We here demonstrate a facile one-step synthesis of RGO–Ni hybrid materials, where Ni²⁺ ions and GO are simultaneously reduced by γ-irradiation. RGO–Ni, with Ni nanoparticles well dispersed on the RGO surface, shows a more enhanced EM absorption ability than the individuals.

In this paper, chitosan (CS)/graphene oxide (GO) composite films were prepared, and the effect of γ-ray irradiation on the properties of composite films was investigated. The irradiation crosslinking reaction occurred in composite films with the existence of acetic acid, and the properties changed upon the various irradiation dose. The swelling degree of the composite film with 0 wt % GO decreased with the increasing of the irradiation dose, but the swelling degree of which with GO increased instead. The thermal stability increased with the increasing of the irradiation dose, but the effect of the irradiation on the thermal stability weakened as the increasing of the content of GO, due to the enhanced irradiation resistance performance. The tensile strength increased firstly and decreased subsequently with the increasing of the irradiation dose and the content of GO. Composite films showed the enhanced antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, compared to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity weakened with the increasing of the content of GO. The antibacterial activity was relatively stronger when the irradiation dose was 20 KGy. In addition, the structural, crystal, and morphological properties of composite films were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. It is worth noting that the GO was pre-functionalized via KH560 for the better compatibility with CS matrix.

Produced water that detached from petroleum production process is often reimbursed into the surrounding environment. This might have negative impact for environment; it is usually infiltrate agricultural soil and contaminate groundwater with toxic elements. These waters are often contaminated by technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORMs). It may create specific environmental issues and health radiological threats to the inhabitants, especially inside the petroleum facilities or the local population that live in areas and use the groundwater for the usual living purposes. The aim of this work is to provide an intensive review for the previous studies on the (TENORMs) that associating with the produced water from petroleum industry, and its environmental and health impacts in many areas around the globe. It is true that there is long term hazard associated with widespread behaviour of releasing produced water into the environments for both workers and local inhabitants as well as the environment itself. However, there is many studies suggesting that currently the situation could be considered in low hazard level in most of petroleum fields, but with increases in the extraction and use of petroleum, the discharge of produced water into the environment increases accordingly, this might be end up with negative impacts on the environment and health such as radiological contamination of aquatic and agricultural life.

Gamma irradiation induced synthesis of metal or metal oxides has received increasing attention due to its mild reaction conditions. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of aligned Co_xNi_1−x (x = 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0.67, 0.75) alloy nanobundles via a gamma irradiation induced simultaneous reduction of Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions with the assistance of an external magnetic field. The formation of alloy structures was confirmed by element mapping and X-ray absorption studies. Natural ferromagnetic resonance and dielectric loss mainly contribute to the electromagnetic wave absorption of the Co_xNi_1−x alloy materials, and the composition also has great influence. Co₁Ni₂ (x = 0.33) has the strongest absorption of −10.5 dB at 13.6 GHz at a thickness of 2 mm, and the electromagnetic absorption properties can be tuned by the thickness of the Co_xNi_1−x alloys. We believe synthesis of metal alloys through the gamma irradiation induced reduction technique will be appealing to other areas.