Background and Objectives: The management of patients with multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) is performed by a multidisciplinary team whose purpose is to individualize the treatment plan and to determine the strategies that will improve the patient’s care. The most commonly encountered malignancies are prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung, and bladder cancer. Prostate cancer may be synchronous or metachronous with other cancer sites. The risk factors for MPMs are viral infections, genetic factors, environmental factors, and oncological treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 26 patients with either synchronous or metachronous prostate cancer with another cancer site, registered at “Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Hospital in Galati, Romania, over a 15-year time interval (2010–2025).This paper presents the clinical and therapeutic characteristics and the staging of synchronous/metachronous cancer sites. The stage of the disease was analyzed along with the time interval between the first cancer site and the second or the third cancer site occurrence; the undergone treatment was a multimodal one. Results: This paper discusses the analyzed cases and presents the articles published in the specialty literature regarding the stage of synchronous or metachronous prostate cancer with one or more cancer sites. The most common sites are presented, along with the importance of follow-up and a complex therapeutic management depending on the stage of primary tumors. Conclusions: This series represents a cohort study regarding synchronous/metachronous prostate cancer with other cancer sites (26 cases over a 15-year time period). This case series adds more experience to the already existing experience in the literature, providing guidelines to clinicians in order to make the right decisions regarding the treatment of this disease.

Introduction: The occurrence of a second primary lung cancer after head and neck cancer is a challenge for multidisciplinary teams, since the development of a second lung cancer negatively affects the survival rate of patients with head and neck cancer. Case Presentation: This article presents the case of a patient with a double location of cancer: inoperable stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma, biopsied in December 2017 (non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma), treated by means of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (2018–2021), and stage IV lung cancer (squamous carcinoma) with lung metastases, diagnosed in December 2021, treated using polychemotherapy, subsequent maintenance monochemotherapy, radiotherapy of the thorax, and subsequent maintenance monochemotherapy with a favorable result. The patient was still under treatment as of February 2025, the date of the preparation of the current article. Discussion and Literature Review: Regarding the location of the second metachronous cancer, studies show that the most frequent locations are the lungs and the esophagus, with the main causes being alcohol consumption and smoking. Therefore, these patients should be monitored by screening the respiratory and digestive tracts, especially in men, in order to identify a second cancer, either synchronous or metachronous, in an early stage. Conclusions: Educating the patient with head and neck cancer regarding quitting smoking and cutting out alcohol, as well as conducting a follow-up survey, may reduce the incidence of multiple primaries. Moreover, the multidisciplinary management of second primary lung malignancies in patients with head and neck cancer may lead to long-term disease monitoring.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common neoplasia in men, and its clinical evolution is highly influenced by psycho-emotional factors, especially in elderly patients. Comorbidities, the perception of one’s identity and its impact on life quality become relevant variables in the therapeutic decision. Sexual dysfunction after treatment along with decreased libido, erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory dysfunction are significant problems in patients with prostate cancer. Case presentation: The present study presents the oncological evolution of an elderly patient with a dual diagnosis, prostate adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, who faced a significant amount of medical and psychological challenges. Reluctance to hormone therapy was closely linked to the fear of sexual dysfunction, a very common reaction in elderly men concerned with maintaining autonomy and intimacy. The peculiarity of the case consists in the interaction between the evolution of the disease, the therapeutic decisions and the psychological impact on the patient. Discussion: Androgen deprivation therapy negatively influences multiple aspects of sexual function, significantly impairing the life quality of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. In this context, therapy through acceptance and commitment is the appropriate one, its main purpose being to change the patient’s relationship with suffering—from struggle and rejection to active acceptance and value of the present. The intervention of the psychologist or the psychotherapist is essential in decision-making counseling, using coping techniques, the clarification of personal values and the involvement of the family in the decision-making process. Oncological psychology helps the patient redefine their life goals and priorities, not just to choose a treatment. Conclusions: Sexuality and psychological health are deeply affected by prostate cancer. Psychological flexibility and emotional support can mitigate this negative impact. The integration of therapy through acceptance and commitment in the rehabilitation after treatment increases effectiveness and patient satisfaction.