Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity, causing escalating humanitarian crises and complex housing challenges globally. Traditional post-disaster housing solutions often fall short, being slow, costly, and ill-adapted to specific community needs. This study addresses these limitations by proposing an innovative, technology-driven model for post-disaster housing that integrates parametric design with 3D printing. The objective is to develop a flexible and adaptable system capable of providing both immediate temporary shelter and evolving permanent housing solutions. In this study, the methodology of the proposed model for post-disaster housing solutions is structured around three main phases: the development of the theoretical framework, the parametric design process, and the implementation phase. In the first phase, a comprehensive literature review and conceptual analyses were conducted to examine the concept of disaster, post-disaster housing approaches, and advanced technologies, thereby establishing the conceptual foundation of the model. In the second phase, parametric modeling was carried out for a modular system using algorithmic design tools such as Grasshopper; the model’s applicability across various scales and its flexibility were analyzed. In the final phase, material selection and digital prototyping of the gridal system were undertaken using 3D printing technology to evaluate the model’s feasibility for rapid on-site production, assembly, and disassembly. The model prioritizes user participation, modularity, and configurability to ensure rapid response and socio-cultural sensitivity. Findings indicate that this integrated approach offers substantial benefits, including accelerated construction, reduced labor and material waste, enhanced design flexibility, and the use of local, sustainable materials. This research highlights the transformative potential of advanced manufacturing in providing resilient, user-centered, and environmentally sustainable post-disaster housing, advocating for governmental financial support to overcome adoption barriers and foster broader implementation.

The building sector significantly contributes to global energy consumption and environmental degradation, particularly in rapidly urbanizing arid and semi-arid regions like Kabul city, which experiences extreme seasonal temperature variations. This study aims to analyze and optimize fixed and removable passive shading strategies by assessing their effectiveness in enhancing building energy efficiency under challenging climatic conditions. Building models were developed in DesignBuilder v7 and simulated using the EnergyPlus engine to comparatively evaluate the impact of common shading strategies across different building orientations. The analysis focused on their contribution to reducing building energy demand and solar gain during both hot and cold periods. Simulation results demonstrate a strong dependency of solar gain and thermal energy demand on building orientation and shading configuration. North-facing rooms showed minimal solar gain, resulting in high winter heating and low summer cooling, making shading negligible. East- and west-facing rooms received substantial solar radiation, with effective shading strategies reducing total energy demand by 0.04–4.9 percent for east-facing rooms and 1.0–7.0 percent for west-facing rooms compared to the least efficient cases. South-facing rooms benefited from winter passive solar gains and limited summer heat, with effective shading strategies achieving reductions of 4.9–15.8 percent. Removable shading further enhanced seasonal performance, lowering total energy demand by 2.5–5.2 percent for east-facing rooms, 4.0–20.8 percent for south-facing rooms, and 4.2–6.4 percent for west-facing rooms, emphasizing the importance of adaptive, orientation-specific, and climate-responsive shading designs. These findings highlight the critical importance of climate-responsive design and optimized shading in reducing operational energy use and provide practical guidance for sustainable architecture.

Over the past two decades, sustainability and quality of life (QoL) have become foundational concepts in the design of buildings and urban spaces. Due to their strong interrelation and shared emphasis on human well-being, distinguishing between these concepts has proven challenging. While numerous studies have investigated sustainable urban design and QoL, inconsistencies remain: some define QoL as a component of sustainable urbanization, whereas others treat it as a separate construct. This study aims to evaluate and compare both concepts by identifying, weighting, and analyzing their respective indicators, thereby uncovering overlaps, correlations, and distinctions. In particular, it assesses the significance of each indicator within the three dimensions of sustainable urban design: environmental, social, and economic. A mixed-methods approach was employed, beginning with an in-depth literature review and comparative analysis of leading global studies, ranked cities, and official rating systems developed primarily in developed countries. Subsequently, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method was applied to quantify the importance of each indicator and evaluate their alignment with the three dimensions of sustainability. The results reveal that sustainable urban design comprises 31 indicators, while QoL includes 27, with 19 indicators shared between the two concepts. All identified indicators are distributed across the three core dimensions of sustainability. Specifically, the environmental dimension encompasses 15 indicators for sustainable urban design, accounting for 57.7% of total significance, whereas QoL comprises 10 indicators in this category, contributing 35.67%. In the social dimension, sustainable urban design incorporates 14 indicators (34.82%), while QoL places even greater emphasis here with 15 indicators, representing 54.42%. The economic dimension includes 2 indicators for each concept, contributing 7.43% in sustainable urban design and 9.92% in QoL. These findings underscore that QoL serves as a critical component in the assessment and design of sustainable urban spaces, not only influencing other indicators but also reinforcing aspects—particularly in the social dimension—that are often underrepresented in existing sustainability frameworks. Additionally, the advancement of urban sustainability plays a pivotal role in achieving and enhancing QoL, suggesting a mutually reinforcing relationship between the two constructs.

Providing effective post-disaster housing remains a globally complex challenge shaped by interrelated constraints, including environmental sustainability, socio-cultural compatibility, logistical capacity, and economic feasibility. Contemporary responses therefore require housing solutions that extend beyond rapid deployment to incorporate flexibility, adaptability, and long-term spatial transformation. In this context, this study advances a design-oriented, computational framework that positions parametric design at the core of post-disaster housing production within the broader digital transformation of the construction sector. The research proposes an adaptive parametric–modular housing system in which standardized architectural units are governed by a rule-based aggregation logic capable of generating context-responsive spatial configurations across multiple scales and typologies. The methodology integrates a qualitative synthesis of global post-disaster housing literature with a quantitative computational workflow developed in Grasshopper for Rhinoceros 3D (version 8). Algorithmic scripting defines a standardized spatial grid and parametrically regulates key building components structural systems, façade assemblies, and site-specific environmental parameters, enabling real-time configuration, customization, and optimization of housing units in response to diverse user needs and varying climatic, social, and economic conditions while maintaining constructability. The applicability of the framework is examined through a case study of the Düzce Permanent Housing context, where limitations of existing post-disaster stock, such as spatial rigidity, restricted growth capacity, and fragmented public-space integration, are contrasted with alternative settlement scenarios generated by the proposed system. The findings demonstrate that the framework supports multi-scalar and multi-typological reconstruction, extending beyond individual dwellings to include public, service, and open-space components. Overall, the study contributes a transferable computational methodology that integrates modular standardization with configurational diversity and user-driven adaptability, offering a sustainable pathway for transforming temporary post-disaster shelters into permanent, resilient, and socially integrated community assets.

This article examines the orientation that emerges during worship in the Abrahamic religions through the interrelation of bodily experience and architectural space. Drawing jointly on Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of the “lived body” and Mircea Eliade’s theory of sacred space, the study discusses how the directionality of worship in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam produces distinct spatial theologies. Methodologically, the research is based on a hermeneutic reading of selected sacred texts, rabbinic and liturgical sources, and on a comparative analysis of synagogue, church, and mosque spaces according to the criteria of orientation, architectural focus, bodily posture, congregational alignment, light, axis, threshold, and ritual surface. The proposed tripartite schema distinguishes between the horizontal covenantal orientation toward Jerusalem in Judaism, the vertical/transcendent axis associated with the cross, resurrection, and ascension in Christianity, and the downward orientation intensified around prostration in Islam. These orientations are not merely ritual prescriptions; rather, they constitute intentional structures through which the body is situated in relation to God, others, and the world. In the synagogue, the Torah ark and the direction of Jerusalem; in the church, the apse, cross, and luminous order; and in the mosque, the qibla wall, the alignment of prayer rows, and the surface of prostration are examined as architectural foci that materialize these intentional structures. The study brings together three domains that are often treated separately in literature: the phenomenology of religion, Eliadean cosmology, and architectural spatial analysis. In doing so, it proposes a comparative model of “spatial theology” among the Abrahamic traditions, articulated through the relationship between body, text, and worship structures. Ultimately, sacred space is interpreted as a dynamic order that is reconstituted in every act of worship through the convergence of bodily orientation, historical memory, and cosmic reference.

Bu çalışma, afet sonrası yeniden yapılanma süreçlerinde konvansiyonel yapım yöntemleri ile parametrik tasarım ve 3B baskı gibi yeni nesil dijital teknolojilerin karşılaştırmalı analizini sunmaktadır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, geleneksel yöntemler ile dijital teknolojilerin güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini değerlendirmek, kullanıcı odaklı tasarımın afet sonrası planlamaya entegrasyonunu analiz etmektir. Nitel araştırma metodolojisi kullanılan çalışma, ayrıca her iki yaklaşımın en etkili yönlerini birleştiren hibrit modellerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamayı ve önerilen stratejileri kullanıcı entegrasyonu, uygulama süreci, üretim uyarlanabilirliği ve kullanıcı merkezli esnek tasarım paradigması kriterleri açılarından değerlendirmektedir. Bulgular, teknoloji odaklı yaklaşımların kullanıcı katılımını artırdığını, yerel ihtiyaçlara daha duyarlı olduğunu ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliği desteklediğini göstermektedir; ancak bu yaklaşımlar yüksek maliyet ve teknik uzmanlık gereksinimi gibi sınırlılıklar da içermektedir. Geleneksel yöntemler hızlı ve geniş ölçekli müdahale avantajı sunsa da değişen ihtiyaçları karşılamakta yetersiz kalmaktadır. Afet sonrası yeniden yapılanmada yalnızca tek bir yaklaşıma dayalı çözümler yerine, her iki paradigmanın güçlü yönlerini birleştiren hibrit stratejilerin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Kullanıcı merkezli, esnek ve sürdürülebilir tasarım stratejilerinin benimsenmesi, fiziksel çevrenin yanı sıra sosyal ve kültürel yapının da dirençli hâle gelmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.