The article is devoted to finding the answer to two research questions. What illegal practices are most significant for clusters of developed countries formed by similarities in trends in corruption, shadow economy, money laundering, and crime rates? What social, economic, regulatory, and digital factors most influence them in each group? The pair correlation coefficients for illicit practices indicators confirm the presence of tight and statistically significant relationships in their trends for 36 developed countries. The agglomerative clustering and canonical analysis results identified that tackling the shadow economy is crucial for Estonia, Slovenia, and Lithuania; corruption for Portugal, Hungary, Cyprus, etc.; the shadow sector and crime levels for Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and New Zealand; corruption, money laundering, and crime for Canada, Germany, the USA, etc.; four illegal practices for Italy, Greece, Turkey, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Romania. The canonical analysis revealed that social and regulatory factors influence the trends of illicit practices in developed countries more than economic and digital ones. Network analysis showed their single moderate influence in most cases. Edge evidence probability analysis confirmed a high probability of a relationship between some pairs of social, economic, regulatory, digital and illegal indicators. However, Bayesian network analysis showed a low likelihood of mutual influence of single factors, confirming the importance of the group influence.

Type of the article: Research ArticleAbstractThe interaction of humans with artificial intelligence and cyber-physical systems opens the way to understanding the role of humans in modern industrial ecosystems. The research purpose is to examine the roles and functions of humans in implementing Industry 5.0 through the analysis of personality transformations in social and labor entities. A structured review methodology that synthesizes existing research on Industry 5.0 as a human-centric direction using systematic and transparent procedures (framing the question, identifying relevant publications in the Scopus database, summarizing the evidence, and interpreting the findings) is used. Within Industry 5.0, the physiological needs of a bio-human (needs for food, water, living conditions, etc.) and the technocratic interests of a labor-human (the desire to earn money, career growth, prestige, etc.) are overwhelmed in terms of time and effort by the socio-human personality needs (intellectual development, the realization of creative abilities, and obtaining knowledge). In complex technical tasks and strategic decision-making processes, humans continue to play a key role, emphasizing that full automation is not possible in all areas, and a human-centric approach remains the basis of production systems. Among the key personality skills needed for Industry 5.0 are analytical and creative thinking, the ability to design technology, critical thinking, ability to solve complex problems, leadership skills, emotional intelligence, and generating new ideas. Industry 5.0 promotes the consumption of mainly information and services dictated by the informational (spiritual) nature of the personality and relatively depresses the use of materials and services, dictated by the material nature of the human-bio.AcknowledgmentsThis study is conducted within the project “Restructuring of the national economy in the direction of digital transformations for sustainable development” (№0122U001232) from the National Research Foundation of Ukraine.

The circular economy is often seen as a technical issue and focuses on the better organization of work processes. A more accurate and holistic approach to the cycle can help create a better and more inclusive future for all. The circular economy has been linked to several SDGs in previous research, of which our research focuses on SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production). Young people play a key role in achieving a circular future (as an organizing principle of the socio-economic system). In our research, we asked 1,442 university students (most born around 2000) about their awareness, understanding, and participation in the social cycle using a standardized questionnaire. Our research shows that those who consider themselves environmentally conscious are more likely to recycle and collect separately, but it is not clear that they are involved in extending the life of objects (exchange, second market, etc.). Our research found that students don’t use, but are typically unaware of, internet applications that promote circular living.

Extensive research has shown that urbanisation has a profound effect on the local climate system, leading to the formation of urban heat island. Exposure to urban heat islands poses a major health risk, and there is a growing body of literature recognising that urban population groups with particular demographic characteristics living in specific types of residential environments are disproportionately affected. By combining surface urban heat island data from the Global Surface Urban Heat Island Explorer with neighbourhood-level data on demographics and the type of housing, this study assesses disproportionate exposure to surface urban heat island intensity in the city of Győr, Hungary. Results of the study highlight the importance of targeted interventions for environmental justice, especially in areas characterised by housing estates, high population density and high ageing index.

The effects of the Russian-Ukrainian war on Ukraine's demographic landscape are immense. One key consideration is whether Ukrainian refugee women intend to return to their country after the war ends. If the return is planned, the question of whether they would wish to have children is also relevant. This study explored these issues by surveying women who fled to Hungary and the Netherlands. Among those surveyed, 42% did not plan to return under any circumstances, and only 12% intended to return even if their home area came under Russian control. Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing the intention to return, with reluctance to have additional children and income earned through employment emerging as the strongest explanatory factors. However, we found only modest associations between the intention to return and other variables. Our findings suggest that deeply rooted personal preferences shape these women’s plans.