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Ana Badea
Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2701 Grand Valley Road, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada

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Book chapter
Published: 17 May 2021 in Cereal Grains [Working Title]
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L) is one of the major cereal grains grown in temperate countries and ranked globally as the fourth largest grain crop. Currently, it is produced in more than 100 countries around the world with a global production of approximatively 159 million tonnes and 51 million hectares in 2019. The production and value-added barley products impact breweries, food processors, feed mills, and livestock operations. Barley grain is used primarily as an energy and protein source in beef cattle diets and as a malt source for alcoholic beverages, especially in the beer industry. Also, barley is used in bread, soups, stews, and health products since the barley grain is rich in several health-boosting components. As such, barley is high in protein, fibre, vitamins and natural bioactive antioxidants such as phenolics and lipids. However the studies of bioactive and nutritional properties of barley and the utilization of the crop as a functional food in animal and human diet is still limited. The work herein provides a review covering world production, end-use and processing, nutritional attributes, and will advocate its potential as a functional food for animal and human health and its role in preventing some chronic diseases.

ACS Style

Ana Badea; Champa Wijekoon. Benefits of Barley Grain in Animal and Human Diets. Cereal Grains [Working Title] 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana Badea, Champa Wijekoon. Benefits of Barley Grain in Animal and Human Diets. Cereal Grains [Working Title]. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Badea; Champa Wijekoon. 2021. "Benefits of Barley Grain in Animal and Human Diets." Cereal Grains [Working Title] , no. : 1.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 04 February 2021 in G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important global crops. The six-row barley cultivar Morex reference genome has been used by the barley research community worldwide. However, this reference genome can have limitations when used for genomic and genetic diversity analysis studies, gene discovery, and marker development when working in two-row germplasm that is more common to Canadian barley. Here we assembled, for the first time, the genome sequence of a Canadian two-row malting barley, cultivar AAC Synergy. We applied deep Illumina paired-end reads, long mate-pair reads, PacBio sequences, 10X chromium linked read libraries, and chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C) to generate a contiguous assembly. The genome assembled from super-scaffolds had a size of 4.85 Gb, N50 of 2.32 Mb, and an estimated 93.9% of complete genes from a plant database (BUSCO, benchmarking universal single-copy orthologous genes). After removal of small scaffolds (< 300 Kb), the assembly was arranged into pseudomolecules of 4.14 Gb in size with seven chromosomes plus unanchored scaffolds. The completeness and annotation of the assembly were assessed by comparing it with the updated version of six-row Morex and recently released two-row Golden Promise genome assemblies.

ACS Style

Wayne Xu; James R Tucker; Wubishet A Bekele; Frank M You; Yong-Bi Fu; Raja Khanal; Zhen Yao; Jaswinder Singh; Brian Boyle; Aaron D Beattie; François Belzile; Martin Mascher; Nicholas A Tinker; Ana Badea. Genome Assembly of the Canadian two-row Malting Barley cultivar AAC Synergy. G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 2021, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Wayne Xu, James R Tucker, Wubishet A Bekele, Frank M You, Yong-Bi Fu, Raja Khanal, Zhen Yao, Jaswinder Singh, Brian Boyle, Aaron D Beattie, François Belzile, Martin Mascher, Nicholas A Tinker, Ana Badea. Genome Assembly of the Canadian two-row Malting Barley cultivar AAC Synergy. G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics. 2021; 11 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wayne Xu; James R Tucker; Wubishet A Bekele; Frank M You; Yong-Bi Fu; Raja Khanal; Zhen Yao; Jaswinder Singh; Brian Boyle; Aaron D Beattie; François Belzile; Martin Mascher; Nicholas A Tinker; Ana Badea. 2021. "Genome Assembly of the Canadian two-row Malting Barley cultivar AAC Synergy." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 11, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2020 in Plants
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Waterlogging is a major abiotic stress causing oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the rhizosphere. Barley is more susceptible to waterlogging stress than other cereals. To gain a better understanding, the genome-wide gene expression responses in roots of waterlogged barley seedlings of Yerong and Deder2 were analyzed by RNA-Sequencing. A total of 6736, 5482, and 4538 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in waterlogged roots of Yerong at 72 h and Deder2 at 72 and 120 h, respectively, compared with the non-waterlogged control. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that the most significant changes in GO terms, resulted from these DEGs observed under waterlogging stress, were related to primary and secondary metabolism, regulation, and oxygen carrier activity. In addition, more than 297 transcription factors, including members of MYB, AP2/EREBP, NAC, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, and G2-like families, were identified as waterlogging responsive. Tentative important contributors to waterlogging tolerance in Deder2 might be the highest up-regulated DEGs: Trichome birefringence, α/β-Hydrolases, Xylanase inhibitor, MATE efflux, serine carboxypeptidase, and SAUR-like auxin-responsive protein. The study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to waterlogging in barley, which will be of benefit for future studies of molecular responses to waterlogging and will greatly assist barley genetic research and breeding.

ACS Style

Ana Borrego-Benjumea; Adam Carter; James R. Tucker; Zhen Yao; Wayne Xu; Ana Badea. Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Expression Provides New Insights into Waterlogging Responses in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plants 2020, 9, 240 .

AMA Style

Ana Borrego-Benjumea, Adam Carter, James R. Tucker, Zhen Yao, Wayne Xu, Ana Badea. Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Expression Provides New Insights into Waterlogging Responses in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plants. 2020; 9 (2):240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Borrego-Benjumea; Adam Carter; James R. Tucker; Zhen Yao; Wayne Xu; Ana Badea. 2020. "Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Expression Provides New Insights into Waterlogging Responses in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Plants 9, no. 2: 240.

Review
Published: 31 October 2019 in Toxins
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Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced by fungi from the order Hypocreales, including members of the Fusarium genus that infect cereal grain crops. Different trichothecene-producing Fusarium species and strains have different trichothecene chemotypes belonging to the Type A and B class. These fungi cause a disease of small grain cereals, called Fusarium head blight, and their toxins contaminate host tissues. As potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis, trichothecenes pose a health risk to human and animal consumers of infected cereal grains. In 2009, Foroud and Eudes published a review of trichothecenes in cereal grains for human consumption. As an update to this review, the work herein provides a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary review of the Fusarium trichothecenes covering topics in chemistry and biochemistry, pathogen biology, trichothecene toxicity, molecular mechanisms of resistance or detoxification, genetics of resistance and breeding strategies to reduce their contamination of wheat and barley.

ACS Style

Nora A. Foroud; Danica Baines; Tatiana Y. Gagkaeva; Nehal Thakor; Ana Badea; Barbara Steiner; Maria Bürstmayr; Hermann Bürstmayr. Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains – An Update. Toxins 2019, 11, 634 .

AMA Style

Nora A. Foroud, Danica Baines, Tatiana Y. Gagkaeva, Nehal Thakor, Ana Badea, Barbara Steiner, Maria Bürstmayr, Hermann Bürstmayr. Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains – An Update. Toxins. 2019; 11 (11):634.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nora A. Foroud; Danica Baines; Tatiana Y. Gagkaeva; Nehal Thakor; Ana Badea; Barbara Steiner; Maria Bürstmayr; Hermann Bürstmayr. 2019. "Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains – An Update." Toxins 11, no. 11: 634.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2019 in Toxins
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a multipurpose crop that can be harvested as grain or cut prior to maturity for use as forage. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of barley that reduces quality of grain. FHB can also result in the accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Breeding FHB resistant varieties has been a long-term goal of many barley-producing countries, including Canada. While the genetic basis of DON detoxification via production of less-phytotoxic conjugates such as DON-3-glucoside (DON3G) is well documented in barley, little information exists in reference to varietal response. Over two years, 16 spring, two-row barley genotypes, of importance to western Canadian barley breeding programs, were grown as short-rows and inoculated following spike emergence with a Fusarium graminearum conidia suspension. Half of the plots were harvested at soft dough stage and then dissected into rachis and grain components, whereas the remainder was harvested at maturity. Multiple Fusarium-mycotoxins were assayed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mycotoxin content was elevated at the earlier harvest point, especially in the rachis tissue. DON3G constituted a significant percentage (26%) of total trichothecene content and thus its co-occurrence with DON should be considered by barley industries. DON3G was highly correlated with DON and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON). The ratio of D3G/DON exhibited consistency across genotypes, however more-resistant genotypes were characterized by a higher ratio at the soft-dough stage followed by a decrease at maturity. Plant breeding practices that use DON content as a biomarker for resistance would likely result in the development of barley cultivars with lower total DON-like compounds.

ACS Style

James R. Tucker; Ana Badea; Richard Blagden; Kerri Pleskach; Sheryl A. Tittlemier; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside Content Is Highly Associated with Deoxynivalenol Levels in Two-Row Barley Genotypes of Importance to Canadian Barley Breeding Programs. Toxins 2019, 11, 319 .

AMA Style

James R. Tucker, Ana Badea, Richard Blagden, Kerri Pleskach, Sheryl A. Tittlemier, W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside Content Is Highly Associated with Deoxynivalenol Levels in Two-Row Barley Genotypes of Importance to Canadian Barley Breeding Programs. Toxins. 2019; 11 (6):319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James R. Tucker; Ana Badea; Richard Blagden; Kerri Pleskach; Sheryl A. Tittlemier; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. 2019. "Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside Content Is Highly Associated with Deoxynivalenol Levels in Two-Row Barley Genotypes of Importance to Canadian Barley Breeding Programs." Toxins 11, no. 6: 319.