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Dr. Raad Homod
Basrah University for Oil and Gas

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Artificial Intelligence
0 Energy Engineering
0 Automation & Control
0 Hybrid modeling
0 HVAC Systems

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Short Biography

Ass. Prof. Dr. Raad Z. Homod was born in Basra, Iraq. He received the B.Sc. degree from Basra University, in 1991, and the M.Sc. degree from UM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, both in mechanical engineering (with distinction). He received the PhD degree in mechatronics at UNITEN, Malaysia. He was working in HVAC system engineering . His research interests include nonlinear systems analysis, optimal control, process control, neural networks, HVAC, Buildings model and modelling sensor with Fuzzy logic.

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Journal article
Published: 05 November 2020 in Journal of Energy Storage
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Recently, a numerous number of houses has been built using AAC materials, which consume the most amount of energy in the building sector by Heating, ventilation, and air -conditioning (HVAC) systems. Thus, the most significant factor affecting the energy consumed by HVAC systems is the materials used in the building. Building models are important tools in determining the energy efficiency of buildings. Numerous strategies have been established to construct building models, such as the weight, gray, and black boxes, as well as hybrid models. Hybrid models have not been researched extensively, although they provide a reasonable representation of actual indoor conditions. Therefore, this study employs a hybrid calculation model for the analysis of physical and empirical correlations to evaluate thermal comfort in buildings, which reflects their energy consumption. The residential load factor (RLF) technique is adopted owing to its systematic organization and ease of use, which is achieved by dividing the model into submodels. The model is verified and validated by drawing a comparison with field measurements and the output obtained from ANSYS software. The actual field measurements and ANSYS outputs match the outputs of the proposed model; the results show small residual errors, indicating a well-defined model structure. The cost and energy savings of vernacular buildings and autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) (or low-cost) buildings have been highly debated in Basra city. Models of these two different building materials are simulated within the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Their results indicate that the vernacular building has the highest energy saving potential up to 47.83% over 24 h a day. These results provide an excellent argument to realize the benefits of vernacular buildings by reducing the dependency on powered cooling.

ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Amjad Almusaed; Asaad Almssad; Manar K. Jaafar; Marjan Goodarzi; Khairul S.M. Sahari. Effect of different building envelope materials on thermal comfort and air-conditioning energy savings: A case study in Basra city, Iraq. Journal of Energy Storage 2020, 34, 101975 .

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Amjad Almusaed, Asaad Almssad, Manar K. Jaafar, Marjan Goodarzi, Khairul S.M. Sahari. Effect of different building envelope materials on thermal comfort and air-conditioning energy savings: A case study in Basra city, Iraq. Journal of Energy Storage. 2020; 34 ():101975.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Amjad Almusaed; Asaad Almssad; Manar K. Jaafar; Marjan Goodarzi; Khairul S.M. Sahari. 2020. "Effect of different building envelope materials on thermal comfort and air-conditioning energy savings: A case study in Basra city, Iraq." Journal of Energy Storage 34, no. : 101975.

Research article
Published: 01 July 2020 in International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems
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This article presents a collision avoidance system for multiple robots based on the current autonomous car collision avoidance system. The purpose of the system is to improve the current autonomous car collision avoidance system by including data input of other vehicles’ velocity and positioning via vehicle-to-vehicle communication into the current autonomous car collision avoidance system. There are two TurtleBots used in experimental testing. TurtleBot is used as the robot agent while Google Lightweight Communication and Marshalling is used for inter-robot communication. Additionally, Gazebo software is used to run the simulation. There are two types of collision avoidance system algorithm (collision avoidance system without inter-robot communication and collision avoidance system with inter-robot communication) that are developed and tested in two main road crash scenarios, rear end collision scenario and junction crossing intersection collision scenario. Both algorithms are tested and run both in simulation and experiment setup, each with 10 repetitions for Lead TurtleBot sudden stop, Lead TurtleBot decelerate, Lead TurtleBot slower speed, and straight crossing path conditions. Simulation and experimental results data for each algorithm are recorded and tabulated. A comprehensive comparison of performance between the proposed algorithms is analyzed. The results showed that the proposed system is able to prevent collision between vehicles with an acceptable success rate.

ACS Style

Yew Cheong Hou; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Leong Yeng Weng; Hong Kah Foo; Nur Aira Abd Rahman; Nurul Anis Atikah; Raad Z. Homod. Development of collision avoidance system for multiple autonomous mobile robots. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 2020, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Yew Cheong Hou, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, Leong Yeng Weng, Hong Kah Foo, Nur Aira Abd Rahman, Nurul Anis Atikah, Raad Z. Homod. Development of collision avoidance system for multiple autonomous mobile robots. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems. 2020; 17 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yew Cheong Hou; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Leong Yeng Weng; Hong Kah Foo; Nur Aira Abd Rahman; Nurul Anis Atikah; Raad Z. Homod. 2020. "Development of collision avoidance system for multiple autonomous mobile robots." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2020 in Applied Energy
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In some fields, such as the semiconductor manufacturing process, museum, pharmaceutical, and medicine manufacturing industry, the HVAC system needs a very fast response time to protect products and more energy-efficient buildings than traditional controllers. So, the proposed controller is designed to overcome such problems by using integrated fuzzy PI-PD Mamdani-type (FPIPDM) and cluster adaptive training based on Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (CABTSK) type. The spans of the fuzzy membership functions of the FPIPDM are tuned online by the Nelder-Mead simplex search (NMSS) algorithm to minimize time response, while the CABTSK model is tuned offline and online using a gradient descent (GD) algorithm to enhance the stability of the overall system and reject disturbances. Then, the integration framework is used to enable the concept of time-optimal based on the bang-bang code delegation. In this sense, a selected switch delegates the execution of proper control code to the action processor that provides computational resources to control indoor conditions. The predicted mean vote (PMV) index provides a higher comfort level than the temperature, as it considers six variables related to thermal comfort. The results of the proposed structure show that it improves the overall output accuracy and significantly reduces the response time. Furthermore, it increases the robustness of the indoor conditions and it is quite applicable to the MIMO HVAC systems processes with strong coupling actions between temperature and humidity, large time delay, noise, disturbances, nonlinearities, and imprecise identification model.

ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khalaf S. Gaeid; Suroor M. Dawood; Alireza Hatami; Khairul S. Sahari. Evaluation of energy-saving potential for optimal time response of HVAC control system in smart buildings. Applied Energy 2020, 271, 115255 .

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Khalaf S. Gaeid, Suroor M. Dawood, Alireza Hatami, Khairul S. Sahari. Evaluation of energy-saving potential for optimal time response of HVAC control system in smart buildings. Applied Energy. 2020; 271 ():115255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khalaf S. Gaeid; Suroor M. Dawood; Alireza Hatami; Khairul S. Sahari. 2020. "Evaluation of energy-saving potential for optimal time response of HVAC control system in smart buildings." Applied Energy 271, no. : 115255.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2020 in Sustainability
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Vernacular building materials and models represent the construction methods and building materials used in a healthy manner. Local building materials such as gravel, sand, stone, and clay are used in their natural state or with minor processing and cleaning to mainly satisfy local household needs (production of concrete, mortar, ballast, silicate, and clay bricks and other products). In hot climates, the concept of natural building materials was used in a form that can currently be applied in different kinds of buildings. This concept depends on the proper consideration of the climate characteristics of the construction area. A material passport is a qualitative and quantitative documentation of the material composition of a building, displaying materials embedded in buildings as well as showing their recycling potential and environmental impact. This study will consider two usages of building materials. The first is the traditional use of building materials and their importance in the application of vernacular building strategies as an essential global bioclimatic method in sustainable architecture. The second is the affordable use of new building materials for their availability and utilization by a large part of society in a way to add more detail to research. The article aims to create an objective reading and analysis regarding specific building materials in order to generate a competent solution of materials that is suitable for building requirements in hot climates. This study evaluates the most suitable Building Material Passports needed in hot climates, where the environmental profile must be analyzed to confirm the use of natural materials.

ACS Style

Amjad Almusaed; Asaad Almssad; Raad Z. Homod; Ibrahim Yitmen. Environmental Profile on Building Material Passports for Hot Climates. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3720 .

AMA Style

Amjad Almusaed, Asaad Almssad, Raad Z. Homod, Ibrahim Yitmen. Environmental Profile on Building Material Passports for Hot Climates. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3720.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amjad Almusaed; Asaad Almssad; Raad Z. Homod; Ibrahim Yitmen. 2020. "Environmental Profile on Building Material Passports for Hot Climates." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3720.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2020 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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The HVAC systems consume more than half of the total buildings energy demand, forecasting the cooling/heating load of the building is important to predict buildings energy demand. The energy assessment tools such as a model for forecasting building energy consumption is based on outdoor thermal conditions, the outdoor conditions are highly nonlinear in real life cannot be represented by linear differential equations and have an uncertain disturbance nature. This paper contrives a novel nonlinear model structure to cope with such difficulty, which is composed of two hybrid nonlinear forms, Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system (TS-FS) and Neural Networks’ Weights. Such a structure has many advantages, including suitability for multi-layer implementations like an integrated eight-dimension net of parameters and weights which represents model input-output relations of a nonlinear system. The Gauss-Newton algorithm is used to tune model weights and parameters for the fitting of nonlinear regression of clusters model to data. The main feature of the proposed model is to express the dynamic conditions of the outdoor thermal environment of each fuzzy implication by a cluster functions model and thus promote the prediction performance. The overall proposed model is tested on the training and validation of multizone then compared with the RLF model. The corresponding results show that a better hybrid modelling and uncertainty mitigation which is achieved without significant loss of prediction accuracy.

ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Hussein Togun; Haider J. Abd; Khairul S.M. Sahari. A novel hybrid modelling structure fabricated by using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy to forecast HVAC systems energy demand in real-time for Basra city. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 56, 102091 .

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Hussein Togun, Haider J. Abd, Khairul S.M. Sahari. A novel hybrid modelling structure fabricated by using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy to forecast HVAC systems energy demand in real-time for Basra city. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 56 ():102091.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Hussein Togun; Haider J. Abd; Khairul S.M. Sahari. 2020. "A novel hybrid modelling structure fabricated by using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy to forecast HVAC systems energy demand in real-time for Basra city." Sustainable Cities and Society 56, no. : 102091.

Journal article
Published: 27 December 2018 in International Journal of Thermal Sciences
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The transfer of heat by the fins is influenced by the change of the direction of the fins. This paper investigates study the effect of the direction of longitudinal fins on a three-dimensional convection heat transfer in a rectangular channel and also study the effect of the lateral and longitudinal inclination of the rectangular channel. The Grashof range from 5 × 108 to 109, Reynolds from 1000 to 2300 and Prandtl 0.71. The bottom surface of the channel is exposed to constant heat flux, while other walls are isolated. Two cases are investigated. In case one, measurements were conducted for a lateral inclination of the channel, with a range of α = 0°,30°,60°, and 90°. Case two studied the longitudinal inclination of the channel, with the lateral inclination angle fixed at α = 90° and the longitudinal inclination angle Ө = 0°, 30°, 60°, and 70°. The dimensionless of fin height was Hf/H = 0.6, and the fin spacing was S/H = 0.17. The experimental results show that the coefficient of the heat transfer for lateral inclination (α = 0°) was greater than that for a sideways orientation (α = 90°). Additionally, the average coefficient of heat transfer for both the lateral and longitudinal inclination case is increased with the longitudinal inclination angle. The empirical equations are obtained based on the experimental results. These equations correlated the Nusselt number as a dependent variable of the orientations angles, Reynolds number, and the Grashof number, these equations are consistent with experimental results.

ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Falah A. Abood; Sana M. Shrama; Ahmed Alshara. Empirical correlations for mixed convection heat transfer through a fin array based on various orientations. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2018, 137, 627 -639.

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Falah A. Abood, Sana M. Shrama, Ahmed Alshara. Empirical correlations for mixed convection heat transfer through a fin array based on various orientations. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2018; 137 ():627-639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Falah A. Abood; Sana M. Shrama; Ahmed Alshara. 2018. "Empirical correlations for mixed convection heat transfer through a fin array based on various orientations." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 137, no. : 627-639.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Renewable Energy
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The most distinctive properties of the HVAC systems are their large-scale nonlinear systems that contain large thermal inertia, time variability, nonlinear constraints, uncertain disturbance factors, multivariate systems and coupled properties for both temperature and humidity. This paper considers a novel control algorithm that could handle such intricate characteristics by using hybridization layers between the physical parameters’ memory and the neural networks’ weight, which is well-structured by the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Fuzzy inference strategy. The application of nonlinear regression to the offline hybrid layers construction and online fine-tuning methods are conducted by using the Gauss-Newton Method in order to achieve fast tuning operation. The feedforward strategy is adopted, so as to boost the stability of the overall system in addition to increasing the control precision and its response speed.Moreover, the effects of disturbances and uncertainty are eradicated by online tuning. The tracking control goal takes full advantage of mature strategies regarding the predicted mean vote (PMV) to address high thermal inertia, to save energy and to tackle coupling problem. The proposed control performance results are analysed and compared to hybrid PID cascade control, where both strategies are tested individually and simultaneously through the use on the HVAC system. The obtained results showed that Feedforward Hybrid Layers Control (FHLC) led to effective advantages regarding optimal performance, adaptation, precision and robustness. Furthermore, adopted the adaptive structural control algorithm for FHLC to improve indoor thermal comfort, whereas the significant energy reduction is achieved. The prospective scope for future work is to expand the control structure for full building control by adding more controlled elements, such as lighting, ventilation, security, fire protection and other building appliances.

ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod. Analysis and optimization of HVAC control systems based on energy and performance considerations for smart buildings. Renewable Energy 2018, 126, 49 -64.

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod. Analysis and optimization of HVAC control systems based on energy and performance considerations for smart buildings. Renewable Energy. 2018; 126 ():49-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod. 2018. "Analysis and optimization of HVAC control systems based on energy and performance considerations for smart buildings." Renewable Energy 126, no. : 49-64.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Maytham S. Ahmed; Azah Mohamed; Tamer Khatib; Hussain Shareef; Raad Z. Homod; Jamal Abd Ali. Real time optimal schedule controller for home energy management system using new binary backtracking search algorithm. Energy and Buildings 2017, 138, 215 -227.

AMA Style

Maytham S. Ahmed, Azah Mohamed, Tamer Khatib, Hussain Shareef, Raad Z. Homod, Jamal Abd Ali. Real time optimal schedule controller for home energy management system using new binary backtracking search algorithm. Energy and Buildings. 2017; 138 ():215-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maytham S. Ahmed; Azah Mohamed; Tamer Khatib; Hussain Shareef; Raad Z. Homod; Jamal Abd Ali. 2017. "Real time optimal schedule controller for home energy management system using new binary backtracking search algorithm." Energy and Buildings 138, no. : 215-227.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2016 in 2016 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering (ICAEES)
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Electricity demand response and residential load modeling play important roles in the development of home energy management system. Accurate load models are required to produce a load profile at residential level. In this paper, modeling of four load types that include air conditioner, electric water heater, washing machine, and refrigerator are developed considering customer lifestyle and priority by using Matlab/ Simulink. In addition, the home energy management controller is proposed using artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the optimal ON/OFF status of the home appliances. The feedforward neural network type and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) training algorithm are chosen for training the ANN in the Matlab toolbox. Results showed that the proposed ANN based controller can decrease the energy consumption for home appliances at specific time and can maintain the total household power consumption below its demand limit without affecting customer lifestyles.

ACS Style

Maytham S. Ahmed; Azah Mohamed; Hussain Shareef; Raad Z. Homod; Jamal Abd Ali. Artificial neural network based controller for home energy management considering demand response events. 2016 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering (ICAEES) 2016, 506 -509.

AMA Style

Maytham S. Ahmed, Azah Mohamed, Hussain Shareef, Raad Z. Homod, Jamal Abd Ali. Artificial neural network based controller for home energy management considering demand response events. 2016 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering (ICAEES). 2016; ():506-509.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maytham S. Ahmed; Azah Mohamed; Hussain Shareef; Raad Z. Homod; Jamal Abd Ali. 2016. "Artificial neural network based controller for home energy management considering demand response events." 2016 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering (ICAEES) , no. : 506-509.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2016 in Energies
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Demand response (DR) program can shift peak time load to off-peak time, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and allowing energy conservation. In this study, the home energy management scheduling controller of the residential DR strategy is proposed using the hybrid lightning search algorithm (LSA)-based artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the optimal ON/OFF status for home appliances. Consequently, the scheduled operation of several appliances is improved in terms of cost savings. In the proposed approach, a set of the most common residential appliances are modeled, and their activation is controlled by the hybrid LSA-ANN based home energy management scheduling controller. Four appliances, namely, air conditioner, water heater, refrigerator, and washing machine (WM), are developed by Matlab/Simulink according to customer preferences and priority of appliances. The ANN controller has to be tuned properly using suitable learning rate value and number of nodes in the hidden layers to schedule the appliances optimally. Given that finding proper ANN tuning parameters is difficult, the LSA optimization is hybridized with ANN to improve the ANN performances by selecting the optimum values of neurons in each hidden layer and learning rate. Therefore, the ON/OFF estimation accuracy by ANN can be improved. Results of the hybrid LSA-ANN are compared with those of hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) based ANN to validate the developed algorithm. Results show that the hybrid LSA-ANN outperforms the hybrid PSO based ANN. The proposed scheduling algorithm can significantly reduce the peak-hour energy consumption during the DR event by up to 9.7138% considering four appliances per 7-h period.

ACS Style

Maytham S. Ahmed; Azah Mohamed; Raad Z. Homod; Hussain Shareef. Hybrid LSA-ANN Based Home Energy Management Scheduling Controller for Residential Demand Response Strategy. Energies 2016, 9, 716 .

AMA Style

Maytham S. Ahmed, Azah Mohamed, Raad Z. Homod, Hussain Shareef. Hybrid LSA-ANN Based Home Energy Management Scheduling Controller for Residential Demand Response Strategy. Energies. 2016; 9 (9):716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maytham S. Ahmed; Azah Mohamed; Raad Z. Homod; Hussain Shareef. 2016. "Hybrid LSA-ANN Based Home Energy Management Scheduling Controller for Residential Demand Response Strategy." Energies 9, no. 9: 716.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2014 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib. Energy saving by integrated control of natural ventilation and HVAC systems using model guide for comparison. Renewable Energy 2014, 71, 639 -650.

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, Haider A.F. Almurib. Energy saving by integrated control of natural ventilation and HVAC systems using model guide for comparison. Renewable Energy. 2014; 71 ():639-650.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib. 2014. "Energy saving by integrated control of natural ventilation and HVAC systems using model guide for comparison." Renewable Energy 71, no. : 639-650.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2014 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. Corrigendum to “Gradient auto-tuned Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Forward control of a HVAC system using predicted mean vote index” [Energy Build. 49 (2012) 254–267]. Energy and Buildings 2014, 82, 812 .

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, Haider A.F. Almurib, Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. Corrigendum to “Gradient auto-tuned Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Forward control of a HVAC system using predicted mean vote index” [Energy Build. 49 (2012) 254–267]. Energy and Buildings. 2014; 82 ():812.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. 2014. "Corrigendum to “Gradient auto-tuned Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Forward control of a HVAC system using predicted mean vote index” [Energy Build. 49 (2012) 254–267]." Energy and Buildings 82, no. : 812.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Energy
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ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod. Assessment regarding energy saving and decoupling for different AHU (air handling unit) and control strategies in the hot-humid climatic region of Iraq. Energy 2014, 74, 762 -774.

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod. Assessment regarding energy saving and decoupling for different AHU (air handling unit) and control strategies in the hot-humid climatic region of Iraq. Energy. 2014; 74 ():762-774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod. 2014. "Assessment regarding energy saving and decoupling for different AHU (air handling unit) and control strategies in the hot-humid climatic region of Iraq." Energy 74, no. : 762-774.

Review
Published: 22 August 2013 in Journal of Energy
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The modeling of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is a prominent topic because of its relationship with energy savings and environmental, economical, and technological issues. The modeling of the HVAC system is concerned with the indoor thermal sensation, which is related to the modeling of building, air handling unit (AHU) equipments, and indoor thermal processes. Until now, many HVAC system modeling approaches are made available, and the techniques have become quite mature. But there are some shortcomings in application and integration methods for the different types of the HVAC model. The application and integration processes will act to accumulate the defective characteristics for both AHU equipments and building models such as nonlinear, pure lag time, high thermal inertia, uncertain disturbance factors, large-scale systems, and constraints. This paper shows types of the HVAC model and the advantages and disadvantages for each application of them, and it finds out that the gray-box type is the best one to represent the indoor thermal comfort. But its application fails at the integration method where its response deviated to unreal behavior.

ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod. Review on the HVAC System Modeling Types and the Shortcomings of Their Application. Journal of Energy 2013, 2013, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod. Review on the HVAC System Modeling Types and the Shortcomings of Their Application. Journal of Energy. 2013; 2013 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod. 2013. "Review on the HVAC System Modeling Types and the Shortcomings of Their Application." Journal of Energy 2013, no. : 1-10.

Conference paper
Published: 17 June 2013 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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ACS Style

K S Mohamed Sahari; Muhammad Fairuz Abdul Jalal; Raad Z. Homod; Y K Eng. Dynamic indoor thermal comfort model identification based on neural computing PMV index. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2013, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

K S Mohamed Sahari, Muhammad Fairuz Abdul Jalal, Raad Z. Homod, Y K Eng. Dynamic indoor thermal comfort model identification based on neural computing PMV index. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2013; 16 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K S Mohamed Sahari; Muhammad Fairuz Abdul Jalal; Raad Z. Homod; Y K Eng. 2013. "Dynamic indoor thermal comfort model identification based on neural computing PMV index." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 16, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2013 in Energy and Buildings
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This paper focuses on the efficiency of controlling building internal temperature and relative humidity by ventilation and infiltration flow rate. Building model is inevitable to study the feasibility of building ventilation, and how it affects the indoor air quality. A hybrid model is built using physical and empirical functions of subsystems model, where the empirical function being the residential load factor (RLF) used to calculate the cooling/heating load depending on the indoor/outdoor temperature. Furthermore, by using the RLF method, the parameters of the model can be calculated room by room, which is appropriate for variable air volume (VAV). The subsystem modeling approach chosen divides the building into four components, which are closely related to the indoor thermal comfort. Indoor thermal comfort represented by predicted mean vote (PMV) can be represented by temperature, indoor air velocity and relative humidity which are controlled by the HVAC system. Response sensitivity analysis is carried out on the main parameters of the model by applying real climate conditions data for a passive climate. Simulations with varied flow rate mechanical ventilation are conducted within 24 h. Results indicate that there is a great opportunity to take advantage of mechanical ventilation to help achieve thermal comfort while reducing the dependency on powered cooling.

ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari. Energy savings by smart utilization of mechanical and natural ventilation for hybrid residential building model in passive climate. Energy and Buildings 2013, 60, 310 -329.

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari. Energy savings by smart utilization of mechanical and natural ventilation for hybrid residential building model in passive climate. Energy and Buildings. 2013; 60 ():310-329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari. 2013. "Energy savings by smart utilization of mechanical and natural ventilation for hybrid residential building model in passive climate." Energy and Buildings 60, no. : 310-329.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2012 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. Gradient auto-tuned Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Forward control of a HVAC system using predicted mean vote index. Energy and Buildings 2012, 49, 254 -267.

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, Haider A.F. Almurib, Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. Gradient auto-tuned Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Forward control of a HVAC system using predicted mean vote index. Energy and Buildings. 2012; 49 ():254-267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. 2012. "Gradient auto-tuned Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Forward control of a HVAC system using predicted mean vote index." Energy and Buildings 49, no. : 254-267.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2012 in Building and Environment
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This work presents a hybrid model to be used for effectively controlling indoor thermal comfort in a heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The first modeling part is related to the building structure and its fixture. Since building models contain many nonlinearities and have large thermal inertia and high delay time, empirical calculations based on the residential load factor (RLF) is adopted to represent the model. The second part is associated with the indoor thermal comfort itself. To evaluate indoor thermal comfort situations, predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfaction (PPD) indicators were used. This modeling part is represented as a fuzzy PMV/PPD model which is regarded as a white-box model. This modeling is achieved using a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model and tuned by Gauss-Newton method for nonlinear regression (GNMNR) algorithm. The main reason for combining the two models is to obtain a proper reference signal for the HVAC system. Unlike the widely used temperature reference signal, the proposed reference signal resulting from this work is closely related to thermal sensation comfort; Temperature is one of the factors affecting the thermal comfort but is not the main measure, and therefore, it is insignificant to control thermal comfort when the temperature is used as the reference for the HVAC system. The overall proposed model is tested on a wide range of parameter variation. The corresponding results show that a good modeling capability is achieved without employing any complicated optimization procedures for structure identification with the TS model.

ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. RLF and TS fuzzy model identification of indoor thermal comfort based on PMV/PPD. Building and Environment 2012, 49, 141 -153.

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, Haider A.F. Almurib, Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. RLF and TS fuzzy model identification of indoor thermal comfort based on PMV/PPD. Building and Environment. 2012; 49 ():141-153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. 2012. "RLF and TS fuzzy model identification of indoor thermal comfort based on PMV/PPD." Building and Environment 49, no. : 141-153.

Erratum
Published: 31 December 2011 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. Corrigendum to “Double cooling coil model for non-linear HVAC system using RLF method” [Energy Build. 43 (2011) 2043–2054]. Energy and Buildings 2011, 43, 3737 .

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, Haider A.F. Almurib, Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. Corrigendum to “Double cooling coil model for non-linear HVAC system using RLF method” [Energy Build. 43 (2011) 2043–2054]. Energy and Buildings. 2011; 43 (12):3737.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. 2011. "Corrigendum to “Double cooling coil model for non-linear HVAC system using RLF method” [Energy Build. 43 (2011) 2043–2054]." Energy and Buildings 43, no. 12: 3737.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2011 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. Double cooling coil model for non-linear HVAC system using RLF method. Energy and Buildings 2011, 43, 2043 -2054.

AMA Style

Raad Z. Homod, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, Haider A.F. Almurib, Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. Double cooling coil model for non-linear HVAC system using RLF method. Energy and Buildings. 2011; 43 (9):2043-2054.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raad Z. Homod; Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari; Haider A.F. Almurib; Farrukh Hafiz Nagi. 2011. "Double cooling coil model for non-linear HVAC system using RLF method." Energy and Buildings 43, no. 9: 2043-2054.