Currently, there is an ever-growing interest in carbon materials with increased deformation-strength, thermophysical parameters. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such materials have a wide range of applications in various industries. Many prospects for the use of polymer composite materials based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for scientific and technical purposes explain the plethora of studies on their characteristics “structure-property”, processing, application and ecology which keep appearing. Building a broader conceptual picture of new generation polymeric materials is feasible with the use of innovative technologies; thus, achieving a high level of multidisciplinarity and integration of polymer science; its fundamental problems are formed, the solution of which determines a significant contribution to the natural-scientific picture of the modern world. This review provides explanation of PVDF advanced properties and potential applications of this polymer material in its various forms. More specifically, this paper will go over PVDF trademarks presently available on the market, provide thorough overview of the current and potential applications. Last but not least, this article will also delve into the processing and chemical properties of PVDF such as radiation carbonization, β-phase formation, etc.

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Modern material science often makes use of polyvinylidene fluoride thin films because of various properties, like a high thermal and chemical stability, or a ferroelectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric activity. Fibers of this polymer material are, on the other hand, much less explored due to various issues presented by the fibrous form. By introducing carbon nanotubes via electrospinning, it is possible to affect the chemical and electrical properties of the resulting composite. In the case of this paper, the focus was on the further improvement of interesting polyvinylidene fluoride properties by incorporating carbon nanotubes, such as changing the concentration of crystalline phases and the resulting increase of the dielectric constant and conductivity. These changes in properties have been explored by several methods that focused on a structural, chemical and electrical point of view. The resulting obtained data have been documented to create a basis for further research and to increase the overall understanding of the properties and usability of polyvinylidene fluoride fiber composites.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a modern polymer material used in a wide variety of ways. Thanks to its excellent resistance to chemical or thermal degradation and low reactivity, it finds use in biology, chemistry, and electronics as well. By enriching the polymer with an easily accessible and cheap variant of graphite, it is possible to affect the ratio of crystalline phases. A correlation between the ratios of crystalline phases and different properties, like dielectric constant as well as piezo- and triboelectric properties, has been found, but the relationship between them is highly complex. These changes have been observed by a number of methods from structural, chemical and electrical points of view. Results of these methods have been documented to create a basis for further research and experimentation on the usability of this combined material in more complex structures and devices.

Electrospinning as a versatile technique producing nanofibers was employed to study the influence of the processing parameters and chemical and physical parameters of solutions on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers’ morphology, crystallinity, phase composition and dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics. PVDF fibrous layers with nano- and micro-sized fiber diameters were prepared by a controlled and reliable electrospinning process. The fibers with diameters from 276 nm to 1392 nm were spun at a voltage of 25 kV–50 kV from the pure PVDF solutions or in the presence of a surfactant—Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Although the presence of the CTAB decreased the fibers’ diameter and increased the electroactive phase content, the piezoelectric performance of the PVDF material was evidently deteriorated. The maximum piezoelectric activity was achieved in the fibrous PVDF material without the use of the surfactant, when a piezoelectric charge of 33 pC N⁻¹ was measured in the transversal direction on a mean fiber diameter of 649 nm. In this direction, the material showed a higher piezoelectric activity than in the longitudinal direction.