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Fabio Ippolito
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 12 July 2021 in Climate
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This study analyses the interactions and impacts between multiple factors i.e., urban greening, building layout, and meteorological conditions that characterise the urban microclimate and thermal comfort in the urban environment. The focus was on two neighbourhoods of Lecce city (southern Italy) characterised through field campaigns and modelling simulations on a typical hot summer day. Field campaigns were performed to collect greening, building geometry, and microclimate data, which were employed in numerical simulations of several greening scenarios using the Computational Fluid Dynamics-based and microclimate model ENVI-met. Results show that, on a typical summer day, trees may lead to an average daily decrease of air temperature by up to 1.00 °C and an improvement of thermal comfort in terms of Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) by up to 5.53 °C and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) by up to 0.53. This decrease is more evident when the urban greening (in terms of green surfaces and trees) is increased by 1266 m2 in the first neighbourhood and 1988 m2 in the second one, with respect to the current scenario, proving that shading effect mainly contributes to improving the urban microclimate during daytime. On the contrary, the trapping effect of heat, stored by the surfaces during the day and released during the evening, induces an increase of the spatially averaged MRT by up to 2 °C during the evenings and a slight deterioration of thermal comfort, but only locally where the concentration of high LAD trees is higher. This study contributes to a better understanding of the ecosystem services provided by greening with regard to microclimate and thermal comfort within an urban environment for several hours of the day. It adds knowledge about the role of green areas in a Mediterranean city, an important hot spot of climate change, and thus it can be a guide for important urban regeneration plans.

ACS Style

Elisa Gatto; Fabio Ippolito; Gennaro Rispoli; Oliver Carlo; Jose Santiago; Eeva Aarrevaara; Rohinton Emmanuel; Riccardo Buccolieri. Analysis of Urban Greening Scenarios for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Neighbourhoods of Lecce (Southern Italy). Climate 2021, 9, 116 .

AMA Style

Elisa Gatto, Fabio Ippolito, Gennaro Rispoli, Oliver Carlo, Jose Santiago, Eeva Aarrevaara, Rohinton Emmanuel, Riccardo Buccolieri. Analysis of Urban Greening Scenarios for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Neighbourhoods of Lecce (Southern Italy). Climate. 2021; 9 (7):116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisa Gatto; Fabio Ippolito; Gennaro Rispoli; Oliver Carlo; Jose Santiago; Eeva Aarrevaara; Rohinton Emmanuel; Riccardo Buccolieri. 2021. "Analysis of Urban Greening Scenarios for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Neighbourhoods of Lecce (Southern Italy)." Climate 9, no. 7: 116.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2020 in Atmosphere
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This paper is devoted to the assessment of urban greening effects on two important ecosystem services, i.e., air quality and CO2 storage, including the corresponding economic impacts in a real urban area, i.e., a district located in the Mediterranean city of Lecce (southern Italy). Two tools were employed, i-Tree Canopy and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) microclimate model ENVI-met. i-Tree Canopy allowed fully determining the land-cover percentage on the basis of different ground cover classes and obtaining an estimate of annual values of CO2 storage, air pollutant removal, and economic benefits in the presence of urban greening. The estimate in i-Tree Canopy considered only the amount of greening; therefore, air pollutant removal estimates were only potential. As the vegetation was located in street canyons, its interaction with local meteorology and urban geometry strictly affected the dispersion of nitrogen oxides (NOx) (taken here as an example) as obtained from ENVI-met simulations. In ENVI-met, both deposition/absorption and aerodynamic effects were considered, and local increases in concentration were found in the district. The analysis of results obtained from different tools (one complex (CFD model) and the other simple (i-Tree model)) showed the error associated with the simple model in the computation of impacts if the interaction among the vegetation characteristics, the meteorological conditions, and the urban geometry was neglected; however, it also uncovers a novel approach for comprehensively characterizing a given area in terms of its vegetation cover, CO2 storage, and economic benefits, as well as local effects on air quality. This study is set in a broader context aimed at assessing the air quality in urban canopies of Mediterranean areas characterized by the presence of narrow street canyons where pollutants can accumulate due to ineffective air exchange with the above atmosphere.

ACS Style

Riccardo Buccolieri; Elisa Gatto; Michela Manisco; Fabio Ippolito; Jose Santiago; Zhi Gao. Characterization of Urban Greening in a District of Lecce (Southern Italy) for the Analysis of CO2 Storage and Air Pollutant Dispersion. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 967 .

AMA Style

Riccardo Buccolieri, Elisa Gatto, Michela Manisco, Fabio Ippolito, Jose Santiago, Zhi Gao. Characterization of Urban Greening in a District of Lecce (Southern Italy) for the Analysis of CO2 Storage and Air Pollutant Dispersion. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (9):967.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Riccardo Buccolieri; Elisa Gatto; Michela Manisco; Fabio Ippolito; Jose Santiago; Zhi Gao. 2020. "Characterization of Urban Greening in a District of Lecce (Southern Italy) for the Analysis of CO2 Storage and Air Pollutant Dispersion." Atmosphere 11, no. 9: 967.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Forests
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This paper is devoted to the application of the modelling approach, as one of the methods for the evaluation of thermal comfort, to neighborhoods located in two cities characterized by a different climate, i.e., a Mediterranean city in southern Italy (Lecce) and a northern European city in southern Finland (Lahti). The impact of the presence of vegetation in both places is evaluated and compared, further considering alternative scenarios for thermal comfort improvement. The thermal comfort condition is expressed in terms of indices (mean radiant temperature (MRT) and predicted mean vote (PMV)). Results show that at pedestrian level the presence of vegetation lead to an improvement of thermal comfort in summer of about 2 points in both neighborhoods. This improvement is also evident observing the spatial distribution of MRT with a difference of 7 °C in the Lecce neighborhood and 3 °C in Lahti. In winter, thermal discomfort is observed in the presence of vegetation with a difference of 1.3 °C in the Lecce neighborhood and 1.5 °C in Lahti in terms of MRT. However, trees and green cover have the important potential to offset climate change impact and to make urban environments less thermally stressful. This study aims to guide urban planners towards a motivated and necessary transaction towards new green infrastructure whose effect should, however, be analyzed and investigated case by case.

ACS Style

Elisa Gatto; Riccardo Buccolieri; Eeva Aarrevaara; Fabio Ippolito; Rohinton Emmanuel; Leonardo Perronace; Jose Luis Santiago. Impact of Urban Vegetation on Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Comparison between a Mediterranean City (Lecce, Italy) and a Northern European City (Lahti, Finland). Forests 2020, 11, 228 .

AMA Style

Elisa Gatto, Riccardo Buccolieri, Eeva Aarrevaara, Fabio Ippolito, Rohinton Emmanuel, Leonardo Perronace, Jose Luis Santiago. Impact of Urban Vegetation on Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Comparison between a Mediterranean City (Lecce, Italy) and a Northern European City (Lahti, Finland). Forests. 2020; 11 (2):228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisa Gatto; Riccardo Buccolieri; Eeva Aarrevaara; Fabio Ippolito; Rohinton Emmanuel; Leonardo Perronace; Jose Luis Santiago. 2020. "Impact of Urban Vegetation on Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Comparison between a Mediterranean City (Lecce, Italy) and a Northern European City (Lahti, Finland)." Forests 11, no. 2: 228.