Aquatic insect fauna remains an important tool for bio indication of environmental disturbance, while maintaining a healthy aquatic system. The purpose of the study was to document and to identify the diversity and distribution patterns of aquatic insect, a highly ignored aspect from the Qatar. Following the standard procedures, the samples were collected from aquatic habitats during the period October 2015 to May 2017 on monthly basis. A total of 11,287 individuals, belonging to 6 orders were captured. Dipterans were the abundant with the percentages of 71.01 (n=8,015), while the lowest percentage was observed for Coleoptera 0.04 (n=05). Twelve insects families were identified, among these five were reported under Diptera, followed by Hemiptera (03), while Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera were represented by single families. Among the selected localities, Dipterans were collected from 10 stations, followed by Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) and Trichoptera (1) respectively. Among the water bodies samples, streams were the most preferred habitats (n=2,767), while drinking water pools were the least (27). Moreover, the highest Simpson diversity index of 1.48 and lowest of 0.47 was recorded for flooded sewage pool and plastic containers respectively, while the low evenness values were observed for ponds, and less than 1 Margalef’s diversity values were seen for all habitats. This study documents the patterns of the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects, and provides a baseline for the future studies from Qatar.

Microplastic (MP) pollution poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems. In this study, MP accumulation in the gastrointestinal tracts of 170 samples of four commercially important fish species in Qatar has been assessed along with their level of risk. MP-like particles were extracted via chemical digestion and density separation, and were analysed using stereomicroscopy method. Fibers were the dominant MP shape, with blue being the most common colour. The polymer composition of MP-like particles was further analysed using µ-Raman spectroscopy, and the results confirmed only 7 particles (4.12% of the total 170 fish samples) as MPs (> 70% match with polymer library databases). Polymer analysis confirmed the presence of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in the fish digestive tracts. The mean abundance of 0.070 ± 0.090 MPs/g of fish gut is relatively low, compared to the results reported in other regions of the Gulf and also globally. The herbivorous Siganus canaliculatus ingested more MPs than the other three carnivorous species, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic, obligate intracellular Gram‐negative bacterium that poses significant public and veterinary health challenges. This review aimed to assess the One Health burden of C. burnetii in the Arabian Peninsula by estimating the pooled prevalence and associated risk factors of the disease to guide control at the human–animal–environment interface. Following PRISMA guidelines and registration in OSF, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Arabic Collection Site, EBSCOhost, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 320 articles were gathered, from where 64 articles were selected for the review. C. burnetii was reported in humans (28 studies), livestock (51), dogs (2), wildlife (3), and other samples (6). Human seroprevalence was estimated at 20.3%, with most cases attributed to exposure to ruminants. Among domestic ruminants, the pooled seroprevalence was 40.7%, highest in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA; 72.2%), followed by the United Arab Emirates (UAE; 31.1%), and Iraq (19.5%). Large ruminants infested with ticks had a significantly higher seroprevalence (74.0%) compared to those without infestation (25.1%). Overall, 17.9% of samples tested from ruminants were positive by PCR. The highest detection rate was observed in reproductive samples (73.5%), followed by feces (61.2%) and milk (32.3%). Meta‐regression revealed significant associations between prevalence and specific factors, including country, tick infestation, and sample type. The review also suggests that additional, unmeasured, or context‐specific factors may influence disease dynamics. The study highlights substantial knowledge gaps despite the zoonotic and economic importance of C. burnetii in the region. A coordinated One Health surveillance framework is urgently needed to better understand its distribution, transmission dynamics, and impact on human and animal health and productivity in the Arabian Peninsula.