Recently, electric vehicles have gained enormous popularity due to their performance and efficiency. The investment in developing this new technology is justified by the increased awareness of the environmental impacts caused by combustion vehicles, such as greenhouse gas emissions, which have contributed to global warming and the depletion of oil reserves that are not renewable energy sources. Lithium-ion batteries are the most promising for electric vehicle (EV) applications. They have been widely used for their advantages, such as high energy density, many cycles, and low self-discharge. This work extensively investigates the main methods of estimating the state of charge (SoC) obtained through a literature review. A total of 109 relevant articles were found using the prism method. Some basic concepts of the state of health (SoH); a battery management system (BMS); and some models that can perform SoC estimation are presented. Challenges encountered in this task are discussed, such as the nonlinear characteristics of lithium-ion batteries that must be considered in the algorithms applied to the BMS. Thus, the set of concepts examined in this review supports the need to evolve the devices and develop new methods for estimating the SoC, which is increasingly more accurate and faster. This review shows that these tools tend to be continuously more dependent on artificial intelligence methods, especially hybrid algorithms, which require less training time and low computational cost, delivering real-time information to embedded systems.

The objective of this work is to perform a temporal comparative analysis in a network of companies in the furniture sector, in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, presenting drivers through circular economy modeling. The study was performed applying the model proposed by Saraceni et al. (2017) in a network of Furniture companies in Concórdia, Brazil. The model diagnoses the presence of industrial symbiosis practices in five domains variables involving Technical, Economic, Political, Information and Organizational Factors, influencing three spheres: by-product exchange, service sharing, and managerial cooperation. The study addressed the positive relationship aspects of the circular economy as guidelines for improving the industrial symbiosis of the network. The results of data collection in 2019 were compared with the results of the application made in 2014. The comparison revealed a significant advance from 2014 to 2019 towards Industrial Symbiosis, highlighting that corrective actions and circular economy strategies may lead this business network to be the first Industrial Symbiosis case in Brazil in the next few years, meanwhile fostering the ecological network’s process to the country.

Waste management is necessary because the inefficiency of resources in production activities leads to the generation of waste from the use of raw materials. According to the World Bank, global waste generation is expected to reach 3.4 billion tons by 2050, nearly double the amount produced in 2010 (Kaza et al., 2018 Kaza, S., Yao, L., Bhada-Tata, P., & Van Woerden, F. (2018). What a waste 2.0: a global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications. http://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1329-0. http://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1329-0... ). The problem becomes even more significant when considering the entire value chain of products. For instance, according to the FAO (2014) Food and Agriculture Organization – FAO. (2014). Food waste footprint full-cost accounting (98 p.). Rome: FAO. Retrieved in 2024, January 22, from https://www.fao.org/3/i3991e/i3991e.pdf https://www.fao.org/3/i3991e/i3991e.pdf... , if food wastage were a country, it would rank as the third-largest greenhouse gas emitter. Additionally, Steffen et al. (2015) Steffen, W., Broadgate, W., Deutsch, L., Gaffney, O., & Ludwig, C. (2015). The trajectory of the Anthropocene: the great acceleration. The Anthropocene Review, 2(1), 81-98. http://doi.org/10.1177/2053019614564785. http://doi.org/10.1177/2053019614564785... and Oliveira et al. (2021) Oliveira, J. A., Silva, D. A. L., Puglieri, F. N., & Saavedra, Y. M. B. (2021). Introduction to Life Cycle Engineering and Management (LCEM). In J. A. Oliveira, D. A. Lopes Silva, F. N. Puglieri & Y. M. B. Saavedra (Eds.), Life cycle engineering and management of products. Cham: Springer. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78044-9_1. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78044-9... explain that global socio-economic development exerts pressures and impacts on the environment, with waste generation being one of the driving forces behind this situation. Currently, the world operates with only 9% circularity, revealing a significant gap between waste generation and value creation in a life cycle approach (Fraser et al., 2023 Fraser, M., Haigh, L., & Soria, A. C. (2023). The circularity gap report 2023. Amsterdam: Circle Economy. ).