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During the spring of 2019, distinct virus-like symptoms were observed in the Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in Egypt in naturally infected eggplants. Leaves of affected plants showed interveinal leaf chlorosis, net yellow, chlorotic sectors, mottling, blisters, vein enation, necrotic intervention, and narrowing symptoms. The Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was suspected of to be involved in this disease. Forty plant samples from symptomatic eggplants and 10 leaf samples with no symptoms were collected. The samples were tested by double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) using AMV-IgG. Six of the 40 symptomatic leaf samples tested positive for AMV, while, DAS-ELISA found no AMV in the 10 leaf samples without symptoms. The AMV Egyptian isolate (AMV-Eggplant-EG) was biologically isolated from the six positive samples tested by DAS-ELISA and from the similar local lesions induced on Chenopodium amaranticolor and then re-inoculated in healthy Solanum melongena as a source of AMV-Eggplant-EG and confirmed by DAS-ELISA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay with a pair of primers specific for coat protein (CP) encoding RNA 3 of AMV yielded an amplicon of 666 bp from infected plants of Solanum melongena with AMV-Eggplant-EG. The amplified PCR product was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the AMV-Eggplant-EG sequence revealed 666 nucleotides (nt) of the complete CP gene (translating 221 amino acid (aa) residues). Analysis of phylogeny for nt and deduced aa sequences of the CP gene using the maximum parsimony method clustered AMV-Eggplant-EG in the lineage of Egyptian isolates (shark-EG, mans-EG, CP2-EG, and FRE-EG) with a high bootstrap value of 88% and 92%, respectively. In addition to molecular studies, melatonin (MTL) and salicylic acid (SA) (100 μM) were used to increase the resistance of eggplant to AMV- infection. Foliar spray with MLT and SA caused a significant increase in the morphological criteria (shoot, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, and leaf biomass), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, antioxidant enzymes, and gene expression of some enzymes compared to the infected plants. On the other hand, treatment with MLT and SA reduced the oxidative damage caused by AMV through the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and malondialdehyde. In conclusion, MLT and SA are eco-friendly compounds and can be used as antiviral compounds.
Ahmed Sofy; Mahmoud Sofy; Ahmed Hmed; Rehab Dawoud; Ehab Refaey; Heba Mohamed; Noha El-Dougdoug. Molecular Characterization of the Alfalfa mosaic virus Infecting Solanum melongena in Egypt and the Control of Its Deleterious Effects with Melatonin and Salicylic Acid. Plants 2021, 10, 459 .
AMA StyleAhmed Sofy, Mahmoud Sofy, Ahmed Hmed, Rehab Dawoud, Ehab Refaey, Heba Mohamed, Noha El-Dougdoug. Molecular Characterization of the Alfalfa mosaic virus Infecting Solanum melongena in Egypt and the Control of Its Deleterious Effects with Melatonin and Salicylic Acid. Plants. 2021; 10 (3):459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed Sofy; Mahmoud Sofy; Ahmed Hmed; Rehab Dawoud; Ehab Refaey; Heba Mohamed; Noha El-Dougdoug. 2021. "Molecular Characterization of the Alfalfa mosaic virus Infecting Solanum melongena in Egypt and the Control of Its Deleterious Effects with Melatonin and Salicylic Acid." Plants 10, no. 3: 459.
In recent years, nutrient management has gained much attention as a way to mitigate heavy metal stress. Silicon (Si) promotes plant defense responses against toxic metal stresses. In this study, we evaluated the effects of silicon (Si) on copper (Cu) toxicity in two flax genotypes (Sakha 1 and Sakha 2) as it relates to plant growth, yield attributes, total chlorophyll, nucleic acid content, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, copper and silicon content, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that Cu (100 and 200 µM) inhibited plant growth and increased Cu accumulation in soil, roots, and shoots. Cu significantly decreased the yield attributes, total chlorophyll by 9.5% and 22% in Sakha 1 and by 22.5% and 29% in Sakha 2, and enhanced the accumulation of non-enzymatic (tocopherol), enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismnutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) and secondary metabolites (phenol and flavonoids). The DNA content significantly decreased in stressed plants with 100 and 200 µM Cu about 22% and 44%, respectively, in Sakha 1 and about 21.6% and 34.7% in Sakha 2, and RNA content also decreased by about 20% and 29%, respectively, in Sakha 1 and by about 2% and 13% in Sakha 2 compared to the control plant. Furthermore, Cu stress accelerated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and induced cellular oxidative injury caused by lipid peroxidation. In parallel, Cu induced a change in the composition of fatty acids, resulting in lower unsaturated fatty acid levels and increased saturated fatty acids (increased saturation/unsaturation ratio for both genotypes). Treating the flax plants with irrigation three times with Si protected the plants from Cu toxicity. Si treatment decreased the uptake and the transport of Cu to the shoots and harvested seeds and promoted plant growth, yield attributes, and antioxidant defense systems by reducing Cu accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of H2O2. In addition, the alleviation of Cu toxicity correlated with increased Si accumulation in the roots and shoots. In conclusion, Si can be used to improve the resistance of flax plants to Cu toxicity by up-regulating the antioxidant defense system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) and decreasing the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Hossam El-Beltagi; Mahmoud Sofy; Mohammed Aldaej; Heba Mohamed. Silicon Alleviates Copper Toxicity in Flax Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant Defense and Secondary Metabolites and Decreasing Oxidative Damage. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4732 .
AMA StyleHossam El-Beltagi, Mahmoud Sofy, Mohammed Aldaej, Heba Mohamed. Silicon Alleviates Copper Toxicity in Flax Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant Defense and Secondary Metabolites and Decreasing Oxidative Damage. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4732.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHossam El-Beltagi; Mahmoud Sofy; Mohammed Aldaej; Heba Mohamed. 2020. "Silicon Alleviates Copper Toxicity in Flax Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant Defense and Secondary Metabolites and Decreasing Oxidative Damage." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4732.
Boron (B) is a microelement required in vascular plants at a high concentration that produces excess boron and toxicity in many crops. B stress occurs widely and limits plant growth and crop productivity worldwide. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential hormone in plants and is a phenolic compound. The goal of this work is to explore the role of SA in the alleviation of excess B (10 mg L−1) in watermelon plants at a morphological and biochemical level. Excess boron altered the nutrient concentrations and caused a significant reduction in morphological criteria; chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids; net photosynthetic rate; and the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of watermelon seedlings, while intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) was significantly increased compared to the control plants (0.5 mg L−1 B). Furthermore, excess boron accelerated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and induced cellular oxidative injury. The application of exogenous SA significantly increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in plants exposed to excess B (10 mg L−1), in line with the role of SA in alleviating chlorosis caused by B stress. Exogenously applied SA promoted photosynthesis and, consequently, biomass production in watermelon seedlings treated with a high level of B (10 mg L−1) by reducing B accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of H2O2, while significantly increasing levels of the most reactive ROS, OH−. SA also activated antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and protected the seedlings from an ROS induced cellular burst. In conclusion, SA can be used to alleviate the adverse effects of excess boron.
Mohamed Moustafa-Farag; Heba I. Mohamed; Ahmed Mahmoud; Amr Elkelish; Amarendra N. Misra; Kateta Malangisha Guy; Muhammad Kamran; Shaoying Ai; Mingfang Zhang. Salicylic Acid Stimulates Antioxidant Defense and Osmolyte Metabolism to Alleviate Oxidative Stress in Watermelons under Excess Boron. Plants 2020, 9, 724 .
AMA StyleMohamed Moustafa-Farag, Heba I. Mohamed, Ahmed Mahmoud, Amr Elkelish, Amarendra N. Misra, Kateta Malangisha Guy, Muhammad Kamran, Shaoying Ai, Mingfang Zhang. Salicylic Acid Stimulates Antioxidant Defense and Osmolyte Metabolism to Alleviate Oxidative Stress in Watermelons under Excess Boron. Plants. 2020; 9 (6):724.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Moustafa-Farag; Heba I. Mohamed; Ahmed Mahmoud; Amr Elkelish; Amarendra N. Misra; Kateta Malangisha Guy; Muhammad Kamran; Shaoying Ai; Mingfang Zhang. 2020. "Salicylic Acid Stimulates Antioxidant Defense and Osmolyte Metabolism to Alleviate Oxidative Stress in Watermelons under Excess Boron." Plants 9, no. 6: 724.
Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) is a deadly plant virus that results in crop-yield losses with serious economic consequences. In recent years, environmentally friendly components have been developed to manage crop diseases as alternatives to chemical pesticides, including the use of natural compounds such as glycine betaine (GB) and chitosan (CHT), either alone or in combination. In the present study, the leaves of the cucumber plants were foliar-sprayed with GB and CHT—either alone or in combination—to evaluate their ability to induce resistance against CMV. The results showed a significant reduction in disease severity and CMV accumulation in plants treated with GB and CHT, either alone or in combination, compared to untreated plants (challenge control). In every treatment, growth indices, leaf chlorophylls content, phytohormones (i.e., indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid), endogenous osmoprotectants (i.e., proline, soluble sugars and glycine betaine), non-enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., ascorbic acid, glutathione and phenols) and enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, lipoxygenase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, chitinase and β-1,3 glucanase) of virus-infected plants were significantly increased. On the other hand, malondialdehyde and abscisic acid contents have been significantly reduced. Based on a gene expression study, all treated plants exhibited increased expression levels of some regulatory defense genes such as PR1 and PAL1. In conclusion, the combination of GB and CHT is the most effective treatment in alleviated virus infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the induction of systemic resistance against CMV by using GB.
Ahmed R. Sofy; Rehab A. Dawoud; Mahmoud R. Sofy; Heba I. Mohamed; Ahmed A. Hmed; Noha K. El-Dougdoug. Improving Regulation of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and Stress-Related Gene Stimulation in Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus-Infected Cucumber Plants Treated with Glycine Betaine, Chitosan and Combination. Molecules 2020, 25, 2341 .
AMA StyleAhmed R. Sofy, Rehab A. Dawoud, Mahmoud R. Sofy, Heba I. Mohamed, Ahmed A. Hmed, Noha K. El-Dougdoug. Improving Regulation of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and Stress-Related Gene Stimulation in Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus-Infected Cucumber Plants Treated with Glycine Betaine, Chitosan and Combination. Molecules. 2020; 25 (10):2341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed R. Sofy; Rehab A. Dawoud; Mahmoud R. Sofy; Heba I. Mohamed; Ahmed A. Hmed; Noha K. El-Dougdoug. 2020. "Improving Regulation of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and Stress-Related Gene Stimulation in Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus-Infected Cucumber Plants Treated with Glycine Betaine, Chitosan and Combination." Molecules 25, no. 10: 2341.
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal (HM) that harms plant growth and productivity. Phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), and osmoprotectants, such as proline (Pro), play an important role in the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. We investigated the effect of exogenous applications of JA, SA, Pro, and their combination on Pb-stress tolerance in maize as well as their effect on physiological, biochemical, and yield traits. Pb exposure severely affected maize plants, reducing growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) nutrients, as well as enhancing electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, osmolytes, and non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The application of JA, SA, Pro, and their combination enhanced plant growth and induced pigment biosynthesis, and decreased EL, MDA accumulation, and Pb concentration. All treatments enhanced Pro and total soluble sugar production, glutathione activity, ascorbic acid, phenol, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and mineral nutrients. JA, SA, and Pro application improved physiological processes directly or indirectly, thereby enhancing the ability of maize plants to overcome oxidative damage caused by Pb toxicity. The combination of JA, SA, and Pro was the most efficient treatment for maize plant growth and development, eliminating the negative consequences of Pb stress.
Mahmoud R. Sofy; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Bushra A. Alhammad; Basmah M. Alharbi; Heba I. Mohamed. Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline. Agronomy 2020, 10, 699 .
AMA StyleMahmoud R. Sofy, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Bushra A. Alhammad, Basmah M. Alharbi, Heba I. Mohamed. Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (5):699.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud R. Sofy; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Bushra A. Alhammad; Basmah M. Alharbi; Heba I. Mohamed. 2020. "Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline." Agronomy 10, no. 5: 699.
In recent years, the harmful effects of drought stress have been be mitigated by using bioactive compounds such as antioxidants and osmolytes. In this research, pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid, glutathione and proline on alleviating the harmful effect of drought stress in chickpea plants during season 2017. Chickpea plant seeds were soaked in ascorbic acid (0.75 mM), glutathione (0.75 mM), proline (0.75 mM) singly and/or in sequence combinations for 4 h and then planted in pots. The pots were irrigated with water after seven days (to serve as control), after 14 days (moderate drought stress) and after 28 days (severe drought stress). The sequence combination of antioxidants and proline under drought stress has not been studied yet. The results showed significantly decreased in plant growth, yielding characteristics, photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein content in response to moderate and severe drought stress. Moreover, treatment with antioxidants caused increment the antioxidant enzyme activity, non-enzymatic antioxidant (ascorbic acid and glutathione) contents and endogenous proline in stressed and unstressed plants. In conclusion, The sequence combination of antioxidants and proline caused improvement in plant growth under drought stress by up-regulating the antioxidant defense system and osmolyte synthesis.
Hossam S. El-Beltagi; Heba I. Mohamed; Mahmoud R. Sofy. Role of Ascorbic acid, Glutathione and Proline Applied as Singly or in Sequence Combination in Improving Chickpea Plant through Physiological Change and Antioxidant Defense under Different Levels of Irrigation Intervals. Molecules 2020, 25, 1702 .
AMA StyleHossam S. El-Beltagi, Heba I. Mohamed, Mahmoud R. Sofy. Role of Ascorbic acid, Glutathione and Proline Applied as Singly or in Sequence Combination in Improving Chickpea Plant through Physiological Change and Antioxidant Defense under Different Levels of Irrigation Intervals. Molecules. 2020; 25 (7):1702.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHossam S. El-Beltagi; Heba I. Mohamed; Mahmoud R. Sofy. 2020. "Role of Ascorbic acid, Glutathione and Proline Applied as Singly or in Sequence Combination in Improving Chickpea Plant through Physiological Change and Antioxidant Defense under Different Levels of Irrigation Intervals." Molecules 25, no. 7: 1702.
The present work was carried out in order to determine the effects of calcium nitrate and humic acid applications either separately or in combination on the growth and fruit yield quality of pepper plants under salt stress condition. Two different concentrations of calcium nitrate (Ca1; 60 mg/kg soil and Ca2; 120 mg/kg soil) were applied to the soil before sowing whereas humic acid applications (HA1; 750 mg/kg soil and HA2; 1500 mg/kg soil) were performed during plant growth (at the third true leaves stage). Plants were irrigated with saline water in a concentration of 100 mM NaCl. Data showed that applications of both concentrations of humic acid and lower concentration of calcium nitrate (Ca1) individually caused significant increases in growth parameters, RWC, photosynthetic pigments, minerals content, non-enzymatic antioxidants contents of the plants under normal and salt stress conditions. Moreover, fruit antioxidant compounds and quality of fruits (capsaicin, lycopene, β-carotene, total phenol, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity) were improved by using theses treatments. The combined treatment of Ca1 and HA2 was the most effective one on the previous criteria under salt stress conditions. Therefore, the usage of humic acid and calcium could be suggested to improve the soil properties, growth and antioxidant capacity of pepper plants and to mitigate the damage caused by salt stress.
Samia Ageeb Akladious; Heba Ibrahim Mohamed. Ameliorative effects of calcium nitrate and humic acid on the growth, yield component and biochemical attribute of pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) plants grown under salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae 2018, 236, 244 -250.
AMA StyleSamia Ageeb Akladious, Heba Ibrahim Mohamed. Ameliorative effects of calcium nitrate and humic acid on the growth, yield component and biochemical attribute of pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) plants grown under salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 2018; 236 ():244-250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamia Ageeb Akladious; Heba Ibrahim Mohamed. 2018. "Ameliorative effects of calcium nitrate and humic acid on the growth, yield component and biochemical attribute of pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) plants grown under salt stress." Scientia Horticulturae 236, no. : 244-250.