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Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz
Department of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

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Journal article
Published: 05 August 2021 in Energies
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New regulations aimed at curbing the problem of eutrophication introduce limitations for traditional ways to use the by-product of anaerobic digestion—the digestate. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be a viable way to valorise the digestate in an energy-efficient manner and at the same time maximise the synergy in terms of recovery of water, nutrients, followed by more efficient use of the remaining carbon. Additionally, hydrothermal treatment is a feasible way to recirculate recalcitrant process residues. Recirculation to anaerobic digestion enables recovery of a significant part of chemical energy lost in HTC by organics dissolved in the liquid effluent. Recirculating back to the HTC process can enhance nutrient recovery by making process water more acidic. However, such an effect of synergy can be exploited to its full extent only when viable separation techniques are applied to separate organic by-products of HTC and water. The results presented in this study show that using cascade membrane systems (microfiltration (MF) → ultrafiltration (UF) → nanofiltration (NF)), using polymeric membranes, can facilitate such separation. The best results were obtained by conducting sequential treatment of the liquid by-product of HTC in the following membrane sequence: MF 0.2 µm → UF PES 10 → NF NPO30P, which allowed reaching COD removal efficiency of almost 60%.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska; Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz; Christian Aragon-Briceño; Mateusz Wnukowski; Artur Pożarlik; Lukasz Niedzwiecki; Marcin Baranowski; Michał Czerep; Przemysław Seruga; Halina Pawlak-Kruczek; Eduard Bramer; Gerrit Brem. Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance. Energies 2021, 14, 4752 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska, Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Christian Aragon-Briceño, Mateusz Wnukowski, Artur Pożarlik, Lukasz Niedzwiecki, Marcin Baranowski, Michał Czerep, Przemysław Seruga, Halina Pawlak-Kruczek, Eduard Bramer, Gerrit Brem. Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska; Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz; Christian Aragon-Briceño; Mateusz Wnukowski; Artur Pożarlik; Lukasz Niedzwiecki; Marcin Baranowski; Michał Czerep; Przemysław Seruga; Halina Pawlak-Kruczek; Eduard Bramer; Gerrit Brem. 2021. "Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance." Energies 14, no. 16: 4752.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Energies
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Due to the rising water deficit in agriculture, digestate is increasingly being considered not only as an alternative fertiliser but also as a potential source of water. The use of recycled water for crop irrigation requires that it be treated in such a way that contaminants from the fermented biomass are not returned to the environment. Membrane processes can provide promising results in this regard. This study seeks to achieve membrane filtration using flat ceramic membranes for effective digestate liquid fraction treatment from a municipal waste biogas plant. Membranes of 1, 5, 15, and 50 kDa, and 0.14 and 0.45 µm are examined. The results obtained show that the application of a sedimentation process, as a preliminary step in the purification of the digestate, allows for a significant reduction in the content of contaminants in the solution. By analysing the effectiveness of the liquid fraction of the digestate purification in the sedimentation-membrane filtration process using flat ceramic membranes, it can be stated that all the membranes tested can be applied in the digestate purification. With an increase in the cut-off value, a deterioration in the quality of the digestate can be observed. The use of the sedimentation process before the membrane process not only improves the final quality of the digestate but also reduces the intensity of membrane fouling.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska; Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz. The Use of Flat Ceramic Membranes for Purification of the Liquid Fraction of the Digestate from Municipal Waste Biogas Plants. Energies 2021, 14, 3947 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska, Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz. The Use of Flat Ceramic Membranes for Purification of the Liquid Fraction of the Digestate from Municipal Waste Biogas Plants. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3947.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska; Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz. 2021. "The Use of Flat Ceramic Membranes for Purification of the Liquid Fraction of the Digestate from Municipal Waste Biogas Plants." Energies 14, no. 13: 3947.

Journal article
Published: 10 November 2020 in Energies
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The organic fraction of waste is increasingly used for biogas production. However, the fermentation process used for this purpose also produces waste in the form of digestate in addition to biogas. Its liquid fraction can, among other things, be a source of water, but its recovery requires many advanced technological processes. Among the first in the treatment train is usually coagulation/chemical precipitation. Its application changes properties, including the size and zeta potential (ζ) of the fractions that have to be removed in subsequent processes. Changes in particle size distribution and ζ potential occurring in the liquid fraction of municipal waste biogas plant digestate and solutions after coagulation/chemical precipitation with FeCl₃·6H₂O, PIX 112 and CaO were analyzed. The particle size distribution of the raw digestate was wide (0.4–300 µm; up to 900 µm without ultrasound). The median particle diameter was about 12 µm. The ζ potential ranged from −25 to −35 mV in the pH range 5–12, and the isoelectric point (IEP) was at pH 2. The best treatment results obtained with the use of. 10 g FeCl₃∙6H₂O/dm³ shifted particle size distribution towards finer particles (median diameter: 8 and 6 µm, respectively, before and after ultrasound). The ζ potential decreased by about 5–10 mV in the pH range 2.5–12 without changing IEP. An amount of 20 g/dm³ of FeCl₃∙6H₂O caused the disappearance of the finest and largest fraction. d50 was about 21.5 µm (17.3 µm after ultrasound). An amount of 20 g/dm³ of FeCl₃∙6H₂O generated a positive high electrokinetic potential in the range of pH 1.8–5. The IEP appeared at pH 8, and after reaching about −5 mV it again became positive at pH about 11.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska; Izabela Polowczyk; Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz; Przemysław Seruga. Characteristics of Changes in Particle Size and Zeta Potential of the Digestate Fraction from the Municipal Waste Biogas Plant Treated with the Use of Chemical Coagulation/Precipitation Processes. Energies 2020, 13, 5861 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska, Izabela Polowczyk, Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Przemysław Seruga. Characteristics of Changes in Particle Size and Zeta Potential of the Digestate Fraction from the Municipal Waste Biogas Plant Treated with the Use of Chemical Coagulation/Precipitation Processes. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):5861.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska; Izabela Polowczyk; Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz; Przemysław Seruga. 2020. "Characteristics of Changes in Particle Size and Zeta Potential of the Digestate Fraction from the Municipal Waste Biogas Plant Treated with the Use of Chemical Coagulation/Precipitation Processes." Energies 13, no. 22: 5861.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2020 in Energies
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Agriculture affects both the quantity and the quality of water available for other purposes, which becomes problematic, especially during increasingly frequent severe droughts. This requires tapping into the resources that are typically neglected. One such resource is a by-product of anaerobic digestion, in which moisture content typically exceeds 90%. Application of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to this residue could partially remove organic and inorganic material, improve dewatering, decrease the overall solid mass, sanitize the digestate, change its properties, and eliminate problems related with emissions of odors from the installation. However, a significant gap still exists in terms of the dewatering of the hydrochars and the composition of the effluents. This work presents results of experimental investigation focused on the removal of organic compounds from the HTC effluent. Results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquid by-products of HTC of the agricultural digestate showed that acetic acid, 3-pyridinol, 1-hydroxyacetone, and 1,3-propanediol were the main liquid organic products of the process. Application of ultrafiltration process with the use of 10 kDa membrane for liquid HTC by-product treatment allows for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand up to 30%, biological oxygen demand up to 10%, and dissolved organic carbon up to 21%.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska; Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz; Mateusz Wnukowski; Przemysław Seruga; Marcin Baranowski; Halina Pawlak-Kruczek; Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk; Krystian Krochmalny; Lukasz Niedzwiecki. Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation. Energies 2020, 13, 262 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska, Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Mateusz Wnukowski, Przemysław Seruga, Marcin Baranowski, Halina Pawlak-Kruczek, Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk, Krystian Krochmalny, Lukasz Niedzwiecki. Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation. Energies. 2020; 13 (1):262.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Urbanowska; Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz; Mateusz Wnukowski; Przemysław Seruga; Marcin Baranowski; Halina Pawlak-Kruczek; Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk; Krystian Krochmalny; Lukasz Niedzwiecki. 2020. "Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation." Energies 13, no. 1: 262.