Physical exercise (PE) is associated with cognitive changes and brain function. However, it is required to clarify the effect of PE in different intensities, population groups conditions and the EF duration over different cognitive domains. Besides, no studies are known to have evaluated the contextual emotional recognition. Therefore, we studied the effect of acute PE of moderate intensities up to higher ones to the executive functions and the contextual emotional recognition. The participants were evaluated and classified in two experiments according to the IPAQ short form self-report and control measures. In both experiments, the groups were randomized, controlled, and exposed to one session of indoor cycling through intervals of high measure intensity (75–85% HRmax). Experiment 1 comprised young adults who were physically active (PA) and healthy, apparently (n = 54, M_age = 20.7, SD = 2.5). Experiment 2 involved young adults who were physically inactive (IP) and healthy, apparently (n = 36, M_age = 21.6, SD = 1.8). The duration was the only factor that varied: 45 min for PA and 30 min for PI. The executive functions were evaluated by the Stroop, TMT A/B, and verbal fluency, and the emotional recognition through a task that includes body and facial emotions in context, simultaneously. The analysis of factorial mixed ANOVA showed effects on the right choices of the indoor cycling groups in the PA, and the time response in PI. Also, other effects were observed in the controlled groups. TMT-A/B measures showed changes in the pre-test–post-test measures for both experiments. Verbal fluency performance favored the control group in both experiments. Meanwhile, the emotional recognition showed an effect of the PE in error-reduction and enhanced the scores in the right choices of body emotions. These results suggest that the EF with intensities favored cognitive processes such as inhibitory control and emotional recognition in context. We took into account the importance of high-complexity tasks design that avoid a ceiling effect. This study is the first on reporting a positive effect of PE over the emotional contextual recognition. Important clinical and educational implications are presented implications which highlight the modulatory role of EF with moderate to high intensities.

Background: Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with significant difficulties in daily functioning, and these difficulties have been associated with impaired executive functions (EEFF). However, specific cognitive and socio-emotional executive deficits have not been fully established. Objective: The present study has several objectives. First, we aimed to examine the specific deficits in cognitive and socio-emotional EEFF in a group of patients with schizophrenia with a predominance of positive symptoms, as well as to determine if these patients present clinically significant scores in any of the three fronto-subcortical behavioral syndromes: Dorsolateral, Orbitofrontal, or Anterior Cingulate. Method: The sample consisted of 54 patients, 27 with a predominance of positive symptoms, and 27 healthy controls matched for gender, age, and education. The two groups completed four cognitive and three socio-emotional EEFF tasks. In the group of patients, positive symptoms were evaluated using the scale for the Evaluation of Positive Symptoms (SANS), while the behavioral alterations associated with the three fronto-subcortical syndromes were evaluated using the Frontal System Behavior Scale (FrSBe). Results: The patients, in comparison with a control group, presented specific deficits in cognitive and socio-emotional EEFF. In addition, a high percentage of patients presented clinically significant scores on the three fronto-subcortical syndromes. Conclusion: The affectation that these patients present, in terms of both cognitive and emotional components, highlights the importance of developing a neuropsychological EEFF intervention that promotes the recovery of the affected cognitive capacities and improves the social and emotional functioning of the affected patients.

Estudiamos las diferencias de factores moduladores (género, contratación, nivel de escolaridad y tipo de organización) en la Calidad de Vida Laboral (CVL) y las creencias de Autoeficacia Profesional (AEP), así como la relación entre la CVL y las creencias de AEP en docentes de educación superior. Diseño transversal, participaron 100 docentes de cuatro zonas geográficas de Colombia, con rango de edad entre 25 y 65 años (Medad= 41.2, DE=10.2). Utilizamos un cuestionario ad-hoc, el CVT-GOHISALO para CVL y el AU-10 para AEP. Encontramos que el género presenta un comportamiento homogéneo entre la CVL y AEP. Los profesores con contratación de planta perciben mejor seguridad laboral F(2,97)= 7.79, p=.001, η2=0.39, y mayor autoeficacia profesional que los catedráticos F(2,97)= 7.79, p=.032, η2=0.16. Hay diferencias en el soporte institucional t(99)= -2.44, p=.016, IC95%[-9.25, -0.96], d=0.48, y seguridad en el trabajo t(99)= -2.44, p=.014, IC95%[-8.51, -0.96], d=0.51 según el tipo de organización (privada vs publica). También, los datos mostraron que, a mayor CVL, mayor autoeficacia profesional (r=.61, p <.01). Recomendamos más investigación explorando otros factores personales y ambientales, igualmente, parece razonable suponer que prácticas e intervenciones organizacionales consideren las condiciones laborales que afectan tanto la CVL como la AEP.

Características Psicológicas de Rendimiento Deportivo en Deportes de Conjunto

Objetivo. Explorar las diferencias entre los niveles de actividad física (AF) ‒ligero, moderado y vigoroso‒, en función a la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CvRS). Método. 269 participantes (M = 25.3, DE = 1.5) entre estudiantes, docentes y administrativos de una comunidad académica de Pereira, Colombia. La AF se evaluó con el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y la CvRS con el Cuestionario de Salud SF-36. Resultados. Quienes reportaron tener un nivel de AF moderado mostraron significativamente mejor vitalidad, salud mental y salud en general (p < 0.05). Mientras que aquellos con nivel de AF vigoroso promediaron más alto en salud general. Los niveles de AF moderado y vigoroso, en comparación con el ligero, presentaron mayor puntaje en la salud general y mental (p < 0.05). Conclusión. Este estudio aportó evidencia a favor de la hipótesis del vínculo entre AF y CvRS; además, reveló que aquellos con niveles de AF moderado y vigoroso presentan mejor CvRS en dimensiones de función social, vitalidad y salud general y mental. Futuros estudios deberían enfocarse en diferenciar los niveles de AF que mejor favorecen la CvRS, principalmente, en población escolar.