Analytical chemistry research has shifted towards environmentally friendly substitutes that reduce waste and avoid hazardous substances. These efforts align with broader environmental goals and inspire sustainable and responsible science. The objective of this work is to develop and validate an analytical method and verify its greenness using specific tools, including analytical GREEnness (AGREE), analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep), green analytical procedure index, complex green analytical procedure index, analytical Eco-Scale, analytical method volume intensity, analytical method greenness score, and HPLC-EAT (Environmental Assessment Tool). Effective treatment of chronic cough relies heavily on adequately utilizing salbutamol (SAL) and guaifenesin (GUA) in the presence of sodium benzoate (SOB) preservative. The isocratic elution mode used the Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (15 cm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm). It could move 1.5 mL·min ⁻¹ , hold 50 µL, have a column temperature of 30°C, and have an autosampler temperature of 5°C. It could detect UV light at 276 nm and had a mobile phase of 80:20 v/v buffer solution and acetonitrile. We have successfully established highly accurate calibration curves for the three components SAL, GUA, and SOB within the optimal range of 2–50 µg·mL ⁻¹ . The coefficient of correlation ( r ) for these curves was at an impressive 0.9999 for SAL and GUA, while it was 0.9998 for SOB. The recovery values were 100.15%, 100.47%, and 100.92% for SAL, GUA, and SOB, respectively. The selectivity and sensitivity to the ingredients were confirmed according to the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines, as no interference occurred from any of the used sample components. We implemented Six Sigma, resulting in precision and productivity.

UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to determine chlorpropham (CIPC) concentration in aqueous solution. The method was validated in term of linearity, precision and limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The correlation coefficient of standards calibration curve of (1.0–10.0 µg/mL CIPC) was R² = 1 with a precision (RSD%, n=10) ranged from (0.87–0.53%). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) based on the regression statistics of the calibration curve data of (1.0–10.0 µg/mL CIPC) were 0.04 µg/mL and 0.11 µg/mL respectively. The activated carbon adsorbent was found to be effective for the removal approximately 80% of CIPC from aqueous solution. Several isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich) were evaluated. The maximum monolayer sorption capacity (Q_m) from the Langmuir isotherm model was determined to be (44316.92 µg/g). The separation factor (R_L) is 0.11 which indicates a favorable equilibrium sorption with the R² value of 0.99, indicating that the Langmuir isotherm model fit the experimental sorption data well.