MXenes have been highly attractive to researchers owing to their layered nanostructure, excellent electrical conductivity, and abundance of functional groups. Meanwhile, nanocellulose materials, known for their biodegradability, renewability, compatibility with living organisms, and cost-effectiveness, have emerged as a popular choice for material selection researchers. Recent research has discovered that combining nanocellulose with MXenes can improve the mechanical properties of MXenes, resulting in composite materials with remarkable electrical and mechanical properties. This article provides an overview of the three main types of nanocellulose: cellulose nanofiber, cellulose nanocrystal, and bacterial cellulose. It also discusses various synthesis methods for MXenes, including MXene/nanocellulose-based hydrogel and aerogel. Additionally, the article highlights the multiple uses of MXene/nanocellulose composites in different fields, including flexible sensing materials, electromagnetic shielding, energy storage structures, and wearable health monitoring. This review covers distinctive characteristics and unique MXene/nanocellulose composite behaviors, their recent advancements in MXene/nanocellulose synthesis, and applications. Moving forward, the potential for these materials to be used innovatively with anticipation of taking the MXene/nanocellulose-based research further steps across the respective scientific community.

Bangladesh’s ready-made garment sectors have evolved to increase market share in the global textile supply chain. Textile sectors heavily rely on energy and groundwater consumption during production; mainly, textile dyeing mills contribute to the carbon footprint and water footprint impact to the environment. Textile dyeing mills have become one of the major industries responsible for the continuous depletion of groundwater levels and severe water pollution to the environment. Reduction of long-term key performance indicators (KPI) can be set to a baseline by reducing energy and groundwater consumption in textile dyeing mills. This study has analyzed the energy and groundwater consumption trend based on 15 textile dyeing mills in Bangladesh in 2019. The average dyed fabric production of 15 textile dyeing mills in 2019 was 7602.88 tons by consuming electricity and groundwater, and discharging treated effluent wastewater to the environment, in the amounts of 17,689.43 MWh, 961.26 million liters, and 640.24 million liters, respectively. The average KPI of treated effluent discharged wastewater was 97.27 L/kg, and energy consumption was 2.58 kWh/kg. Considering yearly 5% reduction strategies of groundwater and energy consumption for each factory could save around 355.43 million liters of water and 6540.68 MWh of electricity in 10 years (equivalent to 4167.08-ton CO₂ emission).

Environmental and human health is severely threatened by wastewater and air pollution, which contain a broad spectrum of organic and inorganic pollutants. Organic contaminants include dyes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), medical waste, antibiotics, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents. Inorganic gases such as CO₂, SO₂, and NO _x are commonly found in polluted water and air. Traditional methods for pollutant removal, such as oxidation, physicochemical techniques, biotreatment, and enzymatic decomposition, often prove to be inefficient, costly, or energy-intensive. Contemporary solutions like nanofiber-based filters, activated carbon, and plant biomass also face challenges such as generating secondary contaminants and being time-consuming. In this context, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are emerging as promising alternatives. These devices harvest ambient mechanical energy and convert it to electrical energy, enabling the self-powered degradation of chemical pollutants. This Review summarizes recent progress and challenges in using TENGs as self-powered electrochemical systems (SPECs) for pollutant degradation via photocatalysis or electrocatalysis. The working principles of TENGs are discussed, focusing on their structural flexibility, operational modes, and ability to capture energy from low-frequency mechanical stimuli. The Review concludes with perspectives and suggestions for future research in this field, hoping to inspire further interest and innovation in developing TENG-based SPECs, which represent sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for pollutant treatment.

Compression socks are used by a very diverse group of individuals and may potentially have a greater impact on physically diminished or impaired individuals as opposed to healthy individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sub-clinical (SC) and clinical (CL) compression socks among healthy (CON), copers (COP), and individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Postural stability was evaluated in 20 participants (11 males and 9 females) using Balance Tracking System Balance platform (BTrackS™) during the modified clinical test of sensory integration in balance (mCTSIB) and limits of stability (LOS) tests. Postural sway parameters were analyzed using a mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance 3 (group: CON, COP, and CAI) by 3 (compression condition: BF, SC, and CL) × 4 (balance condition: EO, EC, EOF, and ECF) for mCTSIB and a 3 (group: CON, COP, and CAI) by 3 (compression condition: BF, SC, CL) × 4 (balance condition: FL, BL, BR, FR) for LOS. Results revealed significantly greater postural stability with both SC and CL compression socks when compared to barefoot conditions. However, no significant differences were observed among groups for compression socks grades. Both SC and CL compression socks may be effective in increasing postural stability.

This study aims to quantify wearers’ perceived sensory/tactile comfort responses to clinical and sub-clinical compression socks before, during, and after several activities (postural stability tasks, donning, and doffing). Through purposive sampling, the researchers recruited 20 participants (11 male and 9 female) aged 21.5 ± 2 years. Among all participants, 40% had chronic ankle instability, 30% were copers, and 30% were healthy control groups. Sensory/tactile and movement comfort were assessed using a comfort 8-item questionnaire in a wear trial. The findings exhibit that the tested clinical socks are more comfortable than subclinical socks regardless of the participant types. The strongest positive correlation was between material appearance and hand feel (r = 0.84, ** p < 0.01) and between ‘no red marks’ and non-itchiness (r = 0.72, ** p < 0.01). Additionally, no statistically significant differences in comparisons of comfort assessment measures were reported. However, due to the consistency of the trends in differences, the researchers suggest that these findings warrant additional research using a more robust sampling technique. According to the findings of this study, a higher-pressure level compression sock may be preferable for patients with ankle stability issues, as there is no significant evidence for a comforting outcome.