à basse énergie » jette les fondements d’une transformation de l’industrie de la construction en un secteur durable. Il se concentre notamment sur le béton en tant que matériau de construction engendrant des niveaux particulièrement élevés d’énergie grise et d’émissions de CO2. Les résultats de ce projet conjoint sont résumés et interprétés dans la présente synthèse « Constructions durables en béton ». Le projet conjoint s’est avant tout concentré sur les objectifs suivants : Réduire les émissions de CO2 et l’énergie grise par une diminution drastique du clinker dans le ciment. Réduire l’énergie grise en remplaçant l’acier d’armature et de précontrainte dans les structures en béton par du bois et des matériaux de synthèse. Allonger la durée de vie des ouvrages grâce à une surveillance professionnelle et des mesures de rénovation adéquates, ce qui réduit les moyennes annuelles d’énergie grise et d’émissions de CO2. Les recherches montrent que les émissions de CO2 causées par le béton et les structures en béton peuvent être réduites d’un facteur 4 et l’énergie grise mobilisée d’un facteur 3.
Guillaume Habert; Francesco Pittau. Synthèse conjointe «Constructions durables en béton» du PNR «Energie». Synthèse conjointe «Constructions durables en béton» du PNR «Energie» 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGuillaume Habert, Francesco Pittau. Synthèse conjointe «Constructions durables en béton» du PNR «Energie». Synthèse conjointe «Constructions durables en béton» du PNR «Energie». 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillaume Habert; Francesco Pittau. 2020. "Synthèse conjointe «Constructions durables en béton» du PNR «Energie»." Synthèse conjointe «Constructions durables en béton» du PNR «Energie» , no. : 1.
Technical decisions in the building practice have measurable consequences on the society. Construction management diverts or collects local economy and forces. Supply chain mapping can support alternative materials implementation. Without a socio-technical approach, local economy and society could suffer of technical choices. Slum upgrading is an opportunity for regenerative development.
Giulia Celentano; Verena Göswein; Jeffrey Magyar; Guillaume Habert. The informal city as a socio-technical system: Construction management and money distribution in the informal and upgraded communities of Bangkok. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 256, 120142 .
AMA StyleGiulia Celentano, Verena Göswein, Jeffrey Magyar, Guillaume Habert. The informal city as a socio-technical system: Construction management and money distribution in the informal and upgraded communities of Bangkok. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 256 ():120142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Celentano; Verena Göswein; Jeffrey Magyar; Guillaume Habert. 2020. "The informal city as a socio-technical system: Construction management and money distribution in the informal and upgraded communities of Bangkok." Journal of Cleaner Production 256, no. : 120142.
(PE)-UHPFRC, a novel strain hardening ultra high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) with low clinker content, using Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) fibers, was developed for structural applications of rehabilitation. A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to study the environmental impact of interventions on an existing bridge using PE-UHPFRC compared with conventional UHPFRC and post-tensioned reinforced concrete methods in three categories of global warming potential (GWP), cumulative energy demand (CED), and ecological scarcity (UBP). The results showed 55% and 29% decreases in the environmental impact of the PE-UHPFRC compared with reinforced concrete and conventional UHPFRC methods, respectively, which highlighted the effectiveness of this material for the rehabilitation/strengthening of structures from the viewpoint of environmental impact.
Amir Hajiesmaeili; Francesco Pittau; Emmanuel Denarié; Guillaume Habert. Life Cycle Analysis of Strengthening Existing RC Structures with R-PE-UHPFRC. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6923 .
AMA StyleAmir Hajiesmaeili, Francesco Pittau, Emmanuel Denarié, Guillaume Habert. Life Cycle Analysis of Strengthening Existing RC Structures with R-PE-UHPFRC. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):6923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Hajiesmaeili; Francesco Pittau; Emmanuel Denarié; Guillaume Habert. 2019. "Life Cycle Analysis of Strengthening Existing RC Structures with R-PE-UHPFRC." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 6923.
Buildings are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contributors to the climate crisis. To meet climate-change mitigation needs, one must go beyond operational energy consumption and related GHG emissions of buildings and address their full life cycle. This study investigates the global trends of GHG emissions arising across the life cycle of buildings by systematically compiling and analysing more than 650 life cycle assessment (LCA) case studies. The results, presented for different energy performance classes based on a final sample of 238 cases, show a clear reduction trend in life cycle GHG emissions due to improved operational energy performance. However, the analysis reveals an increase in relative and absolute contributions of so‐called ‘embodied’ GHG emissions, i.e., emissions arising from manufacturing and processing of building materials. While the average share of embodied GHG emissions from buildings following current energy performance regulations is approximately 20–25% of life cycle GHG emissions, this figure escalates to 45–50% for highly energy-efficient buildings and surpasses 90% in extreme cases. Furthermore, this study analyses GHG emissions at time of occurrence, highlighting the ‘carbon spike’ from building production. Relating the results to existing benchmarks for buildings’ GHG emissions in the Swiss SIA energy efficiency path shows that most cases exceed the target of 11.0 kgCO2eq/m2a. Considering global GHG reduction targets, these results emphasize the urgent need to reduce GHG emissions of buildings by optimizing both operational and embodied impacts. The analysis further confirmed a need for improving transparency and comparability of LCA studies.
Martin Röck; Marcella Ruschi Mendes Saade; Maria Balouktsi; Freja Nygaard Rasmussen; Harpa Birgisdottir; Rolf Frischknecht; Guillaume Habert; Thomas Lützkendorf; Alexander Passer. Embodied GHG emissions of buildings – The hidden challenge for effective climate change mitigation. Applied Energy 2019, 258, 114107 .
AMA StyleMartin Röck, Marcella Ruschi Mendes Saade, Maria Balouktsi, Freja Nygaard Rasmussen, Harpa Birgisdottir, Rolf Frischknecht, Guillaume Habert, Thomas Lützkendorf, Alexander Passer. Embodied GHG emissions of buildings – The hidden challenge for effective climate change mitigation. Applied Energy. 2019; 258 ():114107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Röck; Marcella Ruschi Mendes Saade; Maria Balouktsi; Freja Nygaard Rasmussen; Harpa Birgisdottir; Rolf Frischknecht; Guillaume Habert; Thomas Lützkendorf; Alexander Passer. 2019. "Embodied GHG emissions of buildings – The hidden challenge for effective climate change mitigation." Applied Energy 258, no. : 114107.
The use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) during the design phase can help to improve the environmental performance of buildings. However, designers and clients find it difficult to set environmental performance targets and interpret the results obtained through LCA in order to improve the building design. Therefore, performance levels or benchmarks are needed that provide design guidance towards reducing the environmental impacts of buildings in the life cycle. This paper uses a dual benchmark approach. The main concept consists in combining building-related top-down targets with building component-related bottom-up benchmarks. The overall top-down targets per capita and year are derived from the capacity of the global eco system. The bottom-up benchmarks for building elements are calculated following a best-in-class (top 5%) approach. A workflow of applying these benchmarks is proposed. It provides guidance on how to optimize the environmental performance of a building and its components efficiently by differentiating between material and design-related options. The approach is exemplified by means of a case study of a multi-family house.
Alexander Hollberg; T Lützkendorf; G Habert. Using a budget approach for decision-support in the design process. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 323, 012026 .
AMA StyleAlexander Hollberg, T Lützkendorf, G Habert. Using a budget approach for decision-support in the design process. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 323 (1):012026.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Hollberg; T Lützkendorf; G Habert. 2019. "Using a budget approach for decision-support in the design process." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 323, no. 1: 012026.
Thermal insulators are crucial to reduce the high energy demands and greenhouse emissions in the construction sector. However, the fabrication of insulating materials that are cost-effective, fire resistant, and environmental-friendly remains a major challenge. In this work, we present a room-temperature processing route to fabricate porous insulators using foams made from recyclable clays that can be locally resourced at very low costs. Foams containing either pure Kaolin or a Kaolin-based clay mixture are produced through mechanical frothing or an in-situ gas-generating reaction. Surface modification of the clay particles using a cationic amphiphilic molecule leads to particle-stabilized foams that are sufficiently strong to withstand the high capillary stresses developed during water evaporation. Self-supporting insulators with up to 90% porosity and thermal conductivities as low as 0.13 W/mK can thus be obtained by simple casting and drying at ambient temperature in an ultralow energy process. Such materials can be recycled by crushing, redispersion in water, and subsequent foaming. Porous structures with higher compressive strength are optionally created by sintering the dried foams at 1000 °C. The obtained porous materials perform comparably well with existing fire-resistant insulators while offering the possibility of closed-loop processing and wide availability from local resources as well as ultralow cost and embodied energy.
Clara Minas; Julia Carpenter; Jonas Freitag; Gnanli Landrou; Elena Tervoort; Guillaume Habert; André R. Studart. Foaming of Recyclable Clays into Energy-Efficient Low-Cost Thermal Insulators. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2019, 7, 15597 -15606.
AMA StyleClara Minas, Julia Carpenter, Jonas Freitag, Gnanli Landrou, Elena Tervoort, Guillaume Habert, André R. Studart. Foaming of Recyclable Clays into Energy-Efficient Low-Cost Thermal Insulators. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2019; 7 (18):15597-15606.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClara Minas; Julia Carpenter; Jonas Freitag; Gnanli Landrou; Elena Tervoort; Guillaume Habert; André R. Studart. 2019. "Foaming of Recyclable Clays into Energy-Efficient Low-Cost Thermal Insulators." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, no. 18: 15597-15606.
The built environment is the largest single emitter of CO2 and an important consumer of energy. Much research has gone into the improved efficiency of building operation and construction products. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is commonly used to assess existing buildings or building products. Classic LCA, however, is not suited for evaluating the environmental performance of developing technologies. A new approach, anticipatory LCA (a‐LCA), promises various advantages and can be used as a design constraint during the product development stage. It helps overcome four challenges: (i) data availability, (ii) stakeholder inclusion, (iii) risk assessment, and (iv) multi‐criteria problems. This article's contribution to the line of research is twofold: first, it adapts the a‐LCA approach for construction‐specific purposes in theoretical terms for the four challenges. Second, it applies the method to an innovative prefabricated modular envelope system, the CleanTechBlock (CTB), focusing on challenge (i). Thirty‐six CTB designs are tested and compared to conventional walls. Inclusion of technology foresight is achieved through structured scenario analysis. Moreover, challenge (iv) is tackled through the analysis of different environmental impact categories, transport‐related impacts, and thickness of the wall assemblies of the CTB. The case study results show that optimized material choice and product design is needed to reach the lowest environmental impact. Methodological findings highlight the importance of context‐specific solutions and the need for benchmarking new products.
Verena Göswein; Carla Rodrigues; José D. Silvestre; Fausto Freire; Guillaume Habert; Jakob König. Using anticipatory life cycle assessment to enable future sustainable construction. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2019, 24, 178 -192.
AMA StyleVerena Göswein, Carla Rodrigues, José D. Silvestre, Fausto Freire, Guillaume Habert, Jakob König. Using anticipatory life cycle assessment to enable future sustainable construction. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2019; 24 (1):178-192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVerena Göswein; Carla Rodrigues; José D. Silvestre; Fausto Freire; Guillaume Habert; Jakob König. 2019. "Using anticipatory life cycle assessment to enable future sustainable construction." Journal of Industrial Ecology 24, no. 1: 178-192.
If supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are used as binders, the environmental impact produced by cement-based composites can be reduced. Following the substitution strategy to increase sustainability, several studies have been carried out with the aim of measuring the mechanical properties of different concrete systems, in which a portion of Portland cement was substituted with SCMs, such as fly ashes. On the other hand, studies on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) elements made with SCMs are very scarce. For this reason, in this paper, a new procedure is introduced with the aim of fulfil a new limit state of sustainability, in accordance with the serviceability and ultimate limit states required by building codes. Although the environmental impact of concrete decreases with the reduction of cement content, the proposed approach shows that the carbon dioxide emission of an RC beam is not a monotonic function of the substitution rate of cement with SCMs. On the contrary, there are favorable values of such substitution rates, which fall within a well-defined range.
Alessandro P. Fantilli; Francesco Tondolo; Bernardino Chiaia; Guillaume Habert. Designing Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials. Materials 2019, 12, 1248 .
AMA StyleAlessandro P. Fantilli, Francesco Tondolo, Bernardino Chiaia, Guillaume Habert. Designing Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials. Materials. 2019; 12 (8):1248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro P. Fantilli; Francesco Tondolo; Bernardino Chiaia; Guillaume Habert. 2019. "Designing Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Materials 12, no. 8: 1248.
The increasing use of wood in product eco-design focuses on the environmental merits of wood. Nevertheless, forest cover loss and other threats may hamper the supply of certain wood species, hence significantly impacting the economic sector. Supply risk has been intensively studied in the field of mineral resources; this has led to the emergence of the criticality concept, which evaluates the supply risks and main impacts of limited accessibility. In the case of biotic, renewable resources, lack of sustainable management can result in supply shortage. We developed here a criticality framework for wood to assess the risk of supply shortage of different wood species in different regions. Our motivation to look at wood is that it is the biotic resource most used in construction. The indicators used in the framework express all factors that can disturb the forest growth, such as fire and diseases, the sustainable supply of harvested wood, such as trade barriers and country governance, as well as the impacts of the aforementioned factors on the construction wood product system. The value of the framework and of the observations that can be derived thereof is shown through application to four different wood species. Such a criticality assessment can help define points of intervention at different geographic scales.
Dimitra Ioannidou; Regis Pommier; Guillaume Habert; Guido Sonnemann. Evaluating the risks in the construction wood product system through a criticality assessment framework. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019, 146, 68 -76.
AMA StyleDimitra Ioannidou, Regis Pommier, Guillaume Habert, Guido Sonnemann. Evaluating the risks in the construction wood product system through a criticality assessment framework. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2019; 146 ():68-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDimitra Ioannidou; Regis Pommier; Guillaume Habert; Guido Sonnemann. 2019. "Evaluating the risks in the construction wood product system through a criticality assessment framework." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 146, no. : 68-76.